Grammar-Translation Direct Audio-lingual

Method/ Approach method method method

Also known as
Issued
People behind this method
Purpose(s)
Goal
Skills that being developed
Teachers role
Students role
The most important thing to
learn
The learning processes 1) 1) 1)
include
Situation of learning process
Language using
Assessment
Getting correct answer
Techniques of teaching
learning

Silent Way Desuggestopedia Community Language Learning

Method/ Approach innovative method method method
Also known as - the application of affective-humanistic approach the application of counseling-learning approach
Issued In the early 1970s - -
People behind this method Caleb Gattegno Georgi Lozanov, Evelyna Gateva Charles A. Curran
Purpose(s) help the students to transfer what they know about a help the students eliminate any negative feeling that may build a good relationship with the students and among
certain language to new contexts by giving any help appear during the learning process and overcome any the students that they will be one community where they
if necessary, focusing the students perceptions, barriers by creating a relaxing atmosphere can share any learning experiences in it
fostering their autonomy, and providing exercises
Goal students are able to use the target language as a students can use the full mental power that they have to students are able to learn how to use the target language
tool to express themselves learn and finally master a language communicatively, know what kind of learners they are, be
responsible for their learning process, and learn from
others
Skills that being developed S, R, W reinforce one another speaking, reading, writing understanding and speaking (R&W to reinforce)
Teachers role the technician the authority which desuggests the students a counselor
Students role to be more active to be more active after they already trust and respect the passive (dependent) move to active
teacher
The most important thing to the sounds of the language (pronunciation) vocabulary (in dialogues &compositions) grammar points, pronunciation patterns, vocabulary used
learn in the conversation
The learning processes 2) learning the sounds, spelling, how to read and 2) looking at several posters which are displayed around 2) having a conversation using native language &
include pronounce words the classroom with certain topic for a time learning some chunks related to the conversation
3) focusing attention to the language structures 3) pretending to be someone else

Situation of learning process
Language using
Assessment
Getting correct answer
Techniques of teaching
learning
student-centered
native language is only used to give instruction &
feedback, improve pronunciation, exploit any
knowledge
all the time
errors are natural & parts of learning so self-
correction/ pair correction is encouraged; teacher
corrects if nobody can correct
sound-color chart, teachers silence, peer correction,
rods, self-correction gestures, word chart, Fidel
chart, structured feedback
4) working on some dialogues (translate, a drama,
games, songs, Q&A exercises)
quite teacher-centered
native language is used if necessary (to make the meaning
of some words in the dialog clearer)
all the time but not through a formal test
errors are corrected gently
classroom set-up, peripheral learning, positive suggestion,
choose a new identity, role play, active and passive
concerts, primary activation, creative adaptation
3) working on the chunks (grammar point,
pronunciation, creating sentences)
teacher-student-centered
native language (to make the meaning of some words
clearer and build a bridge for deepen the students
understanding) translated to target language
integrative test (write paragraph/ interview), self-
evaluation
teacher will give the correct ones by repeating directly
what the students have said incorrectly
tape recording student conversation, transcription,
reflection on experience, reflective listening, Human
Computer , small group tasks

Total Physical Response Communicative

Method/ Approach method
Also known as the application of comprehension approach
Issued -
People behind this method James Asher
Purpose(s) help the learners to minimize stress by asking them to
follow any instructions uttered by the instructor
Goal students are able to communicate using the target
language by having enjoyable learning experiences
Skills that being developed Understanding through listening speaking
Teachers role an instructor/ a director
Students role 1st: imitators, 2nd: director replacing the teacher
The most important thing to learn vocabulary and grammatical structures of any
imperatives
The learning processes include 1) listening to some instructions 1)
2) acting out while observing others actions
3) working more on the written form of the
commands
4) asking the other students to follow certain
commands
Situation of learning process teacher-student-centered
Language using the target language (used in giving any instructions)
Assessment
Getting correct answer
Techniques of teaching learning
by commanding the students to perform certain
actions and work on any skits
teacher will repeat the command while acting it out or
wait until the students achieve certain level of
proficiency
using commands to direct behavior, role reversal,
action sequence