Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PowerStation 4.0
User Guide
Copyright 2001
Operation Technology, Inc.
All Rights Reserved
This manual has copyrights by Operation Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. Under the
copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of
Operation Technology, Inc. The Licensee may copy portions of this documentation only for the
exclusive use of Licensee. Any reproduction shall include the copyright notice. This exception
does not allow copies to be made for other persons or entities, whether or not sold. Under this
law, copying includes translating into another language.
Certain names and/or logos used in this document may constitute trademarks, service marks, or
trade names of Operation Technology, Inc. or other entities.
Access, Excel, ODBC, SQL Server, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows Me, Windows
98, Windows XP, and Microsoft Word are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
AutoCad is a registered trademark of Autodesk.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation.
PowerPlot is a registered trademark of Jackson & Associates.
Crystal Reports is a registered trademark of Seagate Software.
MATLAB and Simulink are registered trademarks of MathWorks
Screen shot(s) reprinted by permission from Microsoft Corporation.
Operation Technology, Inc. believes that the information contained herein is accurate as of its
publication date, and such information is subject to change without notice. This information is
provided as is without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not
limited to the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-
infringement. Operation Technology, Inc. assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in
this publication or any other documents referenced in this publication.
PowerStation provides a fully Graphical User Interface (GUI) for constructing your one-line diagram.
Here you can graphically add, delete, relocate, connect elements, zoom in or out, display grid off or on,
change element size, change element orientation, change symbols, hide or show protective devices, enter
properties, set operating status, etc.
When you create a new one-line diagram presentation, you will be placed in Edit mode with the
configuration status set to default, which is called Normal. The grid and Continuity Check are also
switched off. When you open (activate) an existing one-line diagram presentation, it opens with the
attributes, which were saved last, i.e., mode (Edit, Load Flow, Short-Circuit, Motor Starting, etc.),
configuration status, display options, view size, and view location.
When you create a new project, a one-line diagram presentation is automatically created with an ID
(name) equal to the ID of the default one-line diagram, appended with a unique number. To create a new
one-line diagram presentation in an existing project, right-click on One-Line Diagrams in the Project
View, as shown below.
The ID (name) of a one-line diagram presentation can be changed either from the Project View (expand
the presentations tree, right-click on One-Line Diagram, and select properties), or by double-clicking in
the background of the one-line diagram presentation.
PowerStations one-line diagram is a one-line representation of a balanced three-phase system. The one-
line diagram is the starting point for all studies. You can graphically construct your electrical system by
connecting the buses, branches, motors, generators, and protective devices in any order from the One-
Line Diagram Edit Toolbar. You can connect the elements to the buses graphically or from their editors.
You can double-click on elements to open their editors and edit the engineering properties, which include
ratings, settings, loading, connection, etc. The defaults for each element can be modified before placing
elements in the one-line diagram to minimize the data entry.
Click
Place the mouse cursor on an object or button, and then click the left mouse button. Click is used to
select an element in the one-line diagram, add elements from the toolbars, etc.
Right-Click
Place the mouse cursor on the object, and then click the right mouse button. For example, right-
clicking on an element in the one-line diagram brings up a menu.
Double-Click
Place the mouse cursor on an object or button, and then click the left mouse button twice rapidly. For
example, a double-click on an element inside a one-line diagram brings up the property editor for that
element. For composite networks and motors, double-clicking brings up the nested one-line diagram for
that composite element.
<Ctrl> + Click
Place the mouse cursor on the object, then, while pressing the <Ctrl> key down, click the left mouse
button. Use <Ctrl> + click to select or deselect one-line diagram elements.
Drag
Place the mouse cursor on an element, click and hold the left button down, drag the mouse to the
required position while keeping the left button down, then release the left button to place the element.
Rubber-Band
The mouse cursor should not be on any element; click and hold the left button down. Drag the mouse
to the required position while keeping the left button down, and then release the left button. You will see
a rectangle marked with dotted lines indicating the area that you have selected. This is used for selecting
a group of elements.
When you add an element, it is initialized with the default values. You can modify the default values for
each element by either selecting Defaults from the menu bar or from the components list in the Project
View.
To add an element to your one-line diagram, click on any button on the Edit Toolbar, which changes the
cursor shape to the elements picture. Now you can drag and drop that element in any position on the
one-line diagram by clicking the mouse. After dropping the element, the cursor goes back to its original
arrow shape. If you double-click on the Edit Toolbar, you can drop multiple copies of the same element
in the one-line diagram.
Rules
Elements can be added only in Edit mode, i.e., they CANNOT be added in any study mode.
Elements can be added when Base Data is active, i.e., they CANNOT be added when any Revision
Data is active.
To select an element, click the left mouse button while the cursor (arrow shape) is on top of the element.
When an element is selected, it is shown in red. To select multiple elements, you either press
<Ctrl>+click to add or delete elements to the selected group, or rubber-band a group of elements.
To rubber-band a group of elements, click the left mouse button where there is no element and drag the
mouse. It will show you a dotted rectangle. When the mouse is released, all elements completely inside
the rectangle will turn red.
To select a group of elements, rubber-band the elements or the whole one-line diagram. <Ctrl>+Click to
select other elements or deselect elements from the rubber-banded group.
When an element is selected, its color is shown in red. Deselected AC elements are displayed in black
and DC elements in blue.
Continuity
Mode Element Check Condition Color Comment
All AC Device On Energized Black Including motors,
All AC Device On De-Energized Gray loads, and branch
All AC Device Off Any Black ckts.
Sources (synchronous generator, power grid, and battery) have one pin.
Loads (synchronous motors, induction machines, DC motors, static loads, MOVs, capacitors, filters,
etc.) have one pin.
Branches (two-winding transformers, lines, cables, impedances, reactors, etc.), protective devices
(high & low voltage circuit breakers, fuses), and relays have two pins.
Three-winding, potential, and current transformers have three pins.
Switching devices have two pins.
Double-throw switches have three pins.
Overcurrent relays and ammeters have two pins.
Voltmeters, voltage relays, and frequency relays have one pin.
Composite motors have one pin.
Composite networks have up to 20 (4, 8,12,16, & 20) pins.
Converters (DC converters, chargers, inverters) have two pins.
Buses are considered to be one long pin (continuous pins along their length).
Place the cursor on the pin of an element. Click and drag the mouse to the element you want to
connect. When the latter elements pin turns red, release the left button.
Drag & drop a protective device with its pin placed on top of the pin of any branch or load element.
Drag & drop a protective device onto a connection.
Branches CANNOT be connected to each other; PowerStation automatically inserts a bus between
them.
Branches CANNOT be connected to loads, utilities, composite motors, and composite networks.
In this example, a circuit breaker and fuse are inserted between Bus1 and T1.
Rules
Elements can be cut in Edit mode only when Base Data is active.
Elements have to be selected before cutting.
To cut a connection, the connection has to be selected (click on it).
When a protective device in a connecting path is cut, the connector remains intact.
Hidden protective devices become visible when a connector is cut.
Section 1 and section 2 of the Remote Connector must be cut at the same time.
When an element or group of elements is placed in the Dumpster, PowerStation forms a new Dumpster
Cell to hold them. PowerStation assigns the name of the Dumpster Cell. When you cut an element or a
group of elements, they are deleted from the one-line diagram and placed in the Dumpster with the same
ID. The connections, properties, and status of the deleted elements are preserved.
Copy
Elements, along with their connectors, can be copied into the Dumpster by one of three methods:
Rules
Elements can be copied in Edit mode only when Base Data is active
Elements CANNOT be copied in a Revision Data
You CANNOT copy a connector with hidden protective devices
Section 1 and section 2 of the Remote Connector must be copied at the same time.
When an element or group of elements is placed in the Dumpster, PowerStation forms a new Dumpster
Cell to hold them. PowerStation assigns the name of the Dumpster Cell. When you copy an element or
group of elements, they get copied into the Dumpster with new IDs. The connections, properties, and
status of the duplicated elements in the Dumpster are preserved.
Paste
Use the Paste command to copy the selected cell from the Dumpster into the one-line diagram. Elements
can be pasted from the Dumpster by three methods:
Right-click on the one-line diagram and select Paste at the cursor location
Click on Edit in the menu bar and select Paste at the cursor location
Click on the Paste button on the Project Toolbar to paste at the top left corner of the one-line diagram
Rules
Paste can be done only in Edit mode when the Base Data is active.
Paste CANNOT be done if there are no Cells (element groups) in the Dumpster.
Paste will copy the active Dumpster Cell into the one-line diagram. You can change the active Cell
by opening the Dumpster presentation (from the Project View) and clicking on the Cell ID. When
you cut or copy elements to the Dumpster, the newly created Dumpster Cell becomes the active Cell.
Dumpster Cells are not deleted after pasting.
You cannot copy part of a Dumpster Cell; the entire contents of a Cell are pasted.
You can paste the contents of any Dumpster Cell into any Composite Network. However, you cannot
paste Cells that contain buses and branches into Composite Motors.
Section 1 and section 2 of the Remote Connector must be pasted at the same time.
When you paste a Dumpster Cell, it gets copied into the one-line diagram with a new ID. The
connections, properties, and status of the pasted elements are preserved.
Rules
Move From Dumpster can be done only in Edit mode when Base Data is active.
Move CANNOT be done if there are no Cells (element groups) in the Dumpster.
When you move a Dumpster Cell to the one-line diagram, the desired Cell needs to be active and it
gets deleted from the Dumpster after being moved.
You can move any Dumpster Cell you desire by making it active from the Dumpster presentation.
When you cut or copy elements to the Dumpster, the newly created Dumpster Cell becomes the active
Cell.
You cannot move part of a Dumpster Cell; the entire contents of a Cell are moved.
You can move any Dumpster Cell into any Composite Network. However, you cannot move Cells
that contain buses and branches into a Composite Motor.
Section 1 and section 2 of the Remote Connector must be moved from the dumpster at the same time.
When you move the contents of a Dumpster Cell into the one-line diagram, the IDs of the moved
elements, along with the connections, status, and properties are preserved.
Element Symbol
There are two graphic symbols (ANSI & IEC) available for one-line diagram elements. The symbols for
some elements, such as buses, are the same for both standards. Symbols can be set for newly added
elements or changed for any existing element.
Element Rotation
To change the orientation of an element you need to right-click on the element to bring up a menu. Use
the Orientation command, then select one of the orientations (0, 90, 180, or 270).
Rules
When an element is added, its orientation is based on the system default as follows:
Buses are added at 0 degrees
Composite networks are added at 90 degrees and do not rotate
Protective devices are added or inserted based on the orientation of the connections
All other elements are added at 90 degrees
Status can be changed by using the right-click menu or from the editor.
Protective devices can be hidden (not visible in the one-line diagram) individually or in groups.
Select one or more protective devices, right-click on the background, then select Hide All PDs to hide all
selected protective devices.
Rules
A protective device with one end open (one pin not connected to any element) cannot be hidden.
You CANNOT copy a one-line diagram with hidden protective devices.
A potential transformer (PT) can be hidden only if both pins located on the primary (line) side of the
PT are connected to elements
If a one-line diagram with hidden protective devices is cut or deleted, the protective devices will be
visible in the Dumpster.
Protective devices CANNOT be hidden in the Dumpster.
Protective devices can be hidden or visible regardless of their status.
After selecting one or more connectors with hidden protective devices, right-click anywhere on the one-
line diagram where there is no element, then click on Show All PDs.
Sometimes there are two or more hidden protective devices on one connection. If you decrease the length
of the connection, then the hidden protective devices are shown as two small, red diamonds next to each
other. In this case, if you repeat one of the above methods, it will make all the protective devices visible
on this connection. To avoid this, stretch the connection by separating the two elements connected to
these protective devices.
You can use the right-click menu to change a bus to a node or vice versa.
Right-click on a Bus to open the menu and use the Node command.
To change from Node to Bus, right-click on the node in the one-line diagram. Deselect Node to
change to Bus.
Old Composite Network Network1 with top pin connected to bus Sub3
You can replace the old composite networks with the new ones by following these steps:
The external pins and internal pins are the same points. They represent the connecting points of the
composite network to the outside and inside.
The internal pin of the composite network is the starting point for the composite network internal
connection. This element graphically represents the connecting point of the composite network to the
outside system. This connecting point is not considered as an element for studies.
When you open a composite network for the first time, all pins are shown in their relative positions. You
can move these internal pins anywhere inside the composite network. If there is an external connection to
a pin, the ID of the connected element is displayed. If there is no external bus connection, the pins
indicate its position (Left1, Rt5, Bot, etc.). If there is an external connection, the ID of the externally
connected element is displayed.
You can hide the uncounted internal pins by using the right-click menu and selecting Hide Unconnected
Pins.
You may place composite networks anywhere on a one-line diagram or within other composite networks.
These nested composite networks are part of the overall one-line diagram of the system. All studies that
are run include all the elements and connections nested within all composite networks and composite
motors.
Note that when you are working with a particular one-line diagram presentation, display attributes of
composite networks and composite motors are saved along with the one-line diagram presentations, i.e.,
composite networks are treated the same as the one-line diagram.
You can change the ID to any unique 12-character name from the Composite Network Editor.
The following steps are used to move a subsystem (group of elements and connections) from the one-line
diagram to a composite network:
Select the desired elements including their connections using rubber band and <Ctrl>+click
Press Delete to cut the elements into a Dumpster Cell
Activate the composite network by double-clicking on it
Right-click inside the composite network and select Move From
The elements you can include inside the DC Composite Motors are:
The number of levels that you can nest composite motors inside composite motors is unlimited.
Composite motors have 2 single pins that can be connected externally to buses only, i.e., directly
connected to buses or indirectly through protective devices. Internally, this pin looks and behaves like the
external bus. Other than this limitation and the types of elements that you can include inside a composite
motor, the user interface characteristics of composite motors are the same as composite networks.
Here is an example of composite motor Mtr C1, which is connected to bus MCC 1 inside the composite
network Sub2.
AC Composite Motor Mtr C1 with four motors, one static load, and one composite motor
6.2.1 AC Page
This page includes options for displaying info annotations for AC elements.
Color
Select the color for information annotations to be displayed on the one-line diagram.
ID
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the ID of the selected AC elements on the one-line
diagram.
Rating
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the ratings of the selected AC elements on the one-
line diagram.
kV
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the rated or nominal voltages of the selected
elements on the one-line diagram.
For cables/lines, the kV check box is replaced by the button. Click on this button to display the
cable/line conductor type on the one-line diagram.
A
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the ampere ratings (continuous or full-load ampere)
of the selected elements on the one-line diagram.
For cables/lines, the Amp check box is replaced by the button. Click on this button to display the
cable/line length on the one-line diagram.
Z
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the rated impedance of the selected AC elements on
the one-line diagram.
D-Y
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the connection types of the selected elements on the
one-line diagram.
For transformers, the operating tap settings for primary, secondary, and tertiary windings are also
displayed. The operating tap setting consists of the fixed taps plus the tap position of the LTC.
Grid Size
Enter the size of the one-line diagram grid.
Color
Select the color for information annotations to be displayed on the one-line diagram.
ID
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the IDs of the selected AC-DC elements on the one-
line diagram.
Rating
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the ratings of the selected AC-DC elements on the
one-line diagram.
kV
Click on the check boxes under this heading to display the rated or nominal voltages of the selected
elements on the one-line diagram.
A
Click on the check boxes under this heading to display the ampere ratings of the selected elements on the
one-line diagram.
Composite Network
Click on this check box to display the composite network IDs on the one-line diagram, then select the
color in which the IDs will be displayed.
6.2.2 DC Page
This page includes options for displaying info annotations for DC elements.
Color
Select the color for information annotations to be displayed on the one-line diagram.
ID
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the IDs of the selected DC elements on the one-line
diagram.
Rating
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the ratings of the selected DC elements on the one-
line diagram.
kV
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the rated or nominal voltages of the selected
elements on the one-line diagram.
For cables, the kV check box is replaced by the button. Click on this button to display the conductor
type on the one-line diagram.
A
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the ampere ratings of the selected elements on the
one-line diagram.
For cables, the Amp check box is replaced by the button. Click on this button to display the cable
length (one way) on the one-line diagram.
Z
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the impedance values of the cables and impedance
branches on the one-line diagram.
Composite Motor
Click on this check box to display the DC composite motor IDs on the one-line diagram, then select the
color in which the IDs will be displayed.
Color
Select the color for information annotations to be displayed on the one-line diagram.
ID
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the listed elements ID on the one-line diagram.
Rating
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the listed elements ratings on the one-line diagram.
kV
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the listed elements voltages in kV on the one-line
diagram. For cables/lines the rating check box is replaced by button. Click-on this button to display
the cable/line conductor type on the one-line diagram.
A
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the listed elements ampere ratings on the one-line
diagram. For cables/lines the rating check box is replaced by button. Click-on this button to display
the cable/line length on the one-line diagram.
Z
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the listed elements impedance values on the one-line
diagram.
D-Y
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the listed elements connection type on the one-line
diagram.
Grid Size
Enter a size for the one-line diagram grid to be displayed. The default size is 16. Larger numbers will
produce larger areas inside each grid block.
ID
Select the font type, style, and size to display all IDs selected in display options.
Ratings
Select the font type, style, and size to display all ratings selected in display options.
Voltage
Select the font type, style, and size to display all voltages selected in display options.
Impedance
Select the font type, style, and size to display all impedance selected in display options.
Current
Select the font type, style, and size to display all currents selected in display options.
Delta-Y
Select the font type, style, and size to display all connection types selected in display options.
Bus kV & A
Select the font type, style, and size to display study results selected in their respective display options
such as bus operating voltages for load flow studies and bus short-circuit currents for short-circuit
analysis
Branch
Select the font type, style, and size to display all branch flows selected in their respective display options.
For three-winding transformers, the arrow indicates the positive direction of the real power flow (kW),
i.e., positive kW can be going into or coming out from each winding. However, in the output reports the
printed power flow values indicate flows from the From Bus to the To Bus.
A three-winding transformer may be represented as a star or a delta circuit in the calculation modules.
In the ANSI Short-Circuit Device Duty calculation, a three-winding transformer is represented as a star
circuit. A center bus is added to the system that takes the transformer ID as its bus ID and the primary
winding kV as its nominal kV. In this case, the output report prints the short-circuit current contributions
between the three terminal buses and the center bus.
Contributions
=========================
From Bus To Bus
ID ID
------------ ------------
Bus P Total
XFMR 1 Bus P
Bus S XFMR 1
Bus T XFMR 1
For the above example, the following fault current contributions are printed for a fault at Bus P.
Bus P Bus T
Bus S Bus T
In all the other calculation modules, a three-winding transformer is represented as a delta circuit. The
printed power flows (or currents) are reported between two of the three terminal buses of the transformer.