Question tags in English

1. Use
frequently used in spoken English when you want someone to agree or disagree

2. Form
positive statement question tag negative You are Tom, aren't you?
negative statement question tag positive He isn't Joe, is he?

3. Examples
3.1. with auxiliaries

You've got a car, haven't you?

3.2. without auxiliaries (don't, doesn't, didn't)

They play football on Sundays, don't they?

She plays football on Sundays, doesn't she?
They played football on Sundays, didn't they?

Questions tags are used to keep a conversation going. You can agree or refuse to a sentence with
a question tag.

Affirmative sentence: He is from Germany, isn't he?

Negative sentence: He isn't from Germany, is he?

Possible answers are Yes or No. If you use Yes, do not use contracted forms. If you use No,
contracted form are possible.

Yes, he is.
No, he is not. or No, he isn't. or No, he's not.

4. Special points
4.1. Although the negative word not is not in the sentence, the sentence can be
negative. Then we use the positive question tag.

He never goes out with his dog, does he?

4.2. If have is a main verb in the sentence and refers to states, there are two
possible sentences We have a car, _____?

We have a car, haven't we? mostly British English

We have a car, don't we? mostly American English

4.3. Use will/would with imperatives (Simple Present).

Open the window, will you?

Open the window, would you?
Don't open your books, will you?

4.4. We use won't with a polite request.

Open the window, won't you?

4.5. We use shall after Let's.

Let's take the next bus, shall we?

4.6. Auxiliary must

We must be at home at 8 pm, mustn't we?

Yes, we must.
No, we needn't.

4.7. Personal pronoun I

I am late, aren't I?

This form is commonly used (mostly informal). It is because there is no contracted form for am +
not (amn't). Grammatically correct would be: am I not. This is only used in formal situations.

Future: be going to (I am going to work)

from English Grammar Today

Be going to: form

We use be going to + the base form of the verb:

Im going to take a few exams at the end of the year.

Its going to be difficult to get a job during the summer as the tourist industry is suffering from
the economic downturn.

Be going to: uses

Be going to is commonly used in informal styles.

Intentions

We use be going to to talk about future plans and intentions. Usually the decision about the
future plans has already been made:

Shes going to be a professional dancer when she grows up.

Im going to look for a new place to live next month.

Predictions

We use be going to to predict something that we think is certain to happen or which we have
evidence for now:

Its going to snow again soon. (The speaker can probably see dark snow clouds.)

Look out! Hes going to break that glass.

Commands

We use be going to when we give commands or state that something is obligatory:

[parent to a child]

Youre going to pick up all of those toys right now. This room is a mess!

Gonna (informal contexts)

Spoken English:

We use gonna /gn/ instead of going to in informal contexts, especially in speaking and in song
lyrics. We write gonna to show how to pronounce it:
Are you gonna try and get stuff sorted as soon as you can then? (Are you going to try and get
things organised as soon as you can?)

One day Im gonna be a star.

Be going to or will?
Will is often used in a similar way to be going to. Will is used when we are talking about
something with absolute certainty. Be going to is used when we want to emphasise our decision
or the evidence in the present:

[An A road is a main road. A B road is a smaller road.]

We are now very late so were going to take the B road. (the speaker refers to the present and
emphasises the decision)

I know the B road will be quicker at this time of day. (the speaker states a fact)

See also:

Will
Future: will and shall

am-Macam, Penggunaan, Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat

Tenses
Penjelasan Tense Contoh Kalimat Tense

Simple Present Tense

Rumus: We agree with the

speakers opinion.
(Kami setuju dengan opini
S + V-1
pembicara.)
She is so beautiful.
Penggunaan:
(Dia sangat cantik.)
Simple present tense untuk menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, dan Soal Simple Present Tense
kejadian yang terjadi pada saat sekarang ini.
Present Continuous Tense
 Im driving a car to
Bandung now.
Rumus: (Saya sedang menyetir
mobil ke Bandung
S + am/is/are + present participle/V-ing sekarang.)
The buses are arriving in
Penggunaan: an hour.
(Bus-bus tersebut tiba
Present continuous tense untuk membicarakan aksi yang dalam satu jam.)
sedang berlangsung sekarang atau rencana dimasa depan.
Soal Present Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Tense

Rumus: Ive read this book.

(Saya sudah membaca
S + have/has + past participle/V-3 buku ini.)
I have lived in Cilegon for 3
Penggunaan: months.
(Saya telah tinggal di
Present perfect tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu Cilegon selama 3 bulan.)
aktivitas atau situasi yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan
telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu atau Soal Present Perfect Tense
masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense

The toddlers have been

playing a ball for an hour.
Rumus: (Balita-balita itu telah
bermain bola selama satu
jam.)
S + have/has + been + present participle/V-ing
The construction labors are
thirsty since they have
Penggunaan:
been removing the
scaffoldings.
Present perfect continuous tense untuk mengungkapkan aksi (Pekerja konstruksi haus
yang telah selesai pada suatu titik dimasa lampau atau aksi karena mereka telah
telah dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai sekarang. memindahkan perancah.)
Biasanya aksi tersebut ada durasi waktu tertentu dan ada
relevansinya dengan kondisi sekarang. Soal Present Perfect Continuous
Tense
Simple Past Tense
Rumus:

The party started at 10.00 a.m.

S + V-2
(Pesta dimulai jam 10 pagi.)
Penggunaan:
Soal Simple Past Tense
Simple past tense untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu
kejadian terjadi di masa lampau.
Past Continuous Tense

Rumus:
The team was playing basketball
S + was/were + present participle/V-ing all day yesterday.
(Tim bermain basket sepanjang
Penggunaan: hari kemarin.)

Past continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan Soal Past Continuous Tense
bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di
masa lampau.
Past Perfect Tense

Rumus:
When he came last night, the
S + had + past participle/V-3 cake had run out.
(Ketika dia datang semalam, kue
Penggunaan: sudah habis.)

Past perfect tense untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi Soal Past Perfect Tense
telah selesai pada suatu titik di masa lalu sebelum aksi
lainnya terjadi.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Rumus:
The labors had been
S + had + been + present participle/V-ing demonstrating for an hour when
the manager came.
(Pekerja telah berdemonstrasi
Penggunaan:
selama satu jam ketika manager
datang.)
Past perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk
mengungkapkan suatu aksi (dengan durasi waktu Soal Past Perfect Continuous Tense
tertentu) telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu
dimasa lalu.
Simple Future Tense

Rumus: You will win the game.

(Kamu akan memenangkan
S + will + bare infinitive permainan tersebut.)
S + be (is/am/are) + going to + bare infinitive) I am going to meet him
tomorrow.
Penggunaan: (Saya akan menemuinya besok.)

Simple future tense untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi Soal Simple Future Tense
terjadi dimasa depan, secara spontan atau terencana.
Future Continuous Tense

Rumus:
He will be sleeping at 10 p.m.
S + will + be + present participle/V-ing (Dia akan sedang tidur pada jam
10 malam.)
Penggunaan:
Soal Future Continuous Tense
Future continuous tense untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang
akan sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa depan.
Future Perfect Tense
Rumus: At this time next month, Ill have
finished my English course.
S + will + have + past participle/V-3 (Pada waktu yang sama bulan
depan, saya akan telah
Penggunaan: menyelesaikan kursus bahasa
Inggris.)
Future perfect tense untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu
aktivitas akan sudah selesai pada suatu titik waktu di Soal Future Perfect Tense
masa depan.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Rumus:
The cat will have been sleeping
S + will + have + been + present participle/V-ing long when you get home.
(Kucing itu telah lama tidur
Penggunaan: ketika kamu pulang.)

Future perfect continuous tense untuk mengungkapkan Soal Future Perfect Continuous Tense
bahwa suatu aksi akan sudah berlangsung selama sekian
lama pada titik waktu tertentu di masa depan.
Simple Past Future Tense

Rumus:

S + would + bare infinitive

He would forgive you.
(Dia akan memaafkanmu.)
Penggunaan:
Soal Simple Past Future Tense
Simple past future tense untuk menyatakan suatu
aksi yang akan dilakukan, membuat prediksi, dan
membuat janji di masa depan pada saat berada dimasa
lalu.
Past Future Continuous Tense
Rumus:
I would be attending the conference if I
was in Jakarta.
S + would + be + present participle
(Saya akan sedang menghadiri konferensi
Penggunaan: tersebut jika saya ada di Jakarta.)

Fakta:
Past future continuous tense adalah suatu bentuk kata
kerja untuk menyatakan aksi atau situasi imajiner yang
sedang berlangsung apabila unreal condition-nya but Im not in Jakarta (tapi saya tidak
terpenuhi (present continuous conditional ~ conditional di Jakarta)
sentence type 2 dengan continuous tense).
Past Future Perfect Tense

Rumus:
If you had saved your jewelry and foreign
currency in a safety deposit box, they
S + would + have + past participle/V-3
wouldnt have gone.
Penggunaan: (Jika kamu telah menyimpan perhiasan
dan mata uang asingmu di safety deposit
Past future perfect tense untuk membicarakan suatu aksi box, mereka tidak akan hilang.)
yang tidak terjadi di masa lalu (conditional sentence type
3).
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Rumus:
If his Visa had been approved, he would
S + would + have + been + present participle have been working abroad for a week.
(Jika visa dia telah disetujui, dia akan
Penggunaan: telah bekerja selama seminggu.)

Past future perfect continuous tense adalah suatu Fakta:

bentuk kata kerja untuk menyatakan suatu aksi atau
situasi imajiner sedang berlangsung pada titik tertentu but his Visa wasnt approved (tapi
atau selama periode tertentu di masa lampau (perfect Visa-nya tidak disetujui)
continuous conditional ~ conditional type 3 dengan
continuous)

Catatan:

Rumus pada tabel di atas merupakan rumus umum. Beberapa tense seperti simple present tense
dan simple future tense memiliki opsi rumus lain yang dijelaskan lebih detail di halaman masing-
masing.
Neither, neither nor and not either
from English Grammar Today

Neither as a determiner
Neither allows us to make a negative statement about two people or things at the same time.
Neither goes before singular countable nouns. We use it to say not either in relation to two
things. Neither can be pronounced /na(r)/ or /ni:(r)/.

Neither parent came to meet the teacher. (The mother didnt come and the father didnt come.)

Neither dress fitted her. (There were two dresses and not one of them fitted her.)

We use neither of before pronouns and plural countable nouns which have a determiner (my, his,
the) before them:

Neither of us went to the concert.

Neither of the birthday cards was suitable.

Spoken English:

In formal styles, we use neither of with a singular verb when it is the subject. However, in
informal speaking, people often use plural verbs:

Neither of my best friends was around.

Neither of them were interested in going to university.

In speaking, we can use neither on its own in replies when we are referring to two things that
have already been mentioned:

A:

Mike, which would you prefer, tea or coffee?

B:

Neither thanks. Ive just had a coffee.

Neither nor
We can use neither as a conjunction with nor. It connects two or more negative alternatives. This
can sound formal in speaking:

Neither Brian nor his wife mentioned anything about moving house. (Brian didnt mention that
they were moving house and his wife didnt mention that they were moving house.)

Neither Italy nor France got to the quarter finals last year.

The less formal alternative is to use and not either:

Italy didnt get to the quarter finals last year and France didnt either.

See also:

Not either

Not with neither and nor

When a clause with neither or nor is used after a negative clause, we invert the subject and the
verb after neither and nor:

He hadnt done any homework, neither had he brought any of his books to class.

We didnt get to see the castle, nor did we see the cathedral.

See also:

Conjunctions

Neither do I, Nor can she

We use neither and nor + auxiliary/modal verb + subject to mean also not:

A:

I hate snakes. I cant even look at a picture of a snake.

B:
Neither can I.

Not: I cant also.

A:

Jacqueline doesnt drive.

B:

Nor does Gina.

Not: Gina doesnt also.

See also:

So am I, so do I, Neither do I

Not either
We can use not either to mean also not, but we do not change the word order of the auxiliary
or modal verb and subject:

A:

I havent ever tasted caviar.

B:

I havent either. (or Neither have I./Nor have I.)

A:

I didnt see Lesley at the concert.

B:

I didnt either. (or Neither did I./Nor did I.)

In informal speaking, we often say me neither:

A:

I cant smell anything.

B:

Me neither. (or I cant either.)

Neither: typical errors

We use neither, not none, when we are talking about two people or things:

Books and television are different. Neither of them should replace the other.

Not: None of them

We dont normally use both (of) + not to make a negative statement about two people or
things:

Neither of these shirts is/are dry yet.

Not: Both of these shirts arent dry yet.

Take care to spell neither correctly: not niether or neighter.

Kata So, Too, Either dan Neither Dalam kalimat Bahasa Inggris artinya sama yaitu
"juga". Untuk lebih jelasnya kita perhatikan penjelasan berikut :
Penggunaan "So" dan "Too"
Digunakan dalam kalimat positif, artinya juga.
Contoh 1:
I am a student. (Saya adalah seorang pelajar.)
Sania is a student. (Sania adalah seorang pelajar.)

Penggabungan kedua kalimat tersebut adalah:
I am a student and Sania is a student. (Saya seorang pelajar dan Sania adalah seorang
pelajar.)

Untuk meringkas kalimat tersebut, kita bisa menggunakan kata "so" dan "too".
- I am a student and so is Sania.
(Saya seorang pelajar dan Sania juga.)
- I am a student and Sania is too.
(Saya seorang pelajar dan Sania juga.)

Contoh 2:
I study English. (Saya belajar Bahasa Inggris)
Benny studies English. (Beni belajar Bahasa Inggris)

Penggabungan kedua kalimat tersebut adalah:
 I study English and Benny studies English.

Untuk meringkas kalimat tersebut, kita bisa menggunakan kata "so" dan "too".
- I study English and so does Benny.
(Saya belajar Bahasa Inggris dan Benny juga.)
- I study English and Benny does too.
(Saya belajar Bahasa Inggris dan Benny juga.)

Contoh 3:
Ardi has gone home. (Ardi telah pulang ke rumah.)
They have gone home. (Mereka telah pulang ke rumah.)

Penggabungan kedua kalimat tersebut adalah:

Ardi has gone home and they have gone home.

Untuk meringkas kalimat tersebut, kita bisa menggunakan kata "so" dan "too".
- Ardi has gone home and they have too.
(Ardi telah pulang ke rumah dan mereka juga.)
- Ardi has gone home and so have they.
(Ardi telah pulang ke rumah dan mereka juga.)

Kata "too" bisa berarti terlalu jika diletakan di tengah-tengah kalimat, di depan kata sifat,
mempunyai pengertian yang negatif dan digunakan untuk menggabungkan dua buah
kalimat menjadi satu. Dalam hal ini "too" menunjukan suatu yang bersifat keterlaluan
(excess).
Contoh :
I am very sleepy. I can not study well.
(Saya sangat ngantuk. I Saya tidak dapat belajar dengan baik.)
Bisa dirubah menggunakan "too" menjadi:
I am too sleepy to study well.
(Saya terlalu ngantuk untuk belajar dengan baik.)

Contoh lain:
Ani is very fat. She can not run fast.
(Ani sangat gemuk. Dia tidak dapat berlari kencang.)
Bisa dirubah menggunakan "too" menjadi:
Ani is too fat to run fast.

Penggunaan "either" dan "neither"

Digunakan dalam kalimat negatif artinya juga.

Kalimat - kalimat di atas kita rubah ke dalam kalimat negatif.

Contoh 1:
I am not a student. (Saya adalah bukan seorang pelajar.)
Sania is not a student. (Sania adalah bukan seorang pelajar.)


Penggabungan kedua kalimat tersebut adalah:
I am not a student and Sania is not a student.
(Saya bukan seorang pelajar dan Sania adalah bukan seorang pelajar.)

Untuk meringkas kalimat tersebut, kita bisa menggunakan kata "either" dan "neither".
- I am not a student and Sania is not either.)
(Saya bukan seorang pelajar dan Sania juga.)
- I am not a student and neither is Sania.
(Saya bukan seorang pelajar dan Sania juga.)

Contoh 2:
I don't study English. (Saya tidak belajar Bahasa Inggris)
Benny doesn't study English. (Beni tidak belajar Bahasa Inggris)

Penggabungan kedua kalimat tersebut adalah:

I don't study English and Benny doesn't study English.

Untuk meringkas kalimat tersebut, kita bisa menggunakan kata "either" dan "neither".
- I don't study English and Benny doesn't either.
(Saya tidak belajar Bahasa Inggris dan Benny juga.)
- I study English and neither does Benny.
(Saya tidak belajar Bahasa Inggris dan Benny juga.)

Contoh 3:
Ardi hasn't gone home. (Ardi tidak pulang ke rumah.)
They haven't gone home. (Mereka tidak pulang ke rumah.)

Penggabungan kedua kalimat tersebut adalah:

Ardi hasn't gone home and they haven't gone home.

Untuk meringkas kalimat tersebut, kita bisa menggunakan kata "either" dan "neither".
- Ardi hasn't gone home and they haven't either.
(Ardi tidak telah pulang ke rumah dan mereka juga.)
- Ardi hasn't gone home and neither have they.
(Ardi tidak telah pulang ke rumah dan mereka juga.)

Penggunaan Either ..... or dan Neither ..... nor

Bentuk "either .... or" digunakan untuk menyatakan dua hal dalam keadaan yang sama,
sedangkan bentuk "neither.... nor" digunakan untuk menyatakan dua hal yang sama
negatif.
Contoh 1:
Tina is a student. (Tina adalah seorang pelajar.)
Julie is a student. (Julie adalah seorang pelajar.)
Digabungkan enjadi:
Either Tina or Julie is a student.
 (Baik Tina maupun Julie adalah seorang pelajar.)

Erni comes late. (Erni datang terlambat.)

Vania comes late. (Vania datang terlambat.)
Digabungkan menjadi:
Either Erni or Vania comes late.
(Baik Erni maupun Vania datang terlambat.)

Contoh 2:
Randi is not a teacher. (Randi bukan seorang guru.)
Wini is not a teacher. (Wini bukan seorang guru.)
Digabungkan menjadi:
Either Randi or Wini is not a teacher.
(Baik Randi maupun Wini bukan seorang guru.)
Neither Randi nor Wini is not a teacher.
(Tidak Randi tidak juga Wini bukan seorang guru.)

Contoh 3:
I don't love Noval. (Saya tidak mencintai Noval.)
I don't love Ferdinand. (Saya tidak mencintai Ferdinand.)
Digabungkan menjadi:
I don't love either Noval or Ferdinand.
(Saya tidak mencintai baik Noval maupun Ferdinand.)
I love neither Noval nor Ferdinand.
(Saya tidak mencintai Noval tidak juga Ferdinand.

Catatan :
1. Either.....or..... = baik......maupun......
2. Neither mempunyai pengertian yang sama dengan "not.....either" = tidak juga

Itulah Penggunaan Kata So, Too, Either Dan Neither Dalam Kalimat Bahasa Inggris.
Semoga bermanfaat.

Read more: http://www.kursusmudahbahasainggris.com/2014/08/penggunaan-kata-so-

too-either-dan.html#ixzz4oWFrkFIY