3 DIRECT DISPLACEMENT-BASED DESIGN: FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.2 BASIC FORMULATION OF THE METHOD

3.3 DESIGN LIMIT STATES AND PERFORMANCE LEVELS

3.3.1 Section Limit States
3.3.2 Structure Limit States.
3.3.3 Selection of Design Limit State

3.4 SINGLE-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM STRUCTURES

3.4.1 Design Displacement for a SDOF structure
3.4.2 Yield Displacement
3.4.3 Equivalent Viscous Damping
3.4.4 Design Base Shear Equation
3.4.5 Design Example 3.3: Design of a Simple Bridge Pier.
3.4.6 Design When the Displacement Capacity Exceeds the Spectral Demand

3.5 MULTI-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM STRUCTURES

3.5.1 Design Displacement
3.5.2 Displacement Shapes
3.5.3 Effective Mass
3.5.4 Equivalent Viscous Damping
3.5.5 Example 3.5: Effective Damping for a Cantilever Wall Building
3.5.6 Distribution of Design Base Shear Force
3.5.7 Analysis of Structure under Design Forces
3.5.8 Design Example 3.6: Design moments for a Cantilever Wall Building
3.5.9 Design Example 3.7: Serviceability Design for a Cantilever Wall Building

3.6 P-A EFFECTS

3.6.1 Current Design Approaches
3.6.2 Theoretical Considerations
3.6.3 Design Recommendations for Direct Displacement-Based Design

3.7 COMBINATION OF SEISMIC AND GRAVITY ACTIONS

3.7.1 A Discussion of Current Force-Based Design Approaches
3.7.2 Combination of Gravity and Seismic Moments in Displacement-Based Design

3.8 CONSIDERATION OF TORSIONAL RESPONSE IN DIRECT DISPLACEMENT BASED DESIGN

3.8.1 Introduction
3.8.2 Torsional Response of Inelastic Eccentric Structures
3.8.3 Design to Include Torsional Effects

3.9 CAPACITY DESIGN FOR DIRECT DISPLACEMENT-BASED DESIGN

3.10 SOME IMPLICATIONS OF DDBD

3.10.1 Influence of Seismic Intensity on Design Base Shear Strength
3.10.2 Influence of Building Height on Required Frame Base Shear Strength
3.10.3 Bridge with Piers of Different Height
3.10.4 Building with Unequal Wall Lengths