World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology

International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:7, No:2, 2013

Traffic Violation Detection System based on

RFID
S. Hajeb, M. Javadi, S. M. Hashemi, and P. Parvizi

Driving through a red light by mistake

AbstractRoad Traffic Accidents are a major cause of disability Cut across driveway to make turn
and death throughout the world. The control of intelligent vehicles in Parked in No Parking area
order to reduce human error and boost ease congestion is not Leaving vehicle in dangerous position
accomplished solely by the aid of human resources. The present
Speed under minimum
article is an attempt to introduce an intelligent control system based
on RFID technology. By the help of RFID technology, vehicles are
connected to computerized systems, intelligent light poles and other
available hardware along the way. In this project, intelligent control
International Science Index, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:7, No:2, 2013 waset.org/Publication/4193

system is capable of tracking all vehicles, crisis management and

control, traffic guidance and recording Driving offences along the
highway.

KeywordsRFID, Intelligent highway, Traffic violation

I. INTRODUCTION

T HE main types of Traffic Violations are Moving

Violations and Non-Moving Traffic Violations. Driving
offences involving fatalities are 'dangerous driving' and
'careless or inconsiderate driving'. A moving violation can
only be issued if the car is in motion. A person drives
dangerously when the way they drive falls far below the
minimum acceptable standard expected of a competent and
careful driver; and it would be obvious to a competent and
careful driver that driving in that way would be dangerous [1].
Some typical examples from court cases of dangerous
driving are:
Speeding, Racing, Weaving
Ignoring traffic lights, road signs
Overtaking dangerously Fig. 1 Traffic violation types
Knowing the vehicle has a dangerous fault or an unsafe
load II. THE RFID SYSTEM
Permitting to drive without valid license RFID is an electronic method of exchanging data over radio
Drove on wrong side of divided highway frequency waves. An RFID system is comprised of several
A person drives carelessly or inconsiderately when the way components including:
they drive falls below the minimum acceptable standard Antennas: Linear or Circular polarized.
expected of a competent and careful driver. Some examples of Readers: This is sometimes referred to as an interrogator.
careless driving are: Tags: This is sometimes referred to as a transponder.
Overtaking on the inside Software: This may also be referred as middleware.
Antenna: The antenna emits radio signals to activate the tag
Sahar Hajeb is with Islamic Azad University Science and Research and read and write data to it. Antennas are available in a
Branch. She is now with the Department of Mechatronics, Islamic Azad variety of shapes and sizes; they can be built into a doorframe
University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran (e-mail: to receive tag data from persons or things passing through the
s.hajeb@srbiau.ac.ir). door, or mounted on an interstate tollbooth to monitor traffic
Mehrdad Javadi is with Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch. He
is now with the Department of Mechatronics, Islamic Azad University South passing by on a freeway. Antennas can also be mounted on
Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran (e-mail: mjavadi@azad.ac.ir). mobile devices and under print heads.
Seyyed Mohsen Hashemi is with Computer Engineering Department Readers: Often the antenna is packaged with the transceiver
,Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran (e-
and decoder to become a reader, which can be configured
mail:hashemi@srbiau.ac.ir).
Peyman Parvizi is with Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch. He either as a handheld or a fixed-mount device. The reader emits
is now with the Department of Mechatronics, Islamic Azad University South radio waves in ranges of anywhere from one inch to 100 feet
Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran (e-mail: St_p_parvizi@azad.ac.ir )..

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 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:7, No:2, 2013
or more, depending upon its power output and the radio
frequency used. When an RFID tag passes through the
electromagnetic zone, it detects the readers activation signal.
The reader decodes the data encoded in the tags integrated
circuit (silicon chip) and the data is passed to the host
computer for processing.
Tags: There are a variety of RFID tag types. Selecting the
correct tag will be imperative to ensure a proper functioning
system.
A tag is comprised of:
Silicon chip: Integrated circuit (IC chip) that contains the
data.
Antenna: An antenna is attached to the chip in order to
receive and transmit its data.
Substrate: This is the paper or plastic film or housing that the
International Science Index, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:7, No:2, 2013 waset.org/Publication/4193
chip and antenna are mounted on.
RFID tags can be active, semi-passive (semi-active) or passive
[2].
Fig. 2 RFID types
Passive RFID tags have no internal power supply. The
minute electrical current induced in the antenna by the
incoming radio frequency signal provides just enough
power for the CMOS integrated circuit (IC) in the tag to
power up and transmit a response. Most passive tags
signal by backscattering the carrier signal from the reader.
This means that the antenna has to be designed to both
collect powers from the incoming signal and to transmit
the outbound backscatter signal.
Semi-passive RFID tags are very similar to passive tags
except for the addition of a small battery. This battery
allows the tag IC to be constantly powered. This removes
necessity the aerial to collect power from the incoming
signal. Therefore, Aerials can be optimized for the
backscattering signal. Semi-passive RFID tags are faster
in response and therefore stronger in reading ratio
compared to passive tags.
Active RFID tags or beacons, on the other hand, have
their own internal power source, which are used to power
any ICs and to generate the outgoing signal. They may
have longer range and larger memories than passive tags,
as well as the ability to store additional information sent
by the transceiver. To economize power consumption,
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 7(2) 2013
many beacon concepts are operated at fixed intervals [3].
Software: A consistent intelligent system requires consistent
components such as intelligent software for crisis
management, reporting and training the system for different
conditions. Therefore, genetic algorithm plays a significant
role. In this project, the genetic algorithm of artificial
intelligence or feedback is used. Genetic algorithms are one of
the best ways to solve a problem for which little is known.
They are a very general algorithm and so will work well in
any search space. All you need to know is what you need the
solution to be able to do well, and a genetic algorithm will be
able to create a high quality solution. Genetic algorithms use
the principles of selection and evolution to produce several
solutions to a given problem [4].
III. METHODOLOGY EMPLOYED
A. Intelligent Highway with RFID
The general process of the system is as the following: in the
mentioned system, all the vehicles are equipped with RFID.
Along the highway, intelligent light poles which are equipped
with RFID Reader, Solar Cells, etc. are used. In the entry and
exit points on highway, road sign readers are used for
activating/emitting record through local and global networks
with wireless technology to the central computer. Light poles
whose energy is provided through solar cells cover both sides
of the highway in the form of every three poles [5].
Fig. 3 Intelligent light pole
Cars and intelligent light poles sensors communicate with
together by Short Range Communications protocol. RFID and
wireless technologies allow vehicles to send and receive
information to intelligent light poles sensors on the highway.
Signals from vehicles will carry data such as car ID , position,
etc. on the other hand; signal from intelligent light poles, will
carry Data such as information about traffic conditions,
accidents, the weather, etc. For example if one car stops
suddenly or move in wrong direction, data center can send
information to intelligent light poles on the road [6], [7].
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 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:7, No:2, 2013

After analyzing the mentioned factors, if there is a problem

with the vehicle, it is guided to a suitable exit. While moving
along the highway, the vehicle constantly reports itself
through using communicative signals between the tags and the
present readers in the intelligent light poles.

Fig. 4 Lane detection

The operations conducted by the components of the system

are as the following:
Recording information on the vehicles tag while entering
the highway;
emitting signals through RFID to the intelligent light poles
International Science Index, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:7, No:2, 2013 waset.org/Publication/4193

along the highway;

disseminating information such as traffic guidance and
warning through the intelligent light poles to the cars along the
highway;
collecting the information of the cars along the way in the
particular installed places and disseminating them to the
central computer;
Removing the information off the vehicles tag while
leaving the highway and recording it in the vehicles records.

Fig. 6 Mechanism of system

B. Driving offences detection

The vehicle may fall under the following circumstances:
1. Stop mode
Detect: Parking in a No Parking Zone / Stop / Accident
If a signal is sent to an intelligent light pole from an area
out of parking space, a warning in a specified time will be sent
to the patrol units using software. Now if this stop has taken
place in the main lines of the road, or more than one signal is
emitted from the same area, the signal will be subsequently
sent to the emergency vehicles and the area police.

Fig. 5 Flowchart of system steps

In the first phase, all the vehicles that tend to move along
the highway pass under the installed readers on the road lines,
by which the vehicle is reported to the data center. Due to the
vehicle user type, either private or public, the following
operations are done:

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 7(2) 2013 292 scholar.waset.org/1999.8/4193
 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:7, No:2, 2013
International Science Index, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:7, No:2, 2013 waset.org/Publication/4193
Fig. 7 Detect Parking in a No Parking Zone / Stop / Accident
2. Horizontally: moving along one lane
Detect: Speeding / Speed under minimum / wrong way
In this case, the vehicle may fall under two situations [8]:
Moving along the right direction and in one lane
Moving along the counter direction: the reverse light pole
numbers appear on the tag.
Fig. 8 Speeding / Speed under minimum / wrong way
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 7(2) 2013
IV. CONCLUSION
Conducting the above project, the following data is being
sent to the data center:
The exact place of the vehicle and its direction
The vehicles just in time speed
Time and place of the accident
The exact place of the traffic congestion
Drivers status
The capacity of analyzing the data for the crisis stations
The capacity of recording the data history (as the input
feedback in the software)
The key point at stake in the correct analysis and
documented conclusion is the comprehensive and flawless
data in the decision making centers. According to the above
mentioned elements, two significant actions can be conducted.
A) Just in Time (JIT) decision making:
The just in time statistics and information makes any kind
of programming and altering method possible for the sake of
optimizing system.
B) Today, in most parts of the world, anticipating the
future and pre-programming leads to the augmentation of the
efficiency and placing the necessary equipment in the
necessary places. With paying little attention, it becomes
known that this method has less delay in comparison to JIT
method. For this purpose, through using the history of the past
and locating, the most of the future events can be predicted.
Consequently, by decreasing the time of delay, the efficiency
will certainly increase.
Some of the advantages of using this system are as the
following:
Increasing traffics safety
Decreasing the cost: such as traffic fatalities, financial
damages and fossil fuels
Decreasing delay time while entering and leaving the
highway
Decreasing traffic crimes
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