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SAT CHEMISTRY TEST

Note: For all questions invoiving solutions and/or chemicai equations, assume that the system is in pure water unless other-
wise stated.
Time: t hour
PartA

Directions: Each set of lettered choices below refers to the numbered questions or statements immediately following it.
Select the one lettered choice that best answers each question or best fits each statement, and then fill in the corresponding
oval on the answer sheet. A choice malz be used once. more than once. or not at all in each set.

Questions 1-5 Ouestions 11-15 refer to the following segments on the heating curue
for water:
(A) K
(B) Ca
(C) Br O
(D) Kr o

(E) Zn Fr

1. Which element has the smallest atomic radii?



c'3
tr
2. Which element has the highest electronegativity?
q
c)

c)
J. Which element has the largest electron affinity? -a-)

4. Which element has the largest first ionization energy?

5. Which element reacts most explosively in water?


time

11. Corresponds to 0'C when the pressure ofthe system is heid


constant at 1.0 atm.
Questions 6-10
t2_ The part ofthe curve that represents only the vapor phase when
(A) Nonpolar covalent substance the pressure ofthe system is held constant at 1.0 atm.
(B) Polar covalent substance
(C) Ionic substance 13 The part ofthe cuwe where the energy changes can be
(D) Metallic substance calculated using the formula e = rLC"u^ 7.
(E) Nobie gas 14. The part ofthe curve that represents the following chemical
equation:
b. Solid magnesium carbonate
HrO,", * HrO,u
7. Ammonia gas
15 The part ofthe curve that corresponds to the greatest change in
8. Tungsten filament the average kinetic energy ofthe molecules.

o Exists as cations with delocalized electrons

10. Emits energy in the form of bright red light when an electric
current is passed through a confined gaseous sample
SAT CHEMISTRY TEST-Continued

Questions 16-19 Questions 20-25 refer to the five tlpes of chemical reactions listr!{i
below:
(A) Miscibie
(B) Suspension (A) Decomposition
(C) Colloid (B) Synthesis
(D) Saturated (C) Combustion
(E) Supersaturated (D) Singie replacement
(E) Double replacement
16. Describes a solution that contains more solute than it should
theoretically be able to hoid at a given temperature. 20. Octane burns in air.

17. A mixture from which some of the solute particles will settle on 2r. T$o aqueous solutions are mixed and a precipitate is formed
standing.
22. A solid piece of silver metal reacts with oxygen in the air and
18. Describes a solution containing solute particles of intermediate tarnishes.
size that do not settle but do scatter light.
23. Al electric current is sent through a sample ofwater.
19. Describes a solution that is at equilibrium and contains the
24. An iron nail, solid iron metal, rusts.
maximum amount of solute for a given amount of solvent at
constant temperature and pressure. 25. A solid piece ofsodium reacts violently with water.
SAT CHEMISTRY TEST
PLEASE GO TO THE SPECIAL SECTION OFYOURANSWER SHEET I,ABELED CHEMISTRYAND ANSWER QUESTIONS
101-115 ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS:

Part B

Directions: Each question below consists of two statements, statement I in the left-hand column and statement II in the
right-hand column. For each question, determine whether statement I is true or false and whether statement II is true or
false and fill in the conesponding T or F ovals on your answer sheet. Fill in oval CE onhr if statement II is a correct explana-
tion of statement I.

Staienent I BECAUSE Slatement ll

After a period of time in a closed container, the rate An equilibrium will be established between a liquid and
101. of evaporation of a liquid will equal the rate of con- BECAUSE its vapor in a closed container held at constant temper-
densation. ature.

702. Water boils below 100"C at high altitudes. BECAUSE Atmospheric pressure varies inverseiy with altitude.

The temperature of a substance always increases as The average kinetic energy ofthe particles in the sys-
103. BECAUSE
heat energy is added to the system. tem increases with an increase in temperature.

104. Gases are more easily compressed than liquids. BECAUSE Gases expand to fill their container

105. MgCl, is the correct formula for magnesium chloride. BECAUSE Chlorine is always diatomic.

The larger a molecule, the more likely its electron cloud


In general, within a family, boiling point increases
106. BECAUSE is to poiarize and establish dispersion intermoiecular
with increasing molecular mass.
forces.

'tfl1 A spontaneous reac+.ion is ah','ays excthermic BECAUSE Exothermic reactions release energy from the system

The rate of a chemical reaction is aflected by temper- An increase in temperature causes more effective colli-
108. BECAUSE
ature- sions to occur between the particles reacting.

The value of the equilibrium constant is affected by An increase in temperature causes more effective colli-
109. BECAUSE
temperature. sions to occur between the particles reacting.

A large value for the equilibrium constant indicates The ratio ofproducts to reactants at equilibrium is
110. BECAUSE
that products are favored at equilibrium. always greater than one.

111 The freezing ofwater is an exothermic process. BECAUSE Energy is lost when covalent bonds are formed.

Hydration is the process ofdissolving an ionic soiid in


tl2. Ionic compounds only dissolve in water. BECAUSE
water.

113. Or contains a double bond. BECAUSE O, is diatomic.

The electronic geometry of the ammonia molecule is


11,4. BECAUSE Ammonia obeys the octet rule.
tetrahedral.

All molecules having only three atoms form bond angles


1 15. The moiecular geometry of a CO, molecule is linear. BECAUSE
of 180'.

RETURN TO THE MAIN SECTION OFYOURANSWER SHEETANDANSWER


QUESTTONS 26-70.
SAT CHEMISTRY TEST

Part C

Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions.
For each question, select the one choice that is the best answer to the question and then filI in the corresponding ovai on the
answer sheet.

26. Which response includes only the tr-ue statements concerniag 30. A substance contains 35.0 g nitrogen, 5.05 g hydrogen, and 60.0 g
the characteristics of covaient compounds? oxygen. How many grams of oxygen are there in a 200 g sample
ofthe substance?
1. These compounds can be gases, liquids, or solids with
low meiting points. (A) 10.1g
il. Most are soluble in polar solvents. (B) 60.0 g
III. Liquid and molten compounds do not conduct (C) 70.0 g
electricity. (D) 120 g
fV. Aqueous solutions ofthese compounds are very good (E) 140 s
conductors of electricity.
31. The ground state electron configuration ofthe cobalt atom is
(A) I and IIi characterized by which of the following?
(B) II and fV
(C) I, III, and IV I. Partially filled 3d orbitals
(D) I, II, and III il. The presence ofunpaired electrons
(E) IV only III. AII electrons paired

(A) I only
27. Which of the following is the density of nitrogen at STP?
(B) II only
(A) 0.33 s/L (C) I and II only
(B) 0.65 s/L (D) I and III only
(C) 0.80 s/I, (E) I, II, and III
Q) 1.25 slL
(E) 32' What would happen to the equilibrium system shown here if
1.60 s/L oxygen were added?
28. The hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate ion, HSOi, can act as either 4NHnr, + 5O2"; <+ 4NO*, + 6HrOo,
an acid or a base in water solution. In which of the following
(A) More ammonia would be produced.
equations does HSO; act as an acid?
(B) More oxygen would be produced.
(A) HSOi+ H,O - H"SO. + OH- (C) The equilibrium would shift to the right.
(B) HSOi+HuO** SO,+ 2H,O (D) The equilibrium would shiit to the left.
(C) HSOi+ OH-* H,SO. + 02- (E) Nothing would happen since the temperature is constant.
(D) HSo; +H,O - SO.'?-+ H.O-
(E) None of these
oo Which nuclide is formed as a result of this fission reaction?
-
'!!u * l" Bin + '!!n" *
(A) 33Br

rer llxr
(c) Sfnr

(D) 36x'
(E) 90^
88 Dr
SAT CHEMISTRY TEST-C ontinued

33. You have two samples of the same gas in a 1.0 L container at 1.0 Argon has a density of 1.78 g/L ai STP. Which of the following
atm pressure. The temperature ofthe gas in the first container gases have a density at STP greater than that of argon?
has a Kelvin temperature four times that of the gas in the other
container. The ratio of the number of moles of gas in the first
1. F'

container compared to that in the second container is


II. H"S
III. NH.
(A) 1:1 w. co,
(B) 1:2
(C) (A) I only
1:4
(D) (B) II oniy
2:1
(E) (C) Wonly
4:1
(D) I and III only
34. An atom of silicon has a mass number of 29. How many (E) II and fV only
neutrons does it have?
38 Which of the following combinations represents a 2* ion having
(A) 14 a mass number of 40?
(B) 15 Protons Electrons Neutrons
(c) 16
(D) (A) 18 77 22
28
(E) (B) 18 77 22
29
(c) 19 20 2l
(D) 20 18 20
(E) 20 20 20

39. Which factor listed below is most important in determining the


Use the following to answer questions 35-36:
strength ofan oxyacid?

Consider the chemical system CO + CL e COCIz;K = 4.6 x 10s L/mol (A) The size of the molecule
(B) The molecular mass of the molecuie
35. What does the value ofK indicate about the system once it has
(C) The identity of the central atom in the molecule
achieved equilibrium?
(D) The number of oxygen atoms present in the molecuie
(A) A great quantity ofreactants remain and little product is (E) The ability of the moiecule to vaporize
formed.
40 Draw the Lewis dot formula for NH". How many unshared pairs
(B) Few reactants remain and a great deal ofproduct is
ofelectrons are in the outer shell ofthe central nitrogen atom?
formed.
(c) At equilibrium, the concentration ofthe products equals (A) 0
the concentration of the reactalts. (B) 1
The reaction is endothermic. (c) 2
The reaction is exother:mic. (D) 4
(E) 6
36. Ifthe concentration ofthe reactants were to double while
temperature remains unchanged, how would the value ofthe 4l Which of the following would give the highest pH when
equilibrium constant, K, be affected? dissolved in water to form a 0.10 M solution?
(A) Kwould double. (A) A strong acid
(B) K would become half its current value. (B) A weak acid
(C) Kwould quadruple. (C) The sodium salt ofa strong acid
(D) Kwould remain unchanged. (D) The ammonium salt of a strong acid
(E) Kwould depend on the initial conditions of the reactants. (E) The sodium salt of a weak acid
rq
1
i

SAT CHEMISTRY TEST-Continued g
j
4
,g

42. Which of the species below, when dissolved in H'O, will not A sample of ammonia has a mass of 51.1 g. How many molecuies i
produce a basic solution? are in this sample?
3

(A) MgO (A) 1.8 x 1023 molecules j


;
(B) NH, (B) 3.6 x 1023 molecules ?
i
(c) &o (C) 9.1 x 1023 molecules T

(D) Ba(OH), (D) 1.8 x 102a molecules


i
(E) CH3OH (E) 3.6 x 102a molecules j
3
i
43. Consider the following orderings: 48. Which of the following is true for a system whose equilibrium :
constant is less than 1? I
I. A1<Si<P<Cl I
il. Be < Mg. Ca. Sr (A) It will take a short time to reach equilibrium. I
I
III. I<Br<CI<F (B) It will take a long time to reach equilibrium. t

(C) The equilibrium lies to the left. ij


fV. Na- . Mg?. . Al3- < Si+
(D) The equilibrium lies to the right. l
Which of these give(s) a correct trend in ionization energ'y? (E) It requires a higher concentration ofreactants to reach
j
:
(A) l only equilibrium. j

(B) III only


49. What is the molar mass of ammonium carbonate, (NH,)rCOr? j
(C) I and II only
(D) I and fV only (A) 48.06 g/mol ,

(E) I, III, and fV only (B) 96.11 g/mol


(C) 82.09 g/mol
Of the following elements, which is most likely to form a
(D) 78.05 e/mol
negative ion with a charge of 1?
(E) 192.2 g/mol :

(A) Ba l

If the Kelvin temperature of a gas is tripled and the volume is


(B) Ca
doubled, the new pressure will be
(C) Si
(D) P (A) U6 of the original pressure
(E) CI (B) UB of the original pressure

The hybridization associated with the central atom ofa


G) 213 of the original pressure
45
(D) 3/2 of the original pressure
molecule in which all the bond angles are 120'is
(E) 3 times the original pressure
(A) sp -. 51. How many grams are in a 7.0 mol sample of sodium hydroxide?
(B) sp2
(C) sp8 (A) a0.0 g
(D) sp3d G) 140.0 s
(E) spsd'z (C) 280.0 g
(D) 340.0 g
46 The following hydrogen halides fiB HCI, HBr, and HI) are all (E) 420.0 g
polar molecules. The strength of the acid each forms in water is
based on which of the following? Hydrofluoric acid contains what percent hydrogen by mass?

I. The polarity of the molecule (A) r.0vo


il. The size of the moiecuie (B) 5.0Vo
III. The strength of the bond (C) rcqo
(D) $qo
(A) I only
(E) 20Ec
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and III
(E) II and III
SAT' CF5Efrgg g?R:: 3& SF*C **&{wae* i
53. Derer;aine ii:e ccefficier:i fbr C, raihen ii:e ioilora'r;rg ecualioit .. 'rnatrich oiihe fciioi{rng gasrs is proau.rd as a I'esir-ii ct ir., !.- -.:!-;
baianced ia stai:dari fbrrn (sma1lesl whoje nu;li:er ii:iege:s ): :he tube in Figure i?
...C.,E,"', . .C:,. -...CCr, +...HrC, Hycirochicric acici -

lAr ! iA) E,
(B) t {br rJ..
(C) 1C (C) ,t,,
1 t,' i._ in) cc,
(Ei 26 {E) H,C.
54. Ar amrloi:iunr nilrate =firhat
pro<iuc", dissoives easiiy in u'ater al rcor:: 5t is the oulpose clthe preceor:re iiiusiratei ::.r iig:.-i:'e 3.
iernperaiure. and the process causes the solutiori to become
quite cold. \4riiich oftire foliorving ale true aboui the dissoiutior'
(At F,aising the tube oiit of li:e ri'a;e-r so ii-iat li're !i1l:10..1-: :a,-
be read more easii;'
of ammonium nitrate?
(B) Equalizing ihe pressure of iite gas rvithin ti:e r.ube ;i
i. The process is endoihermic. armospheric pressure
il. The soiubiiit5. ra'il! be greater in q'atnter tryale-. iCi Pi-oviding more spac in the erad'.iated cviinder so iitar:jr
IiI. -q" tor'uhe reactior: is nesative. water dispiaced n-r'rhe gas aioes noi cause 31.sr'f,6-;' oirte-re.'
fion the gratiuateci cyiintier
{A) i on11' (Di Checking to see that ali ofthe niag:iesiun iibbon i'as
(B) II oni','
I'eacted
(C) I and Ii onl1.. (E) Raising ihe tube so ihat it is separated fr"orn an\' .ir'r'ealuec;
(D) I and IiI oniv
acid
(E) i, I1. and lII
58. S'hat is the totai pressure oftire ilry gas collecred ifrhe i'apor
55. IAtrich ofthe following is Faired incorrectil;?
pressure due to ra'ater at 25"C is 24 mrnl{g?

'A , HCi-strong acic


(A) 24 mmHg
(B) HNO,,-weak acid (B) 240 mmHg
{C) Ba(OH),-strongbase (C) 736 mmHg
(D) Hl-strong acid
(D) 760 mmHg
rEl NH.-weak base
(E) 784 nmHg
Questions 56-59 refer to the experiment shown below- in r,-hich the 59. W-hich of the foiiorving is a possibie scurce of errol in the r.esr-rits
moiar voiume of a gas was <ietermineci in order to caiculate the ideai
of this experiment?
gas consiant. Throughout the experiment, the temperatrire was heli.
constant, al25'C. ancl the atmospheric pressure remained at ?6C i. Faiiure to correct for humiditS-
mmHs. Ii. The presence cfunreacied maEnesiun
III. Fail'.rre io convert the temperature of ihe gas r:

C ti
sasi=
kelvins

(At i
llf o F'i
-'_b
EI
ti oaiy

EI d+
!t4!
(E)
{C)
Ii oniv
iII ont,v
FI !tli
itll (D) i ani II aail
Fi
LI ttlt
iE) iI anc lii onil'
l*i itJf
!tJ!
water LIrl I t-.{
tst
tiFi iHi
it-i
i

tt-1 I

Fi itlr |

FI
l-t
LI
Fr illl
r!-1
FI
FJ ltit I

HCl FI
F!
LJ
iEi
---
(-l

Figure i Figrire 2: Figure 3:


filled reaction -
iiteasulteillen:
stup ^ ^:-__
SAT CHEMISTRY TEST-Continued

Which of the following compounds has the same percent Use the following to answer questions 64-66:
composition by mass as styrene, CrHr?
Aqueous solutions ofmagnesium chloride and siiver nitrate are
(A) Acetylene, C,H,
mixed to form solid silver chloride and aqueous magnesium nitrate_
(B) Benzene, CuH.
(C) Cyclobutadiene, CnHo 64. The balanced molecular equation contains which one ofthe
(D) c-ethyl naphthalene, C*Ho following terms?
(E) All of these
(A) AgCl.,
61. Baianced chemical equations imply which of the following? (B) 2AgCl*,
(C) 2Mg(NO.L
I. Numbers of molecuies are conserved in chemical
(D) MgNO'
change.
(E) 3AgC1,",
n. Numbers of atoms are conserved in chemical change.
III. Mass is conserved in chemical change. 65. The balanced complete ionic equation contains which ofthe
following terms?
(A) I only
(B) II only (A) 2Mgi.,
(C) I and III (B) Cl;,,
(D) II and III (C) 2Agi"",
(E) I, II, and III (D) NO,,,o,
(E) 3NO.,"or
62 The balanced net ionic equation for the reaction ofcalcium
chloride and sodium phosphate contains which ofthe following 66. The balanced net ionic equation contains which ofthe following
terms? terms?

^
(A) Ua{aql 2+
(A) Agf".,
(B) (B) Mg[.",
Poiaq)
(c) No.,"",
(C) 2CaJPO,)",., (D) 2NOt.")

(D) (E) 3AgC1,",


6NaCI,,",

(E) scaei) 67. Sodium forms an oxide containing one oxygen atom for every
two atoms of sodium. What is the coefficient of sodium in the
b.i. Assume equilibrium has been reached in the following reaction: balanced equation for the reaction ofsodium with oxygen to
A(g)+B(g)oC(g)+D(g) form this oxide?
On an increase in the pressure, the system will
(A) 0
(A) Shift to the products (B) 1
(B) Shift to the reactants (c) 2
(C) Not change because pressure never affects equiiibrium (D) 3
positions (E) 4
(D) Not change as long as the temperature is constant
(E) Not change because there are equal number ofmoles ofgas
68. How many grams of H,O will be formed when 16.0 g H, is mixed
in reactant and product with 16.0 g O, and allowed to react to form water?

(A) 9.0 g
(B) 18.0 g
(C) 32.0 g
(D) 36.0 g
(E) 72.0 g
SAT CHEMISTRY TEST-Continued

69. Consider the following reaction: 70. When potassium chloride and lead (II) nitrate react in an
2.X +Y - 32 aqueous soiution, which of the foliowing terms will be present in
3.0 mol X and 2.0 mol Y react to form 4.0 moi Z. What is the the balanced molecular equation?
percent yield ofthis reaction?
(A) PbCI,_,
(A) 50qc (B) Pb,Cl",
(B) 67Ec (c) KNO,,"n,
(c) 75?o (D) 2KNO3(*)
(D) 89Vo (E) 2KC1,,",
(E) 100%

S T o P
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST ONLY.
DO NOT TURN TO A}TY OTHER TEST IN THIS BOOK.
Answers'to'Practice'SAT'test'7'

1. D" 18. C" 110.'T,"F" 37. C" 54. C"


2. C" 19. D" 111.'T,"T" 38. D" 55. B"
3. C" 20. C" 112.'F,"T" 39. D" 56. A"
113.'T,"T"
4. D" 21. E" 40. B" 57. B"
114.'T,"T,"CE"
5. A" 22. B" 115.'T,"F" 41. E" 58. C"
6. C" 23. A" " 42. E" 59. E"
7. B" 24. B" 26. D" 43. E" 60. E"
8. D" 25. D" 27. D" 44. E" 61. D"
9. D" 28. D" 45. B" 62. E"
101."T,"T,"CE"
10. E" 29. D" 46. C" 63. E"
102.'T,"T,"CE"
11. B" 30. D" 47. D" 64. B"
103.'F,"T"
12. E" 104.'T,"T,"CE" 31. C" 48. C" 65. C"
13. E" 105.'T,"T" 32. C" 49. B" 66. A"
14. D" 106.'T,"T,"CE" 33. C" 50. D" 67. E"
15. C" 107.'F,"T" 34. B" 51. C" 68. B"
16. E" 108.'T,"T,"CE" 52. B" 69. D"
35. B"
109.'T,"T"
17. B" 36. D" 53. D" 70. D"
"

"

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