Laboratory Report: 03

Module Code: EE 5003

Module Title: Energy Systems
Name of the Lecturer: Eng. W J L S Fernando
Date of Submission: 28/10/2017
Group No: 03

TEST ON BUILDING THE POWER

CURVE AND POWER
COEFFICIENT CURVE GAMESA
G58 TURBINE

Name: A.M.D.N.B Abeysinghe

Student ID No: 2013/003/CL1
Graduate Diploma Level
Test on building the power curve and power coefficient curve Gamesa G58 turbine

Objectives: Develop the power curve and power coefficient curve for G58 turbine using the real site data
and understand the behavior of curves.

Introduction:
Performance of a single wind turbine can be characterized by a power curve a graphical representation
of the turbine electric power output as a function of the hub-height wind speed. With such a curve, the
turbine power output and energy production can be predicted without detailed knowledge of a turbine and
its components. Turbine manufacturers provide measured power curves for turbines based on industry
standard IEC 61400-12-1.
The coefficient of power of a wind turbine is a measurement of how efficiently the wind turbine converts
the energy in the wind to electricity. Wind turbines extract energy by slowing down the wind. For a wind
turbine to be 100% efficient it would need to stop 100% of the wind - but then the rotor would have to be
a solid disk and it would not turn and no kinetic energy would be converted. Albert Betz was a German
physicist who calculated that no wind turbine could convert more than 59.3% of the kinetic energy of the
wind into mechanical energy by turning a rotor.
Notations:
=
= =
= =

= =
=

Theory:
Following equations may be used to calculate the site corrected velocity and the power coefficient curve
= (1.225)1/3

=
1
3
2
= R T
Methodology:
1. Collect the wind speed data, Power output (Active power) and air temperature in 10 minutes
interval for a period of 1 years of Turbine No 1,3,8,12. (Group 1 - turbine no 1 , Group 2 - turbine
no 3, Group 3 - turbine no 8, Group 4 - turbine no 12)

Ambient
WTG Total power Reactive power Wind Speed
Date & Time Cos phi Temperature Nacelle position
ID (kW) (kVAr) (m/s)
(C)

Aug/07/2016
PD03 89.23684211 0.384210526 5.3 0.999631579 35.93684211 351.6842105
06:00
Aug/07/2016
PD03 90.025 0.095 5.22 0.999575 35.89 353
06:10
Aug/07/2016
PD03 92.425 -0.345 5.315 0.99958 35.87 354.85
06:20
Aug/07/2016
PD03 75.98 0.555 5.08 0.999285 35.875 354.3
06:30
Aug/07/2016
PD03 98.12 -1.01 5.425 0.99966 35.975 353.55
06:40
Aug/07/2016
PD03 84.875 -0.95 5.1 0.99951 36.09 350.5
06:50
Aug/07/2016
PD03 79.075 -0.52 4.975 0.999555 36.215 352.65
07:00
Aug/07/2016
PD03 0 0 0 0 0 0
10:40
Aug/07/2016
PD03 71.31538462 0.076923077 5.019230769 0.875138462 37.71153846 347.3076923
10:50
Table 01:Specimen Extraction of Data-Turbine PD3

2. Correct the wind speeds for the site density. ( P =1010mbar , R =287J/kg/K)

1010 101000 2

= =
= 287 = 287
(+273.15)

351.9163763066202 /3
=
( + 273.15)
1
= ( )3
1.225

Sample Calculation

351.9163763066202 /3
=
(35.936 + 273.15)
= 1.13856/3

1.13856 1
= 5.3( )3
1.225
= 5.172 /
 Ambient Corrected
Total power Reactive Wind Speed Site Density
Date & Time Cos phi Temperature Wind Speed
(kW) power (kVAr) (m/s) ()
(C) (U)

Aug/07/2016 06:00 89.23684211 0.384210526 5.3 0.999631579 35.93684211 1.138567963 5.172297459

Aug/07/2016 06:10 90.025 0.095 5.22 0.999575 35.89 1.138740539 5.094482414
Aug/07/2016 06:20 92.425 -0.345 5.315 0.99958 35.87 1.13881424 5.187309994
Aug/07/2016 06:30 75.98 0.555 5.08 0.999285 35.875 1.138795814 4.957929002
Aug/07/2016 06:40 98.12 -1.01 5.425 0.99966 35.975 1.13842742 5.294067758
Aug/07/2016 06:50 84.875 -0.95 5.1 0.99951 36.09 1.138004063 4.976294612
Aug/07/2016 07:00 79.075 -0.52 4.975 0.999555 36.215 1.137544248 4.853672716
Aug/07/2016 10:40 0 0 0 0 0 1.288363084 0
Aug/07/2016 10:50 71.31538462 0.076923077 5.019230769 0.875138462 37.71153846 1.132067923 4.888954129
Table 02: Specimen Extraction of Data-Turbine PD3

3. By using X-Y Scatter using excel, draw the Power vs Wind speed curve.

Figure:01

4. Calculate for each wind speed using the above data.

=
1 3
2
Swept area of the turbine = 2642 2

=
1 2 3
2 2642
Sample Calculation

89.23684211 1000
=
1
1.1385679 2642 5.172297453
2
= 0.429

Reactive Ambient Corrected Power

Total power Wind Speed Site Density
Date & Time power Cos phi Temperature Wind Speed Coefficient
(kW) (m/s) ()
(kVAr) (C) (U) (Cp)

Aug/07/2016 06:00 89.23684211 0.384210526 5.3 0.999631579 35.93684211 1.138567963 5.172297459 0.428764563
Aug/07/2016 06:10 90.025 0.095 5.22 0.999575 35.89 1.138740539 5.094482414 0.452608053
Aug/07/2016 06:20 92.425 -0.345 5.315 0.99958 35.87 1.13881424 5.187309994 0.440143299
Aug/07/2016 06:30 75.98 0.555 5.08 0.999285 35.875 1.138795814 4.957929002 0.414416127
Aug/07/2016 06:40 98.12 -1.01 5.425 0.99966 35.975 1.13842742 5.294067758 0.439711512
Aug/07/2016 06:50 84.875 -0.95 5.1 0.99951 36.09 1.138004063 4.976294612 0.458143842
Aug/07/2016 07:00 79.075 -0.52 4.975 0.999555 36.215 1.137544248 4.853672716 0.460196771
Aug/07/2016 10:40 0 0 0 0 0 1.288363084 0 #DIV/0!
Aug/07/2016 10:50 71.31538462 0.076923077 5.019230769 0.875138462 37.71153846 1.132067923 4.888954129 0.408081575
Table 03:Speciman Extraction of Data-Turbine PD3

5. By using X-Y Scatter using excel, draw the vs Wind speed curve.

Figure:02
Discussion
According to the Density vs Altitude above Sea Level curve below, it can be observed that the air density
decreases with increasing altitude. It also changes with variation in temperature and humidity. Consider the
equation below.
1
= ( )3
1.225
It can be understood that air density () effects the wind speed directly. Therefore, lower the air density ()
will lower the wind speed. Although when it comes to the obstacles to the wind flow, it can be seen that
increment of altitude above sea level is decreasing the number of obstacles to the wind flow at the same
level.

Figure:03
Average power of the wind generator coupled with Turbine PD3 (Gamesa G58):

=
=

14884993.73
=
4986
= 298.62

Average power in the wind with Rayleigh distribution:

=
)
(

6 1

= ( 1.1358 2642.0794 477.76)
2

= 1372.34

298.62
= 100%
1372.34
= 21.8%

Although plenty of energy available in the wind, it is impossible to harness all the energy. According to
the German physicist Albert Betz, the maximum theoretical efficiency of a wind turbine is 59.3%. It
happens when the turbine reduces the wind speed to one third of its original value. However ability of a
practical turbine to reach betz efficiency is 80% at it best. Therefore practical maximum turbine
efficiency falls between 45% - 50%. In this case it can be seen that the efficiency is about 22%. We can
assume that it is due to the losses caused by wind loss at blades and mechanical losses.
Performance of G58 wind turbine at Ambewela

According to the Figure 3, we can assume that average site density () at Ambewela is 0.96 kg/m3 at average
temperature of 25 C at altitude of 1800 m above sea level.

Month Wind speed Corrected wind speed

Dec 4.35 4.010522634

Jan 3.94 3.632519352

Feb 4.09 3.770813236

Mar 3.75 3.457347099

Apr 3.04 2.802756048

May 8.42 7.762896685

Jun 14.7 13.55280063

Jul 11.3 10.41813926

Aug 12.33 11.36775726

Sep 9.05 8.343730998

Oct 7.92 7.301917072

Nov 4.88 4.499161024

Table 04:Corrected Wind Speed
 Power vs Wind speed
900

800

700

600
Power (kW)

500

400

300

200

100

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Wind speed (m/s)

According to Figure 5 from theoretical power curve of G58 turbine active power has been obtained for each
corrected wind speeds.

Month Wind speed Corrected wind speed Active Power

Dec 4.35 4.010522634 32.1
Jan 3.94 3.632519352 21
Feb 4.09 3.770813236 23.2
Mar 3.75 3.457347099 18.5
Apr 3.04 2.802756048 0
May 8.42 7.762896685 328
Jun 14.7 13.55280063 848
Jul 11.3 10.41813926 744
Aug 12.33 11.36775726 815
Sep 9.05 8.343730998 414
Oct 7.92 7.301917072 277.5
Nov 4.88 4.499161024 52
Table 5: Corresponding active power for corrected wind speeds

3572.4
() =
12
() = 297.7
Theoretical plant factor for G58 in Ambewela:

=

297.7 8760
=
850 8760
= 0.350

Plant Factor for PD3 (G58) unit in Pawan Dhanavi:

298.62 8760
=
850 8760
= 0.351

It can be seen that; Plant Factor in Ambewela is almost similar to Plant Factor in Pawan Dhanavi and
Based on these facts it can be seen that performance of Gamesa G58 in pawan danavi is slightly better
than in Ambewela. Although there is no significant difference in two sites, but still we can say that it is
feasible to use this turbine in Ambewela area. Therefore, I would like to recommend Gamesa G58 wind
turbine for Ambewela area.