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ZONE 2 (100 % impedance of the protected feeder + 50% impedance of the adjacent shortest feeder) (19.62% OF Auto
Z 2 Py 0.591 10.175 10.192
Z 2 Sy 0.325 5.596 5.606
Zo Py 9.974 40.217 41.435
Z0 Sy 5.486 22.119 22.789
ZONE 3 ( 100 % impedance of the protected feeder + 36% impedance of the adjacent longest feeder) (95.38% of Auto T
Z 3 Py 1.352 23.269 23.308
Z 3 Sy 0.744 12.798 12.819
Z0 Py 22.809 91.971 94.757
Z0 Sy 12.545 50.584 52.116
ZONE 4 ( 25 % of Zone 1 impedance)
Z 4 Py 0.032 0.543 0.544
Z4 SY 0.017 0.298 0.299
Z0 Py 0.532 2.145 2.210
z0 Sy 0.293 1.180 1.215
THETA
86.675
86.675
76.072
76.072
86.675
86.675
76.072
76.072
-10.603
-10.603
-10.603
-10.603
72.656
86.675
-14.019
72.656
86.675
-14.019
72.656
86.675
-14.019
72.656
86.675
-14.019
The resistive reach is calculated with 85 % of rated voltage and 50 % of over loading
condition and the power factor may be greater than 30 deg.
Z load Py = 0.85*400 KV
3*1.5*D5 A
= 67.111
Zload Sy = 36.911
So the max resistive reach (Right Blinder) for phase fault distance
Rph max = Zload min-0.4*Zloadmin
= 22.147
Maximum Resistive reach (Right Blinder) for Ground fault distance
RG max = Zload min-0.2*Zloadmin
= 29.529
Delta R= 10-30% of R3ph 0.82 I max Line > Phase Current threshold
(We take 30%) Min Setting = 1.2 * Max Power Swing current
Delta X= 10-30% of R3ph 0.82 Max. Power Swing current = 2 * In = 2*1A=2A
(We take 30%) Min Setting = 2.4 Amps
Zload Sy = 36.91
PSB
Delta R Delta X
0.82 0.82
*** Note Z3 is more than Zload Sy so Z3 Can be set to less than Zload Sy
K value in
Polar
0.4964819 7.111396
0.4964819 7.111396
0.4964819 7.111396
0.4964819 7.111396
The ground resistive limiters cross the R-axis with an angle equal to arg(Z1n).
- Directional line angle: it is equal to the setting (Quadrilateral Characteristic Directional Line Angle) plu
Consolidated Settings
SUBSTATION NAME OTTIYABAKKAM 400/230/110KV SS
FEEDER NAME 400KV KALIVANTHAPATTU #
CT RATIO 2000.00
PT RATIO 3636.36
CT/PT RATIO FACTOR 0.5500
Total Distance of Protected # in KM 26.811
Zone Settings R X Z THETA
Z1 Sy 0.1734 2.9846 2.9896 86.6747
Z 2 Sy 0.3252 5.5961 5.6056 86.6747
Z 3 Sy 0.7436 12.7978 12.8193 86.6747
Z4 SY 0.0173 0.2985 0.2990 86.6747
Total Line Impedence (SY) 0.2168 3.7308 3.7370 86.6747
Zload Sy = 36.91
PSB
Delta R Delta X
0.82 0.82
*** Note Z3 is more than Zload Sy so Z3 Can be set to less than Zload Sy
K value in
Polar
0.4964819 7.111396
0.4964819 7.111396
0.4964819 7.111396
0.4964819 7.111396
The ground resistive limiters cross the R-axis with an angle equal to arg(Z1n).
- Directional line angle: it is equal to the setting (Quadrilateral Characteristic Directional Line Angle) plu
Sub Station OTTIYABAKKAM 400/230/110KV SS
Feeder 400KV KALIVANTHAPATTU #
System Voltage 230 KV
Fault MVA 3Ph 10714 MVA
Fault MVA 1Ph 7539 MVA
CT RATIO 1200 1A
PT RATIO 230000 110 V
Line Imp IN Primary 6.794623 Ohms
Line Current Carring Capacity 855 A LINE 855 0.7125
CT/PT RATIO 0.573913 CABLE 855 0.7125
PH-PH E/F
KV^2/MVA
Source Imp
4.937465 Ohms 7.016846 Ohms
Total Imp 11.73209 Ohms 13.81147 Ohms
KV^2/Total Imp
Fault MVA at end of the line
4509.001 MVA 3830.15 MVA
Fault Current 11318.91 A 9614.796 A
Relay Plug setting 100% 1200 A 40% 480
9.432426 20.03083
Setting Multiplier
9.432426 20
Time Required 1 sec 200msec + ZONE 3 TIME
TLS 0.327897 0.33 0.441042 0.44
rth Fault
Actual py ct (A)
960
1920
2400
3840
4800
9600
| | Power Swing Detector in GE D60
Zone reach Resistive reach
Fwd Reach = Zone 3 Reach + 0.1 of Zone 3 Reach 14.10 0.82
Quad Fwd Out = 1.2 times of Fwd Reach 16.92 0.98
Inner Rgt Bld = Rph (Z3)+ 0.1 of Rph (Z3) 3.00 3.00
Outer Rgt Bld = 1.2 times of Inner Rgt Bld 3.60 3.60
Inner Lft Bld = Z3 left Bld + 0.1 of Z3 left Bld 1.10 1.10
Outer Lft Bld = 1.2 times of Inner lft Bld 1.32 1.32
Rev Reach = Zone 4 Reach + 0.1 of Zone 4 Reach 0.33 0.02
Quad Rev Out = 1.2 times of Rev Reach 0.39 0.02
Note
1. Z3 Left Bld assumed as 1
2. All Mid assumed as 0.1
ld assumed as 1.0
FAULT LEVEL IN MVA
Phase Phase
Name of the Substations
Fault level Fault level
1.Ottiyambakkam 400/230/110 KV SS
400 KV 16406 7404
230 KV 10714 7539
110 KV 4771 3536