School year 2014-2015 Prof.

Rachid SLIOUAT

Linking words or Linkers can be used to express

Purpose, Cause and effect, Addition and Concession,
etc.
1
We use Addition Linkers when we want to join
Expressing Addition
ideas that are related to the same topic or theme.

And too as well as as well not only but also

In addition Moreover Also Furthermore Along with etc.

EXAMPLES
And
Alice is hardworking and smart. As well as
Liz speaks English as well as Spanish.
Too
Alice is hardworking .He is smart too. Not only .. but also
Alice is not only hardworking but also smart.
As well
Maserati is not only comfortable but also strong.
Alice is hardworking. He is smart as well.

Also In addition Moreover Furthermore .

Alice is hardworking. He is also smart. Educated women work outside their homes.
Alice is hardworking. Also, He is smart.
Moreover, they take care for their children.

2
We use Concession Linkers to express
Expressing Concession opposition between two ideas.

However Though Although Even though Despite In spite

of Nonetheless Nevertheless Yet etc.

Although They can be used at the beginning

Though Though/ Although/ + Subject + Verb
or in the middle of a sentence.
Even though
Example: - Although he has money, he refuses to buy his students book.
- He refuses to buy his students book although he has money.

Despite Despite + a noun They can be used at the beginning

In spite of In spite of + Verb + -ing or in the middle of a sentence.

Example: - Despite the rain, we played football. - We played football despite the rain.
- In spite of being tired, I played football. - I played football in spite of being tired.
However Yet
They are usually placed in Example: - Some Moroccan women are illiterate.
Nevertheless
Nonetheless the mid of the sentence. However, they benefit from pictures in magazines
 EXERCIES

1- Re-write the sentences using the linkers given.

a- She knew how to drive. She said she did not. e- Tom had a serious accident. He did not give up his habit.
Although Though .
. .
b- She arrived two hours late. She did not apologize. f- Liz needed help. She did not ask for any.
Despite .. Although .
. g- Amine failed all his exams. She has no intention to
c- Alice needs money. He doesnt work. study.
Although Despite
. .
d- Alan had money. He refused to buy the kid ice-creams. h- It was raining. We decided to play football.
In spite of ... Although
.

2- Complete the sentences using the following linkers: 3- Re-write the sentences using the linkers
However despite In spite of despite although Even though given.
a- We decided to walk even though it was
a- We had a great time ... the rain. raining. (In spite of)
c- We had a great time . it rained all the weekend. ..
d- .. I was invited to the party, I did not go.

c- I can understand Italian. ., I cant speak it very well. b- Ifrane is a very great place to visit, but it is
very cold these days. (Despite)
d- I have never been in Argentina, ... having relatives there.
.

EXERCIES
1- Re-write the sentences using the linkers given.
a- She knew how to drive. She said she did not. e- Tom had a serious accident. He did not give up his habit.
Although Though .
. .
b- She arrived three hours late. She did not apologize. f- Liz needed help. She did not ask for any.
Despite .. Although .
. g- Amine failed all his exams. She has no intention to
c- Alice needs money. He doesnt work. study.
Although Despite
. .
d- Alan had money. He refused to buy the kid ice-creams. h- It was raining. We decided to play football.
In spite of ... Although
.

2- Complete the sentences using the following linkers: 3- Re-write the sentences using the linkers
However despite In spite of despite although Even though given.
a- We decided to walk even though it was
a- We had a great time ... the rain.
raining. (In spite of)
c- We had a great time . it rained all the weekend. ..
d- .. I was invited to the party, I did not go.

c- I can understand Italian. ., I cant speak it very well. b- Ifrane is a very great place to visit, but it is
d- I have never been in Argentina, ... having relatives there. very cold these days. (Despite)

.