Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Abstract-- A U-slot loaded microstrip patch these, the use of multiple resonators in stacked or
antenna is analyzed using circuit theory concept. coplanar antenna geometries is very promising
It is found that broadband behaviour of the method to enhance impedance bandwidth. However,
antenna is achieved due to the effect of U-slot the stacked geometry increases the thickness of the
inserted into the patch. The optimized antenna antenna on one hand and the coplanar geometry
shows operational frequency band of 1.63 GHz increases its lateral size on the other hand. Therefore,
with impedance bandwidth of 34.72 %. A these geometries are not preferred for most of the
comparison between theoretical and simulated modern wireless communication systems that require
results is also presented. single layer single patch broadband microstrip
antenna.
Key-words: broad band, microstrip antenna, patch Huynh and Lee [1], in 1995, experimentally
antenna, U-slot reported that the impedance bandwidth of single-
layer single-patch microstrip antenna could exceed
1. INTRODUCTION 30 % if U-slot is cut into the patch. But the main
Microstrip antennas have become attractive disadvantage of this antenna is its electrical thickness
candidates in a variety of commercial applications which causes additional inductive component
such as mobile and satellite communications. associated with the input impedance. In this
Traditionally, microstrip antennas suffer from low endeavor, therefore, U-slot loaded microstrip patch
bandwidth characteristic. But many of antenna with reduced thickness and wider bandwidth
communication systems require wide bandwidth is presented. The theoretical investigation was carries
which is not provided by the conventional microstrip out using circuit theory concept based on modal
antenna. Hence serious efforts started among the expansion cavity model. The results so obtained are
scientific community to remove its inherent compared with IE3D simulated [**] and
drawback of narrow bandwidth. There are numerous experimental results; the details which are given in
and well known methods to increase the band width the following sections:
of the antennas including: the use of the substrate
thickness [1], the use of low dielectric substrate [1], II. ANTENNA GEOMETRY AND
the use of various impedance matching and feeding THEORETICAL FORMULATIONS
techniques [2], the use of multiple resonators [3-5] The geometrical configuration of the U-slot
and the use of slot antenna geometry [6-8]. Among loaded microstrip patch antenna is shown in Fig. 1.
The proposed antenna consists of a rectangular patch
of length L =36 mm and width W =26 mm. The
rectangular patch is printed on a dielectric substrate
Z in Z 0
where
Z in Z 0
(50 Ω)
(a)
The radiation pattern of U-slot microstrip
k0W
sin sin sin
jk0WVe jk0r 2
E( ) cos(kh cos )
r k0W
sin sin
(b) 2
(5)
k0 Le
cos sin sin cos
2
where 0
2
k0W
sin sin sin -2
jk0WVe jk0r 2
E( ) cos(khcos )
r k0W
sin sin -4
2
(6) Theoretical
k0 Le Simulated
cos sin sin cos sin -6
2
R e tu rn lo s s (d B )
where0 -8
2
-10
where V is radiating edge voltage, r is the distance of
-14
-16
III. CALCULATIONS AND DISCUSSION OF 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Frequency (GHz)
RESULTS
Fig.4 Variation of return loss with frequency
The calculation for variation of return loss
with frequency were carried out using equations (3- 0
4.108 GHz and 5.17 GHz. The two resonances are so Simulated
-10
closely spaced that the antenna gives broadband
characteristics. The calculated operational frequency -15
and Huynh et al [8]. Very small errors appear in the The calculations for radiation pattern for the
resonance frequencies and the bandwidth due to U-slot microstrip patch antenna at frequency 4.517
approximation in calculations of the impedances of GHz were done using equations (5-6), the data so
the patch and the U-slot. obtained are shown in Fig.5. It is noted that the
calculated radiation pattern is also almost similar to
the simulated radiation pattern. Antenna shows gain
of 5.37 dBi to 9.02 dBi in the operation frequency
band. As shown in Fig. 6.
10
antenna,” MIcrow. Opt. Tech. Lett., vol. 50, no.
9
8, pp. 2059-2063, 2008.
8
[5] Z. F. Liu, P. S. Kooi, L. W. Li, M. S. Leong and
7 T. S. Yeo, “A method for designing broad band
Gain (dBi)