UNIT 1 LINEAR WAVE SHAPING 10.

PING 10. Prove that for any periodic input waveform, the average level of the
2M Questions: steady state output signal from the RC high pass circuit is always zero.
1. What is meant by linear and non-linear wave shaping? 11. A triangular waveform of 5 KHz with 10V is impressed upon an RC
2. Obtain and sketch the response of high pass and low pass RC circuits
for step, pulse square, ramp and exponential inputs.** high pass circuit whose time constant is 0.01ms. Calculate and plot the
3. Distinguish between high pass and low pass RC circuits and list its output waveform with respect to input under steady state.
applications** 12. Why a double differentiation circuit is called a rate of rise amplifier.
4. What are the conditions of RC circuits to behave as an integrator & 13. Draw and explain the response of high pass rc circuit to Symmetrical
differentiator? (3M)** square wave input, exponential & ramp input. (14M -2012)
5. Define tilt and derive the expression. 14. Derive the expressions for voltage across R and L of an RL circuit
6. Show that a low-pass RC circuit can be used as an Integrator. when the input voltage is a square wave. Also draw the voltage
7. A low pass RC circuit with 3dB cut off frequency of 30 kHz is waveforms.
subjected to a 20V step voltage. Determine its rise time and time to 15. Draw the circuit of a compensated attenuator and derive the conditions
reach 12.6V. necessary for perfect attenuation.
8. What are the applications of high pass and low pass applications of RC 16. Mention the applications of an Attenuator.
circuit? 17. Show the circuit for the compensated attenuator and state the condition
9. What are the different types of input wave forms to wave shaping for perfect attenuation. Mention its applications
circuits? 18. Compute and draw to scale the output waveform for i)C=50pf ii)75pf
10. Write about ringing circuit in brief (2011) iii) 25pf for an input of 20V step. Comment on each of the above
11. Briefly explain response of an attenuator to a step input (3Ms -2012) cases.**
8M Questions:
1. A 10f capacitor is charged via a 10Kresistor from a 5V source. If
the capacitor has an initial charge of -2V, calculate its charge after
50ms.
2. Any Symmetrical wave whose peak to peak amplitude is 22V and
average value is zero is applied to an RC integrating circuit. The time
19. Consider the RC circuit that has a resistor and a capacitor connected in
constant equals one-fourth of the square wave. Find two peak to peak
parallel. A current pulse of amplitude I=10A and a pulse width
value of the steady state output waveform and also sketch the input and
tp=0.05s is applied to the circuit. Sketch the output waveform for the
output waveforms.
following values of lower cutoff frequency i) 20MHz ii)2MHz
3. A square wave is impressed on a RC low pass circuit. Calculate and
iii) 0.2MHz.
plot the output with respect to input under steady state with T1=T2=RC
20. The pulse from a high voltage generator rises linearly for 0.05s and
4. For an RC low-pass circuit, the input is a ramp signal. Obtain its output
then remains constant for 1s. The rate of rise of the pulse is measured
response.
with an RC differentiating circuit whose tome constant is 250ps.If the
5. Prove that an RC circuit behaves as a reasonably good integrator if
positive output voltage from the differentiator has a maximum of 50V,
RC>>15T is the period of an input sinusoid Vmsinwt.
what is the peak voltage of the generator.
6. Draw the voltage waveforms across R and C of an RC circuit having a
21. A series generator of 50 impedance applies a 10V step of 2.2s rise
time constant of 2ms. When the input voltage is a square wave of 5V
time to series combination of a capacitor C and resistance R =50. A
at 1 KHz frequency.
pulse amplitudeof 1V appears across R. Find the value of the capacitance
7. Obtain & sketch the response of RC high pass circuit foe a square
C.
wave input for different time constant.
8. Obtain & sketch the response of RC high pass circuit foe a ramp wave
input.
9. Write a short notes on high pass RC circuit as a Differentiator.**
UNIT 2NON1LINEAR WAVE SHAPING
2M Questions: 8. The input voltage Vi to the two level clipper. As shown in fig. varies
1. Draw the clipping circuit to clip the given input voltage 10 sin wt at sinusoidal from 0 to 15v. Sketch the output voltage Vo.
+5V level.
2. Distinguish between clipping and clamping.
3. Why a clamping circuit is also called as dc restoration circuit.
4. What is the role of resistor across the diode in a clamping circuit?
5. Name the applications of voltage comparator.
6. Give short notes on transwitch triggering(2M -2012)
8M Questions:
1. Classify different types of clipper circuits. Give their circuits and
9. Draw the diagram of an emitter coupled clipping circuit and draw its
explain their operation with the aid of transfer characteristics.(write
transfer characteristics indicating all intercepts, slopes and voltage
about series and shunt clippers)
levels.
2. Draw a two level clipper circuit with i) diodes ii) Zener diodes.
10. Draw the +ve and ve clamping circuits and explain the working
Explain its operation with the help of its transfer characteristics.
principle with the help of neat waveforms.
3. Draw a clipping circuit to clip the given input voltage 10 sint at +5V
11. State and prove clamping circuit theorem .what is its significance.
level.
Explain the steady state response of a practical clamping circuit to a
4. Design a clipper circuit using diodes, resistors and batteries to give at
square waveform. What are the different types of clamping circuits?
the output a slice of the input waveform between +4V and 8V.
Compare the practical clamping circuit with ideal clamping circuit.
5. Design a circuit using ideal diode, reference voltage sources and
12. Design a diode clamper circuit to clamp the positive peaks of the input
resistances to simulate the transfer characteristics shown in fig.
signal to zero level. The frequency of the input signal is 500Hz.
13. A Symmetrical 10 kHz square wave of amplitude 10V is impressed
upon a diode clamping circuit as shown in fig1. Calculate and plot the
output waveform under steady state conditions. Assume for the diode
VBE=0V,Vf=100 and Vr= .

6. Draw the clipping circuit to give the transmission characteristics in fig.

14. Show that the double differentiator comparator pulse given by Vo=A
has an amplitude 0.37 and a bandwidth at half maximum
7. Sketch the output and input voltage waveforms for the circuit shown in of 2.4 RC and that the peak occurs at x=1.
fig 15. The input voltage vi to the clipper circuit shown in a 1.0sec pulse.
Whose voltage varies between 0 and 10 V forward diode resistance
Rf=100 and =0.5V and Rr= . Sketch the output waveforms Vo and
indicate the time constants of the exponential portions.
16. State the effect of diode characteristics on clamping voltage.
17. a) explain the series clippers(9M-2012)
b) Explain the emitter coupled clipper (5M 2012)

UNIT 3MULTIVIBRATORS
2M Questions:
1. Define storage time of a switch and state the measures to reduce it.
2. Draw the transistor switching circuit.
3. Define resolving time of binary. How is it going to influence the circuit
operation?
4. What is the role of the commutating capacitors in a binary circuit?
5. Give two applications of Schmitt trigger.
8M Questions:
1. Explain how a BJT can be used a switch. Explain Turn-ON and Turn-
OFF times of the switching transistor with the help of relevant
waveforms. Explain what is to be done to reduce the switching times
of a transistor. Define the storage time of a BJT switch and state the
measures to reduce it. Define rise time and fall time ***
2. With the help of a diagram, explain the working of a fixed bias
transistor binary and derive the expression for stable state currents &
voltages.
3. Explain various methods of improving switching speed and resolution
of bistable multivibrator with necessary diagrams.
4. With the help of a circuit diagram and relevant waveforms, explain the
operation of a Schmitt trigger (regenerative comparator). What do you
mean by Hysteresis .Give two applications of Schmitt trigger?
5. Design a Schmitt trigger circuit using n-p-n si transistors to meet the
following specifications: VCC=12V,UTP=4V,LTP=2V,hfe=60;IC2=3mA.
Use relevant assumptions and the empherical relationships.
6. With the help of a circuit diagram and relevant waveforms, explain the
operation of a collector coupled monostable multivibrator. Derive an
expression for the maximum frequency of triggering.
7. Draw the collector coupled monostable multivibrator to produce a time
delay of 100s .Use transistors having hfe(min)=200,VCEsat-
0.2V,VBEsat=0.7V,VBEcuttoff=0V. Supply voltages of 10V are available.
Choose ICsat=2mA. Show the circuit with all component values and
explain its operation with the help of waveforms seen at both the
collectors and bases.
8. In a self biased monostable multivibrator VCC=15V,
RC1=RC2=2K,RE=500,R1=R2=30K,R=47, C=0.03pf. Transistors
are silicon type Determine i) Stable and quasi stable operating point
voltage currents of the transistors. i) Minimum value of hfe with over
drive factor of 4. Iii) Time delay iv) BV CEO of transistors
9. Design an astable multi with a repetition rate of the output waveform at
500Hz, and pulse width of 0.2msec. use BJTs with h fe=50,
Vcc=VBB=20V.RL1=RL2=1K
10. What is an astable multivibrator? Explain .how does this differ with the
multivibrators? Derive the expression for the period of oscillations.
Bring out the effect of supply voltages, junction voltages and
temperature on the period of oscillations.
11. Design an astable multivibrator using BJTs having
hfe(min)=80,VCEsat=0.2V. VBEsat=o.7V, VBE(cutoff)=0V Supply
voltages of 10V are available. Choose ICsat=2mA.the multivibrator
has to produce a square wave at 10 KHz with40%duty cycle. Show the
circuit diagram with all component values. Explain its operation with
the waveforms seen at both the collectors and bases.
12. Design an astable multivibrator to generate a 10 kHz square wave with
10V peak. Two silicon transistors with hfe=30 are available. Use
IC=10mA.
13. A silicon transistor operates at random temperature in common emitter
configuration with Rc=k from a v collector supply. The transistor has
hfe=50, rbb=50, rce=80k, Rdc=4m. calculate the input impedance:
(i) Just before the transistor enter saturation.
(ii) Just after the transistor entering into saturation.
(iii) When the emitter current in 1.1 times the saturation
current?
14. Explain the principle of working of monostable multivibrator. (8M
2012)
15. Design a collector coupled monostable for the following specifications:
Voltage drop across saturated transistors are negligible. for the
transistors, hfe(min) =20 and the base emitter cutoff voltage for the
normally OFF transistor is -1v. the base drive to the transistor in
saturation is 50% in excess of minimum requied collector current=
2mA. the delay, time is 3000s. choose R1=R2. find Rc,R,R1,C & V BB.
(6M 2012)
UNIT 4 TIME BASE GENERATORS
2M Questions:
1. Derive expressions for sweep speed error in Miller and Boot-Strap
generators.
2. What is sweep voltage? What are the different methods of generating
sweep waveforms?
3. What are the various methods liberalizing a sweep waveform?
4. Define sweep speed error es ,transmission et and seep deviation error ed
and give their relationship.(errors in sweep circuits)
5. Explain the principle of operation of a Miller circuit.( 3M 2012)
8M Questions:
1. Sketch the characteristics of UJT & explain why it is called as negative
resistance device?
2. Explain UJT sweep generator. (9M 2012)
3. Draw the circuit of a UJT relaxation oscillator and explain its operation
with waveforms .Derive an expression for the frequency of the output
waveform.
4. Design a sweep circuit using UJT with =0.5, the sweep amplitude is
10V. The sweep duration 1ms, sweep speed error is 10%. Select the
suitable values of VBB, VYY, R and C.
5. In the UJT sweep circuit, VBB=20v, VYY=50v, R=5K, C=0.01f.
UJT has =0.5.calulate i) Amplitude sweep signal ii) Slope and
displacement error and iii) Estimated recovery time.
6. Design a UJT relaxation oscillator with the following specifications:-
trace time =200s, output amplitude =5V, UJT has RBB=5K,=0.6
IV=2mA,IP=10A and VV=1V.
7. The relaxation oscillator when running freely generates and output
sweep amplitude of 100V and frequency 1 kHz, synchronizing pulses
the breakdown voltage is lowered by 20V. Over what frequency range
the synchronizing pulse frequency may be varied if 1:1synchronization
is to result?
8. A UJT sweep operates with a valley voltage V V=3V and peak voltage
VP=16V. A sinusoidal synchronizing voltage of 2V peak is applied
between bases. The standoff ratio =0.5. if the natural frequency of the
sweep is 1000Hz, over what range of synch-signal frequency will the
sweep remain in 1:1 synchronism with the sync signal.
9. Explain how an exponential voltage waveform is linearalized using
bootstrap and miller techniques (Explain the principle of operation of a
miller and bootstrap circuits). Derive the expression for the slope error
in each case.
10. Draw the circuit of Miller voltage sweep circuit and explain its
operation with waveforms. Derive the expression for its sweep period,
sweep amplitude and retrace interval.
11. Draw the circuit of Boot strap sweep generator Sketch the timing
waveforms at various points in the circuits explain its operation with
necessary analysis.
12. In a bootstrap technique of generating a linear voltage sweep
waveform, state and justify whether the charging current is maintained
constant? or time constant is increased?
13. If the amplifier gain is different from unity in a bootstrap, what is the
effect of on sweep voltage?
14. Compare Miller & Bootstrap sweep circuits. (5M 2012)
15. What are the techniques used to improve the linearity of current
sweeps? Illustrate with examples.
16.
Why miller sweep is preferred in CROs than Bootstrap sweep.
17.
What is the necessity and importance of current sweep circuits?
18.
In what respect a current seep differ from a voltage sweep
19.
Draw a constant current sweep circuit and explain its operation
20.
Draw the circuit diagram of a linear current sweep generator and
explain its operation with waveforms.
UNIT 5BLOCKING OSCILLATORS
2M Questions:
1. What is blocking oscillator. What is the use of blocking oscillator?
List it applications
2. Explain base timing and emitter timing? Write the differences between
them.
8M Questions:
1. Draw the circuit diagram of a triggered monostable blocking oscillator
with base timing and explain its operation with waveforms. Derive an
expression for its output pulse width.
2. A triggered blocking oscillator circuit shown, using a silicon transistor
with Vcesat=0.3V, VBE(Sat)=0.7V and hFE=50. There are twice as many
turns in the base winding as in the collector winding. The magnetizing
inductance is 50H, and its shunt capacitance is 100pF. During the
pulse , Calculate i) the amplitude at the collector the collector current
iC the base current and, pulse width.
3. Draw the circuit diagram of a free-running blocking oscillator and
explain its operation.
4. Describe the principle of working of diode controlled astable blocking
oscillator with the help of a circuit diagram and appropriate waveforms
what are its disadvantages and how do you overcome them?
b) In what respect a Blocking astable oscillator differs from an astable
multivibrator
5. Explain triggererd transistor blocking oscillator(9m 2012)
6. explain about blocking oscillator rise time( 5M 2012)
UNIT 6 SYNCHRONIZATION AND FREQUENCY DIVISION
8M Questions:
1. Give the importance of synchronization and frequency division.
Or explain the principle of synchronization? How is it achieved in
sweep circuit? Or With the help of waveforms explain the
synchronization and frequency division using sweep circuits.
2. Explain the synchronization of sweep circuits with symmetrical
signals.
3. How can an astable multivibrator be synchronized? Illustrate with
waveforms.
4. Explain the method of pulse synchronization of relaxation devices with
examples.
 5.Explain the principle of synchronization( 3M 2012) 7. UJT relaxation oscillator *
6.Explain synchronization of astable multivibrator. (9M 2012) 8. Errors in sweep circuits*
7.give a short notes on phase delay & phase jitter(5M 2012) 9. Linear current sweep generator
8.A symmetrical astable multi using silicon transistor operated from a 10. Logic families.
collector supply voltage of 2V. The multi has a free period of 11. Flip flops.*
1000sec. Are applied to one base through a small capacitor from a 12. Comparison of logic families
high impedance source. Calculate the minimum pulse amplitude. So 13. Blocking Oscillator*.
that the multi period after synchronization is 750sec. 14. Fan-in, fan-out, noise margin, Open collector outputs & Tristate
UNIT 7 LOGIC GATES logic.
2M Questions: 15. Frequency division.
1. Comparisons of logic families. 16. Synchronization of sweep circuits with symmetrical signals.
2. Define setup time and hold time of flip-flop.
8M Questions:
1. Compare the performance characteristics of TTL and CMOS logic
families
2. Draw the CMOS NAND circuit and explain its logic operation with the
help of tits transfer characteristic, what are the merits and demerits of
CMOS gates? Compare the performance characteristics of TTL and
ECL gates
3. Explain the following terms as referred to logic gates:***
i) Fan-in ii) Fan out iii) Noise margin iv) Open-collector outputs and
v) Tristate logic
4. Draw the circuit diagram of a typical medium-speed TTL NAND gate.
Explain the operation of the same.
5. With the help of a neat circuit diagram, explain the operation of a TTL
NAND gate. Explain why TTL is fastest among saturated logic circuit.
6. Explain what do you understand by Fan-in and Fan-out of a logic gate.
Describe a method to determine these for a TTL NAND gate with
totem pole output.
7. Draw the circuit of CMOS NAND gate and implement the following
input and output relation for using CMOS logic.
8. Draw the circuit of an ECL gate and explain its operation with the help
of truth table. Compare its performance characteristics with TTL and
CMOIS gates. Derive its i) logic levels and ii) Noise margin. what
are its advantages
9. explain the following: TTL,CMOS,ECL (14M 2012)
Write short notes on:
1. Ringing circuit.**
2. Attenuators
3. Diode switching times
4. Switching times of a transistor
5. Methods of Triggering a binary*
6. Schmitt trigger circuit