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Cause:
It may be necessary to utilize utilities such as ping, winipcfg, tracert, etc to help identify and fix
network related issues.
Solution:
Below is a listing of the various network related commands used in MS-DOS, Windows, Linux, Unix, and
other operating systems. Each command includes additional information to what the command does, the
command's syntax, and miscellaneous information.
Note: If you are not the root or admin of a computer, it is possible for these commands to be disabled or
revoked.
Arp
Finger
Hostname
Ipconfig
Pathping
Ping
Nbtstat
Net
Netstat
Nslookup
Route
Tracert / Traceroute
Whois
Winipcfg
ARP
Display or manipulate the ARP information on a network device or computer.
Additional information about the MS-DOS arp command can be found here.
FINGER
The finger command available in Unix / Linux variants allows a user to find sometimes personal information
about a user. This information can include the last time the user logged in, when they read their e-mail,
etc... If the user creates a .PLAN or other related file the user can also display additional information.
Unix / Linux and variant finger command information can be found here.
HOSTNAME
http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000444.htm[20/10/2009 6:32:29 ]
Help with ping, winipcfg, and other network commands.
The hostname command displays the host name of the Windows XP computer currently logged into.
Additional information about the MS-DOS hostname command can be found here.
IPCONFIG
Ipconfig is a MS-DOS utility that can be used from MS-DOS and a MS-DOS shell to display the network
settings currently assigned and given by a network. This command can be utilized to verify a network
connection as well as to verify your network settings.
Windows 2000 users should use this command to determine network information.
PATHPING
Pathping is a MS-DOS utility available for Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows XP users. This utility
enables a user to find network latency and network loss.
PING
Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands. Ping allows a user to ping another network
IP address. This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network.
NBTSTAT
The nbtstat MS-DOS utility that displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT.
NET
The net command is available in MS-DOS / Windows and is used to set, view and determine network
settings.
NETSTAT
The netstat command is used to display the TCP/IP network protocol statistics and information.
NSLOOKUP
The nslookup MS-DOS utility that enables a user to do a reverse lookup on an IP address of a domain or
host on a network.
http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000444.htm[20/10/2009 6:32:29 ]
Help with ping, winipcfg, and other network commands.
Unix / Linux nslookup command and information and be found here. Linux users may also be
interested in the host command that performs a similar task.
ROUTE
The route MS-DOS utility enables computers to view and modify the computer's route table.
TRACERT / TRACEROUTE
The tracert command in MS-DOS / Windows or the traceroute command in Unix / Linux and variants is
another commonly used network command to help determine network related issues or slowdowns. Using
this command you can view a listing of how a network packet travels through the network and where it
may fail or slow down. Using this information you can determine the computer, router, switch or other
network device possibly causing your network issues.
WHOIS
The whois command available in Unix / Linux variants helps allow a user to identify a domain name. This
command provides information about a domain name much like the WHOIS on network solutions. In some
cases the domain information will be provided from Network Solutions.
Unix / Linux and variant whois command information can be found here.
WINIPCFG
The winipcfg command available in Windows allows a user to display network and network adapter
information. Here, a user can find such information as an IP address, Subnet Mask, Gateway, etc...
NOTE: Windows 2000, Windows XP and above users do not have winipcfg. Instead, use ipconfig.
http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000444.htm[20/10/2009 6:32:29 ]
Root
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Root
Computer help
Dictionary Index
News 1. Also known as an admin, administrator, and gatekeeper this account
Q&A is a super user on a computer and/or network and has complete control Category:
What's new over it. When referring to a Unix / Linux computer this user is often Dictionary
known as root and on a Windows computer and network this user is
Tools often referred to as an administrator. However, each of these terms is Related Pages:
interchangeable.
E-mail this page R - Definitions
Print Preview
Edit this page Information about determining if an account has administrator
rights on document CH001093. Resolved
Ads by Google See document CH001096 for additional information about why you
Root may not be able to log into the administrator account. Were you able
Additional information about giving a Windows account to locate the
Linux Commands
administrative rights on document CH001097. answer to your
RedHat Linux
See our su or super user command page for additional information questions?
Desktop Linux
on this Linux command.
Yes
2. The highest level in a directory hierarchy. For example, in MS-DOS, No
the root of the primary hard disk drive would C:\.
Search
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Root
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Address Resolution Protocol - ARP
Other Pages
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ARP
Computer help
Dictionary Index
News Short for Address Resolution Protocol, ARP is a protocol used with the
Q&A IP protocol for mapping a 32-bit Internet Protocol address to a MAC Category:
What's new address that is recognized in the local network specified in RFC 826. Dictionary
Once recognized, the server or networking device returns a response
Tools containing the required address. Related Pages:
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Additional information about the MS-DOS ARP command can be A - Definitions
Edit this page found on our MS-DOS ARP command page.
See our Linux / Unix arp command page for additional information Resolved
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MS-DOS arp command help
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Microsoft DOS arp command
Computer help
Dictionary Index
News Quick links Availability
Q&A Category:
What's new About arp The arp.exe command is an MS-DOS
Availability external command accessed
Tools Syntax through the C:\Windows or Companies:
Examples C:\Winnt\System32 directory and Microsoft
E-mail this page
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is available in the below
Edit this page About arp Microsoft operating systems. Related Pages:
Operating systems
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information from network Windows 98 Resolved
D Link Router
devices. Windows ME
Static IP
Windows NT Were you able
CMD EXE
Windows 2000 to locate the
Windows
Windows XP answer to your
Windows Vista questions?
Windows 7
Yes
No
Syntax
http://www.computerhope.com/arphlp.htm[20/10/2009 6:33:34 ]
MS-DOS arp command help
Examples
arp -a
Interface 220.0.0.80
The Physical Address or MAC address as shown above in the format aa-bb-cc-dd-ee-ff is the
unique manufacturer identification number. This number should always be a unique address.
An example of how to change the above IP address 220.0.0.160 to 220.0.0.161 in this case
would be:
If an IP address has already been assigned to the specific network adapter it is not possible
to change that assigned IP address to a new address. In addition, networks italicizing DHCP,
BOOTP or RARP will automatically assign the card an IP address, therefore, this command
would not be utilized.
Search
http://www.computerhope.com/arphlp.htm[20/10/2009 6:33:34 ]
Linux and UNIX finger command.
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Linux / Unix finger command
Computer help
Dictionary Index
News Quick links
Q&A Category:
What's new About finger Linux / Unix
Syntax
Tools Examples Companies:
Related commands Click here
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Linux / Unix main page
Edit this page
Related Pages:
About finger
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Lists information about the user.
Were you able
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Syntax to locate the
Linux Training
answer to your
Win XP finger [-b] [-f] [-h] [-i] [-l] [-m] [-p] [-q] [-s] [-w] [username] questions?
http://www.computerhope.com/unix/ufinger.htm[20/10/2009 6:33:54 ]
Linux and UNIX finger command.
Examples
Related commands
ac
passwd
who
whois
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MS-DOS ipconfig help and information
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Microsoft DOS ipconfig command
Computer help
Dictionary Index
News Quick links Availability
Q&A Category:
What's new About ipconfig The ipconfig.exe command is an MS-DOS
Availability external command and is
Tools Windows 95, 98, ME syntax available in the below Microsoft Companies:
Windows 2000 and XP syntax operating systems. Microsoft
E-mail this page
Print Preview
Examples
Edit this page Windows 95 Related Pages:
About ipconfig Windows 98 Operating systems
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Ipconfig is a DOS utility that can Windows 2000 Resolved
IP Proxy
be used from MS-DOS and a MS- Windows XP
DNS IP Address
DOS shell to display the network Windows Vista Were you able
Voice IP Phone
settings currently assigned and Windows 7 to locate the
CMD EXE
given by a network. This answer to your
command can be utilized to questions?
verify a network connection as
well as to verify your network Yes
settings. No
Display detailed
/All
information.
http://www.computerhope.com/ipconfig.htm[20/10/2009 6:34:44 ]
MS-DOS ipconfig help and information
The default is to display only the IP address, subnet mask and default gateway for each
adapter bound to TCP/IP.
For Release and Renew, if no adapter name is specified, then the IP address leases for all
adapters bound to TCP/IP will be released or renewed.
Examples
To get your computers local network IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway typing
ipconfig alone will display this information as shown below. Keep in mind this is only your
local network information. If you're trying to determine your IP address used on the Internet
we suggest viewing our system information page.
ipconfig
To get all local network information for your computer use the /all switch as shown below,
followed by the results that would be seen when using this command.
ipconfig /all
Windows IP Configuration
0 Ethernet adapter :
http://www.computerhope.com/ipconfig.htm[20/10/2009 6:34:44 ]
MS-DOS ipconfig help and information
1 Ethernet adapter :
ipconfig /displaydns
Running the above command would display all the DNS information.
ipconfig /flushdns
Search
http://www.computerhope.com/ipconfig.htm[20/10/2009 6:34:44 ]
MS-DOS hostname command help
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Microsoft DOS hostname command
Computer help
Dictionary Index
News Quick links Availability
Q&A Category:
What's new About hostname The hostname command is an MS-DOS
Availability external command and is
Tools Syntax available in the below Microsoft Companies:
Examples operating systems. Microsoft
E-mail this page
Print Preview
Edit this page About hostname Windows 2000 Related Pages:
Windows XP Operating systems
Ads by Google Display the hostname of the Windows Vista
machine the command is being Windows 7 Resolved
Computer Fix
run on. Additional information
Free Domain
about the term hostname can be Were you able
Domain Who Is
found on our hostname dictionary to locate the
CMD EXE
definition. answer to your
questions?
Yes
No
Syntax
hostname
Examples
hostname
Running the command would display the hostname for the computer.
Search
http://www.computerhope.com/hostname.htm[20/10/2009 6:36:08 ]
MS-DOS pathping command help
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Microsoft DOS pathping command
Computer help
Dictionary Index
News Quick links Availability
Q&A Category:
What's new About pathping The pathping.exe command is an MS-DOS
Availability external command that is
Tools Syntax available in the below Microsoft Companies:
Examples operating systems. Microsoft
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Edit this page About pathping Windows 2000 Related Pages:
Windows XP Operating Systems
Similar to the tracert command, Windows Vista Network Card
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pathping provides users with the Windows 7
Ping IP
ability of locating spots that have Resolved
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network latency and network
IP Changer
loss. Were you able
What Is My IP to locate the
answer to your
questions?
Yes
No
Syntax
Options:
http://www.computerhope.com/pathping.htm[20/10/2009 6:36:19 ]
MS-DOS pathping command help
Windows XP Syntax
Options:
Examples
pathping computerhope.com
Trace complete.
Search
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MS-DOS pathping command help
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MS-DOS ping command help
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Microsoft DOS ping command
Computer help
Dictionary Index
News Quick links Availability
Q&A Category:
What's new About ping The ping.exe command is an MS-DOS
Availability external command that is
Tools Syntax available in the below Microsoft Companies:
Examples operating systems. Microsoft
E-mail this page
Print Preview
Additional information
Edit this page Windows 95 Related Pages:
About ping Windows 98 Operating Systems
Windows ME Ping definition
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IP Changer
Helps in determining TCP/IP Windows NT
Networks IP address as well as Windows 2000
CMD EXE
determine issues with the Windows XP Resolved
Windows
network and assists in resolving Windows Vista
IP Address
them. Windows 7 Were you able
to locate the
See our dictionary ping definition answer to your
for additional information. questions?
Yes
No
Syntax
ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS]
[-r count] [-s count] [[-j host-list] | [-k host-list]]
[-w timeout] destination-list
Options:
-t Pings the specified host until stopped.
To see statistics and continue - type Control-
Break;
To stop - type Control-C.
-a Resolve addresses to hostnames.
-n count Number of echo requests to send.
-l size Send buffer size.
http://www.computerhope.com/pinghlp.htm[20/10/2009 6:36:29 ]
MS-DOS ping command help
Examples
ping localhost
Pings the local host, this will allow you to see if the computer is able to send
information out and receive the information back. Note that this does not send
information over a network but may allow you to see if the card is being seen.
ping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
Allows you to ping another computer where the x's are located are where you would
place the IP address of the computer you are attempting to ping. If this is not able to
complete, this should relay back an unsuccessful message, which could be an indication
of cable issues, network card issues, hub issue, etc.
ping computerhope.com
Additional information
Information about why pinging a website such as microsoft.com may not return a
response can be found on document CH001054.
See document CH001055 for additional information about determining the IP address of
a web page.
Ping a website or check if it's online through our free is it up utility.
Search
http://www.computerhope.com/pinghlp.htm[20/10/2009 6:36:29 ]
Linux and UNIX ping command help
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Linux / Unix main page
Edit this page
Related Pages:
About ping
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Linux Commands
Sends ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.
Were you able
Linux Training
Syntax to locate the
Windows XP
answer to your
Unix Expert ping -s [-d] [-l] [-L] [-n] [-r] [-R] [-v] [ -i interface_address ] [-I questions?
interval] [-t ttl] host [packetsize] [count]
Yes
-d Set the SO_DEBUG socket option. No
http://www.computerhope.com/unix/uping.htm[20/10/2009 6:36:40 ]
Linux and UNIX ping command help
Examples
Related commands
host
ifconfig
netstat
rpcinfo
traceroute
Search
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Linux and UNIX ping command help
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MS-DOS nbtstat command help
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Microsoft DOS nbtstat command
Computer help
Dictionary Index
News Quick links Availability
Q&A Category:
What's new About nbtstat The nbtstat command is an MS-DOS
Availability external command that is
Tools Syntax available in the below Microsoft Companies:
Examples operating systems. Microsoft
E-mail this page
Print Preview
Edit this page About nbtstat Windows 98 Related Pages:
Windows ME CH000444
Ads by Google MS-DOS utility that displays Windows NT
protocol statistics and current Windows 2000 Resolved
Dos Tutorial
TCP/IP connections using NBT. Windows XP
Free Domain
Windows Vista Were you able
Baby Boy Names
Windows 7 to locate the
Web Name answer to your
questions?
Yes
No
Syntax
NBTSTAT [ [-a RemoteName] [-A IP address] [-c] [-n] [-r] [-R] [-RR] [-s] [-S] [interval] ]
-a (adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its name
-A (Adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its IP address.
-c (cache) Lists NBT's cache of remote [machine] names and their IP addresses
-n (names) Lists local NetBIOS names.
-r (resolved) Lists names resolved by broadcast and via WINS
-R (Reload) Purges and reloads the remote cache name table
-S (Sessions) Lists sessions table with the destination IP addresses
-s (sessions) Lists sessions table converting destination IP addresses to computer
NETBIOS names.
-RR (ReleaseRefresh) Sends Name Release packets to WINs and then, starts
Refresh
RemoteName Remote host machine name.
http://www.computerhope.com/nbtstat.htm[20/10/2009 6:36:49 ]
MS-DOS nbtstat command help
Examples
nbtstat -a 204.224.150.3
Local Area Connection:
Node IpAddress: [204.224.150.3] Scope Id: []
NetBIOS Remote Machine Name Table
Name Type Status
---------------------------------------------
HOPE4 <00> UNIQUE Registered
CHGROUP <00> GROUP Registered
HOPE4 <20> UNIQUE Registered
HOPE4 <03> UNIQUE Registered
CHGROUP <1E> GROUP Registered
CHGROUP <1D> UNIQUE Registered
..__MSBROWSE__. <01> GROUP Registered
ADMINISTRATOR <03> UNIQUE Registered
MAC Address = 00-00-00-00-00-00
Search
http://www.computerhope.com/nbtstat.htm[20/10/2009 6:36:49 ]
MS-DOS net command help
Other Pages
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Microsoft DOS net command
Computer help
Dictionary Index
News Quick links Availability
Q&A Category:
What's new About net The net.exe command is an MS-DOS
Availability external command that is
Tools Syntax available in the below Microsoft Companies:
Examples operating systems. Microsoft
E-mail this page
Print Preview
Additional Information
Edit this page Windows 95 Related Pages:
About net Windows 98 Operating systems
Ads by Google Windows NT
The net command is used to Windows ME Resolved
Dos Tutorial
update, fix, or view the network Windows 2000
In Domain
or network settings. Listed in the Windows XP Were you able
Dos Hermanas
Syntax we have listed each of net Windows Vista to locate the
Unix Commands
commands. For additional Windows 7 answer to your
information and examples, see questions?
our Syntax section.
Yes
No
Syntax
Windows XP syntax
Windows 2000 syntax
Windows XP syntax
NET COMPUTER Add other networked computers with Windows Domain Controller.
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MS-DOS net command help
[SERVER | WORKSTATION]
[service]
[id [/CLOSE]]
NET GROUP Add, delete, view, and otherwise manage network workgroups.
[service]
\\computername\sharename
[\\computername] job# [/HOLD | /RELEASE | /DELETE]
NET SEND Sends messages to other users, computers, or messaging names on the
network. The Messenger service must be running to receive messages.
You can send a message only to an name that is active on the network.
If the message is sent to a username, that user must be logged on and
running the Messenger service to receive the message.
NET SESSION Display all sessions connected to the computer and deletes them if
specified.
[\\computername] [/DELETE]
sharename
sharename=drive:path [/USERS:number | /UNLIMITED]
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MS-DOS net command help
[/REMARK:"text"]
[/CACHE:Manual | Documents| Programs | None ]
sharename [/USERS:number | /UNLIMITED]
[/REMARK:"text"]
[/CACHE:Manual | Documents | Programs | None]
{sharename | devicename | drive:path} /DELETE
[service]
[WORKSTATION | SERVER]
service
NET TIME Display the time and date of another network computer.
[\\computername | /DOMAIN[:domainname] |
/RTSDOMAIN[:domainname]] [/SET]
[\\computername] /QUERYSNTP
[\\computername] /SETSNTP[:ntp server list]
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MS-DOS net command help
command /?
NET HELP [suffix]
NET HELP errornum
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MS-DOS net command help
If you would rather be prompted to type your user name and password
instead of specifying them in the NET LOGON command line, type NET
LOGON without options.
The first syntax line above is for changing the password for your
password-list file. The second syntax line above is for changing your
password on a Windows NT or LAN Manager server or domain.
NET PRINT Displays information about print queues and controls print jobs.
http://www.computerhope.com/nethlp.htm[20/10/2009 6:37:08 ]
MS-DOS net command help
When you specify the name of a computer by using the NET PRINT
command, you receive information about the print queues on each of
the shared printers that are connected to the computer.
You can send a message only to an name that is active on the network.
If the message is sent to a username, that user must be logged on and
running the Messenger service to receive the message.
http://www.computerhope.com/nethlp.htm[20/10/2009 6:37:08 ]
MS-DOS net command help
To start the workgroup redirector you selected during Setup, type NET
START without options. In general, you don't need to use any of the
options.
NET STOP Stops services. NOTE: Services cannot be stopped from a command
prompt within Windows.
To stop the workgroup redirector, type NET STOP without options. This
breaks all your connections to shared resources and removes the NET
commands from your computer's memory.
NET TIME Displays the time on or synchronizes your computer's clock with the
shared clock on a Microsoft Windows for Workgroups, Windows NT,
Windows 95, or NetWare time server.
http://www.computerhope.com/nethlp.htm[20/10/2009 6:37:08 ]
MS-DOS net command help
NET VER Displays the type and version number of the workgroup redirector you
are using.
NET VER
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MS-DOS net command help
Examples
Send a text message to the computer with a host name of mrhope the message There
is hope!. Note: This command only works for Windows versions that support this
command.
Note: Many computers today have also disabled the messenger service, if this service is
disabled you will be unable to send/receive net send messages. Additional information
about how this service is disabled can be found on document CH0000519. If you need
this service enabled, follow the instructions on this page and choose to enable the
service instead of disabling it.
Display additional information about the network such as the computers name,
workgroup, logon domain, DNS, and other useful information.
View the available computers and their shared resources you may use either of the
below commands. The first example displays available computers. The last command
would display the shared resources on the hope computer.
net localgroup
Display all groups currently setup on the computer you're running the command on.
net share
Search
http://www.computerhope.com/nethlp.htm[20/10/2009 6:37:08 ]
MS-DOS netstat command help
Other Pages
Home
Site map
Microsoft DOS netstat command
Computer help
Dictionary Index
News Quick links Availability
Q&A Category:
What's new About netstat The netstat.exe command is an MS-DOS
Availability external command available in
Tools Syntax the below Microsoft operating Companies:
Examples systems. Microsoft
E-mail this page
Print Preview
Edit this page About netstat Windows 95 Related Pages:
Windows 98 CH000444
Ads by Google The netstat command is used to Windows NT
display the TCP/IP network Windows ME Resolved
Slow Computer
protocol statistics and Windows 2000
XP Pro Windows
information. Windows XP Were you able
Dos Printing
Windows Vista to locate the
Windows
Windows 7 answer to your
questions?
Yes
No
Syntax
http://www.computerhope.com/netstat.htm[20/10/2009 6:38:17 ]
MS-DOS netstat command help
Examples
netstat
Displays all local network information. Below is an example of what may be displayed.
netstat 5
Running netstat with a number after the command will continue to run the command
until stopped. In this case netstat would be refreshed ever five seconds. To cancel press
CTRL + C.
Notice: Keep in mind that if you have network applications open, such as the browser you're
using to view this page, additional items will be listed when you run "netstat" and/or the
"netstat -a" command. So you may see items from Computer Hope in your list; if you want a
true listing of what is running in the background, close all programs and run the command.
Search
http://www.computerhope.com/netstat.htm[20/10/2009 6:38:17 ]
Linux and UNIX netstat command help
Other Pages
Home
Site map
Linux / Unix netstat command
Computer help
Dictionary Index
News Quick links
Q&A Category:
What's new About netstat Linux / Unix
Syntax
Tools Examples Companies:
Related commands Click here
E-mail this page
Print Preview
Linux / Unix main page
Edit this page
Related Pages:
About netstat
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Shows network status.
Were you able
Unix Commands
Syntax to locate the
IPS
answer to your
Linux Training netstat [-a] [-n] [-v] questions?
netstat -D [ -I interface ]
http://www.computerhope.com/unix/unetstat.htm[20/10/2009 6:38:47 ]
Linux and UNIX netstat command help
Examples
netstat
netstat -an
netstat -rn
netstat -natp
Related commands
ac
arp
ifconfig
route
http://www.computerhope.com/unix/unetstat.htm[20/10/2009 6:38:47 ]
Linux and UNIX netstat command help
rpcinfo
Search
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Reverse DNS lookup
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Reverse DNS lookup
Computer help
Dictionary 1. Also known as reverse resolving and rDNS, Reverse DNS lookup is Index
News the process of looking up an IP address to resolve a hostname instead of
Q&A the other way around. This technique is often used to help diagnose Category:
What's new networking related issues or to determine where network data is going. Dictionary
Tools Users running Microsoft Windows could use the nslookup command to Related Pages:
perform a reverse lookup on an IP address and Linux users can use the
E-mail this page R - Definitions
Print Preview host command on nslookup.
Edit this page
Entering an IP address in our free is it up online utility will also Resolved
Ads by Google perform a reverse lookup on that IP address and also see if it's up.
DNS IP Address
Were you able
2. A reverse lookup is also a method of locating an address from a to locate the
IP to Location
phone number. Click here to pull up a search for sites offering phone answer to your
Domain It
number reverse lookups. questions?
Domain 24
Also see: DNS, Nameserver, Network definitions Yes
No
Windows XP & Vista Fix Phone Reverse Search
Speed Up Your PC & Reduce Crashes. Search for Free by Name, Business, Address
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http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/rdns.htm[20/10/2009 6:39:27 ]
MS-DOS nslookup command help
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Microsoft DOS nslookup command
Computer help
Dictionary Index
News Quick links Availability
Q&A Category:
What's new About nslookup The nslookup.exe command is an MS-DOS
Availability external command that is
Tools Syntax available in the below Microsoft Companies:
Examples operating systems. Microsoft
E-mail this page
Print Preview
Edit this page About nslookup Windows NT Related Pages:
Windows 2000 CH000444
Ads by Google MS-DOS utility that enables a Windows XP
user to look up an IP address of a Windows 7 Resolved
Dos Tutorial
domain or host on a network.
Linux Training
Were you able
Phone Lookup
Users who are using earlier to locate the
Unix Commands
versions of Microsoft Windows 95, answer to your
Windows 98, or Windows ME and questions?
need the options available with
the nslookup command will need Yes
to download an alternative, No
third-party program.
Syntax
NAME print info about the host/domain NAME using default server
NAME1 NAME2 as above, but use NAME2 as server
help or ? print info on common commands
set OPTION set an option
http://www.computerhope.com/nslookup.htm[20/10/2009 6:39:57 ]
MS-DOS nslookup command help
Examples
This command is often used to perform a reverse lookup on an IP address as shown in the
below example. The first section specifies the server and address of that server that provided
you with the domain name and IP address displayed in the second section.
nslookup 204.228.150.3
Server: ns.computerhope.com
Address: 1.1.1.1
Name: www.computerhope.com
Address: 204.228.150.3
nslookup
Search
http://www.computerhope.com/nslookup.htm[20/10/2009 6:39:57 ]
Linux and UNIX nslookup command help
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Home
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Linux / Unix nslookup command
Computer help
Dictionary Index
News Quick links
Q&A Category:
What's new About nslookup Linux / Unix
Syntax
Tools Examples Companies:
Related commands Click here
E-mail this page
Print Preview
Linux / Unix main page
Edit this page
Related Pages:
About nslookup
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Queries a name server for a host or domain lookup.
Were you able
Linux Training
Syntax to locate the
Repair Unix
answer to your
Unix Chat nslookup [ - option ] ... host [ server ] questions?
http://www.computerhope.com/unix/unslooku.htm[20/10/2009 6:40:33 ]
Linux and UNIX nslookup command help
Examples
nslookup 204.228.150.3
Server: 198.60.22.2
Address: 198.60.22.2#53
Non-authoritative answer:
3.150.228.204.in-addr.arpa name = www.computerhope.com.
Related commands
dig
host
ping
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http://www.computerhope.com/unix/unslooku.htm[20/10/2009 6:40:33 ]
Linux / Unix host command and information
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Linux / Unix host command
Computer help
Dictionary Index
News Quick links
Q&A Category:
What's new About host Linux / Unix
Syntax
Tools Examples Companies:
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E-mail this page
Print Preview
Linux / Unix main page
Edit this page
Related Pages:
About host
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DNS lookup utility.
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Unix Training
Syntax to locate the
Repair Unix
answer to your
Unix Chat host [-aCdlnrTwv] [-c class] [-N ndots] [-R number] [-t type] [-W wait] questions?
[-4] [-6] {name} [server]
Yes
-a (all) option is equivalent to setting the -v option No
and asking host to make a query of type ANY.
-C host will attempt to display the SOA records for
zone name from all the listed authoritative name
servers for that zone. The list of name servers is
defined by the NS records that are found for the
zone.
-c instructs to make a DNS query of class class. This
can be used to lookup Hesiod or Chaosnet class
resource records. The default class is IN (Internet).
-d, -v Verbose output is generated by host when the -d or
-v option is used. The two options are equivalent.
They have been provided for backwards
compatibility. In previous versions, the -d option
switched on debugging traces and -v enabled
verbose output.
-l This makes host perform a zone transfer for zone
name. Transfer the zone printing out the NS, PTR
and address records (A/AAAA). If combined with -a
all records will be printed.
-i Specifies that reverse lookups of IPv6 addresses
should use the IP6.INT domain as defined in
RFC1886. The default is to use IP6.ARPA.
http://www.computerhope.com/unix/host.htm[20/10/2009 6:40:46 ]
Linux / Unix host command and information
Examples
http://www.computerhope.com/unix/host.htm[20/10/2009 6:40:46 ]
Linux / Unix host command and information
host 204.228.150.3
Related commands
dig
nslookup
ping
Search
http://www.computerhope.com/unix/host.htm[20/10/2009 6:40:46 ]
MS-DOS route command help and information
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Microsoft DOS route command
Computer help
Dictionary Index
News Quick links Availability
Q&A Category:
What's new About route The route.exe command is an MS-DOS
Availability external command that is
Tools Syntax available in the below Microsoft Companies:
Examples operating systems. Microsoft
E-mail this page
Print Preview
Edit this page About route Windows 95 Related Pages:
Windows 98 Operating systems
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Windows ROUTE command is Windows 2000 Resolved
Route
similar to the Unix or Linux route Windows XP
Ping IP
command. Use the command to Windows Vista Were you able
Identify IP
manually configure the routes in Windows 7 to locate the
IP Trace
the routing table. answer to your
questions?
Yes
No
Syntax
ROUTE [-f] [-p] [command [destination] [MASK netmask] [gateway] [METRIC metric] [IF
interface]
-f Clears the routing tables of all gateway entries. If this is used in conjunction
with one of the commands, the tables are cleared prior to running the
command.
-p When used with the ADD command, makes a route persistent across boots of
the system. By default, routes are not preserved when the system is
restarted. When used with the PRINT command, displays the list of registered
persistent routes. Ignored for all other commands, which always affect the
appropriate persistent routes. This option is not supported Windows'95.
command
command One of these:
http://www.computerhope.com/routehlp.htm[20/10/2009 6:41:20 ]
MS-DOS route command help and information
All symbolic names used for destination are looked up in the network database file
NETWORKS. The symbolic names for gateway are looked up in the host name database file
HOSTS.
If Dest contains a * or ?, it is treated as a shell pattern, and only matching destination routes
are printed. The '*' matches any string, and '?' matches any one char. Examples: 157.*.1,
157.*, 127.*, *224*.
Diagnostic Notes:
Invalid MASK generates an error, that is when (DEST & MASK) != DEST.
Example> route ADD 157.0.0.0 MASK 155.0.0.0 157.55.80.1 IF 1
The route addition failed: The specified mask parameter is invalid.
(Destination & Mask) != Destination.
Examples
Examples:
One way to use this would be as follows: You can't ping the server that you are connecting
to, but you know the ip address to be 127.16.16.10
>route PRINT
Interface List
0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface
0x2 ...00 14 a4 c3 44 20 ...... Xircom CardBus Ethernet 10/100 Adapter
0x3 ...00 b0 d0 43 55 a5 ...... 3Com EtherLink PCI
0x4 ...00 01 b0 8f 8f 80 ...... NdisWan Adapter
http://www.computerhope.com/routehlp.htm[20/10/2009 6:41:20 ]
MS-DOS route command help and information
Active Routes:
Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 127.16.8.14 127.16.8.14 1
127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
127.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 127.16.8.14 127.16.8.14 1
127.16.8.14 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 2
192.168.50.65 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
192.168.50.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 1
224.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 127.16.8.14 127.16.8.14 1
224.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 1
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 1
** notice that no gateway for the current ip goes to 255.255.255.0, so it must be added. Now
do the below command.
>route ADD 127.16.0.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 <your current ip from winntcfg or winipcfg>
METRIC 1
>route print
Active Routes:
Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 127.16.8.14 127.16.8.14 1
127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
127.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 127.16.8.14 127.16.8.14 1
** 127.16.0.0 255.255.255.0 127.16.8.14 127.16.8.14 1
127.16.8.14 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 2
192.168.50.65 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
192.168.50.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 1
224.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 127.16.8.14 127.16.8.14 1
224.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 1
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 1
Search
http://www.computerhope.com/routehlp.htm[20/10/2009 6:41:20 ]
MS-DOS tracert command help
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Microsoft DOS tracert command
Computer help
Dictionary Index
News Quick links Availability
Q&A Category:
What's new About tracert The tracert.exe command is an MS-DOS
Availability external command that is
Tools Syntax available in the below Microsoft Companies:
Examples operating systems. Microsoft
E-mail this page
Print Preview
Edit this page About tracert MS-DOS 6.2 Related Pages:
Windows 95 Network Card
The tracert command is used to Windows 98 Operating Systems
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Ping IP
visually see a network packet Windows ME
being sent and received and the Windows NT
Utility EXE
amount of hops required for that Windows 2000 Resolved
Tracert
packet to get to its destination. Windows XP
CMD EXE
Windows Vista Were you able
Users with Microsoft Windows to locate the
Windows 7
2000 and Windows XP who need answer to your
additional information network questions?
latency and network loss should
also consider using the pathping Yes
command. No
Syntax
Options:
Examples
tracert computerhope.com
http://www.computerhope.com/tracert.htm[20/10/2009 6:41:43 ]
MS-DOS tracert command help
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http://www.computerhope.com/tracert.htm[20/10/2009 6:41:43 ]
Linux and UNIX traceroute command help
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Linux / Unix traceroute command
Computer help
Dictionary Index
News Quick links
Q&A Category:
What's new About traceroute Linux / Unix
Syntax
Tools Examples Companies:
Related commands Click here
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Print Preview
Linux / Unix main page
Edit this page
Related Pages:
About traceroute
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Linux Commands
Print the route packets take to network host.
Were you able
Linux Training
Syntax to locate the
Unix Expert
answer to your
Repair Unix traceroute [-d] [-F] [-I] [-n] [-v] [-x] [-f first_ttl] [-g gateway [-g questions?
gateway] | -r] [-i iface] [-m max_ttl] [-p port] [-q nqueries] [-s
src_addr] [-t tos] [-w waittime ] host [packetlen] Yes
No
-d Set the SO_DEBUG socket option.
-F Set the "don't fragment" bit.
-I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams.
-n Print hop addresses numerically rather than
symbolically and numerically. This saves a
nameserver address-to-name lookup for each
gateway found on the path.
-v Verbose output. For each hop, the size and the
destination of the response packets is displayed.
Also ICMP packets received other than
TIME_EXCEEDED and UNREACHABLE are listed as
well.
-x Prevent traceroute from calculating checksums.
Note that checksums are usually required for the
last hop when using ICMP ECHO probes. See the -I
option.
-f first_ttl Set the starting ttl value to first_ttl, to override the
default value 1. traceroute skips processing for
those intermediate gateways which are less than
first_ttl hops away.
-g gateway Specify a loose source route gateway. The user can
http://www.computerhope.com/unix/utracero.htm[20/10/2009 6:42:00 ]
Linux and UNIX traceroute command help
Examples
http://www.computerhope.com/unix/utracero.htm[20/10/2009 6:42:00 ]
Linux and UNIX traceroute command help
following:
Related commands
netstat
ping
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http://www.computerhope.com/unix/utracero.htm[20/10/2009 6:42:00 ]
Linux and UNIX whois command help
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Linux / Unix whois command
Computer help
Dictionary Index
News Quick links
Q&A Category:
What's new About whois Linux / Unix
Syntax
Tools Examples Companies:
Related commands Click here
E-mail this page
Print Preview
Linux / Unix main page
Edit this page
Related Pages:
About whois
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Linux Commands
Internet user name directory service.
Were you able
Unix Expert
Syntax to locate the
Repair Unix
answer to your
Unix Chat whois [ -h host ] identifier questions?
Examples
Domain names in the .com, .net, and .org domains can now be
registered
with many different competing registrars. Go to
http://www.internic.net
for detailed information.
>>> Last update of whois database: Thu, 22 Feb 2001 07:49:41 EST <<<
http://www.computerhope.com/unix/uwhois.htm[20/10/2009 6:42:09 ]
Linux and UNIX whois command help
The Registry database contains ONLY .COM, .NET, .ORG, .EDU domains
and
Registrars.
Related commands
who
Search
http://www.computerhope.com/unix/uwhois.htm[20/10/2009 6:42:09 ]
Winipcfg information and help
Other Pages
Home WINIPCFG
Site map Information about the winipcfg command.
Computer help
Dictionary
News Index
Q&A Quick links Availability
What's new Category:
About winipcfg The winipcfg program is available Network
Tools Availability in:
Information Companies:
E-mail this page Windows 95 Microsoft
Print Preview ABOUT WINIPCFG Windows 98
Edit this page Windows ME Related Pages:
The winipcfg command allows a Windows NT
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Driver Version information such as the IP Windows 2000 and Windows XP
Free Drivers address, Subnet Mask, Default do not utilize this command. No specific drivers
IP Changer Gateway, DHCP Server, WINS Users using these operating for this topic.
WIN98 Drivers Server, etc... systems will need to use the
See Drivers Page
ipconfig command instead. for complete listing
of drivers.
INFORMATION
Resolved
To run the program, click Start / Run and type "winipcfg" in the run
line. This should open the winipcfg window similar to the below Were you able
picture. to locate the
answer to your
questions?
Yes
No
If more than one type of adapter is present in the computer, use the
drop down window to see the other adapters' information. In the above
information, we are displaying the PPP adapter's information, which
would be the Dialup or Modem Internet connection information. If you
were currently connected on the Internet, you should have a value
http://www.computerhope.com/winipcfg.htm[20/10/2009 6:42:32 ]
Winipcfg information and help
Clicking More Info will display all of the available network related
information. Below is an example of what is displayed when clicking
the More Info button and changing our adapter to our Network adapter.
As illustrated in the above picture, you can clearly see that displaying
more info will allow you to display much more valuable information
about the network. In the above example, we are displaying the 3Com
3C90x Ethernet Adapter on our Network Adapter card. As seen, we can
verify the IP address of the network card as well as any other pertinent
information about the network adapter.
Search
http://www.computerhope.com/winipcfg.htm[20/10/2009 6:42:32 ]
External command
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External command
Computer help
Dictionary A MS-DOS command that is not included in command.com. External Index
News commands are commonly external either because they require large
Q&A requirements and/or are not commonly used commands. Below are Category:
What's new examples of MS-DOS external commands currently listed in the Dictionary
Computer Hope database.
Tools Related Pages:
E-mail this page
Append Fasthelp Pathping Taskkill
Arp Fc Ping Telnet E - Definitions
Print Preview
Edit this page Assign Fdisk Power Tracert
At Find Print Tree Resolved
Ads by Google Attrib Format Reg Undelete
External Backup FTP Route Unformat Were you able
Cacls Gpupdate Runas Xcopy to locate the
Windows Repair
Chcp Graftabl Scandisk answer to your
ScanDisk
Chkdsk Help Scanreg questions?
Hard Drive
Chkntfs Hostname Setver
Choice Ipconfig Sfc Yes
Cipher Label Share No
Comp Loadfix Shutdown
Compact logoff Smartdrv
Convert Mem Sort
Debug Mode Subst
Defrag More Sys
Delpart Msav Systeminfo
Deltree Msbackup
Diskcomp Mscdex
Diskcopy Mscdexnt
Doskey Mwbackup
Dosshell Msd
Dumpchk Nbtstat
Edit Net
Edlin Netsh
Expand Netstat
Extract Nlsfunc
Nslookup
Many of the external commands are located in the Windows\system32 or
Winnt\system32 directories. If you need to locate the external file in
order to delete it, rename it or replace it, you can also find the file
through MS-DOS. Additional information about finding a file in MS-DOS
can be found on document CH000309.
http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htm[20/10/2009 6:56:55 ]
External command
Computer Hope cannot and will not provide any user with a
downloadable version of any of the above files. If you're looking for a
download, we suggest you look for alternative programs that perform
the same function as the above commands.
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http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/extecomm.htm[20/10/2009 6:56:55 ]
Domain Name System - DNS
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DNS
Computer help
Dictionary Short for Domain Name System or Domain Name Service, a DNS is an Index
News Internet or other type of network server that helps to point domain
Q&A names or the hostname to their associated IP address that was Category:
What's new introduced by Paul Mockapetris and Jon Postel in 1984. If a domain Dictionary
name is not found within the local database, the server may query other
Tools domain servers to obtain the address of a domain name. Related Pages:
E-mail this page D - Definitions
Print Preview For example, when a user is accessing the Computer Hope domain a
Edit this page user would enter the easy to remember domain: computerhope.com.
When entered that domain name is looked up on a Domain Name System Resolved
Ads by Google to translate that name into an IP address that can be better understood
Domain DNS by computer, e.g. 69.72.169.241. Using that IP address the computers Were you able
can then find the computer containing the Computer Hope web page to locate the
DNS Check
and forward that information to your computer. answer to your
DNS Lookup
questions?
Domain 21
Without a computer or server that could resolve a domain name or
without the rights you'd have to know the IP address of each of the web Yes
pages or computers you wanted to access. No
Search
http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/d/dns.htm[21/10/2009 8:01:26 ]