MAPA UNIVERSITY

School of Civil, Environmental and

Geological Engineering
Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila, Philippines

AN ASSESSMENT ON THE CURRENT STORM

SEWER DESIGN

DISTRICT V MANILA

GROUP MEMBERS:

Argete, Ma. Cristina A.

Gicale, Patrick Emmanuel T.
Ilao, Patricia Ann Rae M.
Jumarang, Franc Jerome B.
Sepulvida, Bryan A.
Villegas, Ralph Don B.
Wong, Jansen D.

A Project Submitted to the School of CE ENSE in Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements in the Subject

CE144 - SEWERAGE & DRAINAGE ENGINEERING

September 2017
AN ASSESSMENT ON THE CURRENT STORM SEWER DESIGN
DISTRICT V MANILA

i. ABSTRACT

Flooding is a perennial problem in Metro Manila, various flood and drainage

system projects have been implemented in Metropolis in the last two decades, but it
seems only a little have been gained because the flood problems will persist. Flood
control and drainage system has yet effectively address due to the inadequate
capacity of existing drainage channels in conveying storm water to the dumping
stations. The drainage improvement measure has been hampered by the very limited
information in the present conditions of existing drainage channels. The study of
drainage system in Metro Manila specifically in District V will bring major benefits. As
the improvement of the drainage system, it reduces the damages to the houses and
public facilities. Minimize the loss of public and private properties will contribute greatly
to the improvement and standard of living to the stabilization of peoples livelihood and
the serious congestion resulting from the long flooding in Metro Manila.

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AN ASSESSMENT ON THE CURRENT STORM SEWER DESIGN
DISTRICT V MANILA

ii. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers wish to express their sincerest gratitude to the following

persons who unselfishly gave their invaluable assistance towards the realization of
this humble piece of work.

Engr. Ronnie Encarnacion their professor and mentor, for having been a moving
power behind the writing and completion of this paper;

Our family for being always there whenever the researchers needed them, theirs is
a life filled with a thousand and one silent and almost unnoticed heroism in the
humdrum of everyday living. Yet, no other person has influenced their disposition
towards life, as much they did;

Foremost, to the ALMIGHTY GOD for providing the physical and the mental strength,
inner drive and sense of direction and purpose in this endeavor and whom all good
things come.

To them and to others who had some part in the writing of this paper, once and for all
go their sincere thanks. VIVA MAPUA!

Argete, Ma. Cristina A.

Gicale, Patrick Emmanuel T.
Ilao, Patricia Ann Rae M.
Jumarang, Franc Jerome B.
Sepulvida, Bryan A.
Villegas, Ralph Don B.
Wong, Jansen D.

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DISTRICT V MANILA

iii. TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION 4
1.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE-----------------------------------------------------------------------5
1.1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY--------------------------------------------------5
1.1.2. OBJECTIVES---------------------------------------------------------------------------5
1.1.3 SCOPE AND LIMITATION-----------------------------------------------------------5
1.1.4 ROLES AND RESPONISIBILITIES------------------------------------------------6

1.2. SITE LOCATION AND USE

1.2.1 LOCATION BACKGROUND---------------------------------------------------------6
1.2.2 COMPREHESSIVE LAND USE----------------------------------------------------7

1.3. SITE DESCRIPTION

1.3.1 BRIEF HISTORY-----------------------------------------------------------------------8
1.3.3 FLOODING-------------------------------------------------------------------------------9

II. DETAILED DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL 10

2.1 DEVELOPMENT SURFACE WATER DISCHARGE RATES
2.1.1. SURFACE WATER DRAINS------------------------------------------------------11

2.2 SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE STRATEGY

2.2.1 CONCEPTUALIZED FLOW DIRECTION--------------------------------------13
2.2.2 PROPOSED STORM DRAINAGE STRATEGY ------------------------------14

2.3 FLOOD RISK STRATEGY AND ATTENUATION VALUE-----------------------------15

III. RECOMMENDATION 17

IV. APPENDICES 18
APPENDIX A: MAPS---------------------------------------------------------------------------------19

V. REFERENCES 22

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DISTRICT V MANILA

I. INTRODUCTION

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DISTRICT V MANILA

1.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE

1.1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Heavy downpour causing floods is one of the most common calamities that
Philippines experience, especially on the areas covered by Metro Manila. One of
the factors that contribute to flooding is the improper storm drainage system
management. As we know, catch basins and inlets are classified as area drains
and are ideal for landscaping applications. Water is being directed to the drain by
the contours of the landscape. The Basin or inlet is connected to pipe that conducts
the water to the discharge point. Failure to install pipes accurately will cause
problems on the system drainage, leading to its connected parts to be damaged.
This therefore leads to come up with a study that will focus on the assessment
about the problems regarding storm drainage systems and to how these can be
improved in order to prevent cases such those of flooding, erosion on streams and
creeks, and of course, pollution and destruction of the drainage system itself. Also,
this study should then establish possible solutions to promote and enhance proper
management protection with regard to the designs of storm water drainage and
environmental premises as well.

1.1.2. OBJECTIVES

The general objective of this project is to find possible solutions to storm

drainage system overflows in the fifth district of Manila and apply specific topics in
storm sewer engineering. This project would like to produce the following:

1. Identify the factors causing the overflow of storm sewer systems

2. Propose potential remedies in current issues present in storm drainage area
3. Provide adequate research on improving storm sewer systems for future studies

1.1.3 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This paper will be focusing on developing possible solutions to flooding and

conceptualizing storm drainage system capable of accumulating and managing
surface runoff of the fifth district of Manila.

This study is also limited to the following:

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AN ASSESSMENT ON THE CURRENT STORM SEWER DESIGN
DISTRICT V MANILA

1. Using the Rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency of Manila

2. Applying the Rational method in designing a storm drainage system
3. Costing of proposed storm drainage strategy

1.1.4 ROLES AND RESPONISIBILITIES

This project recognizes that roles and responsibilities differ among the group
members, based on experience, decision of each members, personal background,
and knowledge on the project methodology.

Leader Responsibilities: The leader will provide leadership in every aspect

of the project with support from his members. This includes overseeing the
entire project, coordinating research activities on storm drainage systems,
paper editing, and ensuring the dissemination of research findings.

Member Responsibilities: The members will participate in team meetings,

learning exchanges, formulation of proposed flood control solutions, provide
suggestions and feedback on the methodology, documentation, data collection,
data analysis and interpretation.

1.2. SITE LOCATION AND USE

1.2.1 LOCATION BACKGROUND
Manila is the capital of the Philippines, located on the eastern shore of Manila
Bay, on the western edge of Luzon. It is subdivided into six legislative districts. The
5th district consists of Ermita, Malate, Paco Port Area, Intramuros, and San Andres
Bukid, including Manila South Cemetery.
Barangays: 649828
Area: 11.56 km
Population (2015): 366,714

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AN ASSESSMENT ON THE CURRENT STORM SEWER DESIGN
DISTRICT V MANILA

Figure 1.2.1.1 Manila's current fifth district highlighted

The topographic map of District 5 illustrates the difference of elevation of the

zones. The commercial zone and the university zone has a higher elevation than the
residential zone. Below is the topographic map of District 5.

Figure 1.2.1.2 Topographic Map of District 5

1.2.2 COMPREHESSIVE LAND USE

District fives land use is mainly composed of high intensity commercial/mixed
use zone and university cluster zone on the half of the district 5 and residential
zone on the other half. Below is the existing land use of District five.

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DISTRICT V MANILA

Figure 1.2.2 District 5 Comprehensive Land Use

1.3. SITE DESCRIPTION

1.3.1 BRIEF HISTORY
In the past, Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS) is the
corporation supplying water and sewerage services to Metro Manila. It is one of
the oldest waterworks systems in Asia, as well as one of the oldest government-
owned and controlled corporations in the Philippines.
By the early 1980s, Metro Manila was experiencing increased in
industrialization and sustained population growth. The water distribution and
sewerage collection networks were deteriorating and urgently required
rehabilitation and expansion to meet the demands. Thus June 19, 1971, the MWSS
charter was created and mandates that MWSS operate and maintain water and
sewerage service in Metro Manila as an autonomous government owned and
controlled corporation.
In June 1995, the Philippine Congress passed the "Water Crisis Act" or
Republic Act 8041. In December of that year President Fidel V. Ramos ordered the
reorganization of the MWSS and encourage private sector participation in the
privatization of MWSS operations and facilities. This is to address the issues
related to supply distribution, finance privatization, and strengthening the
government's anti-water pilferage efforts.

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AN ASSESSMENT ON THE CURRENT STORM SEWER DESIGN
DISTRICT V MANILA

1.3.2 FLOODING
In district five, different areas experience flooding. Flood prone areas has
increased flood damage potential due to the concentration of population and
developed property at various areas. Based from the existing storm drainage
system used in the study area, it is insufficient and unable to prevent flooding
whenever rainfall is experienced. Furthermore, observations show that many
portions of the pipe system have reduced its carrying capacity to lesser return
period flows as a result of the debris clogging up the system.

Figure 1.3.3.1 Flooding Map hazard of district 5

The drainage and flood control system in the city is made up of drainage main
and laterals. The existing design of the storm drainage present in district five is
made of the flowing:
1. Pipes for drainage main is 30 in diameter
2. Culverts of 1 meter x 1 meter to a maximum size of 1.60 meter x 1 meter.
3. Laterals made of concrete pipes the average size of which is 18 in diameter.

Figure1.3.3.2 Flood prone areas of district

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AN ASSESSMENT ON THE CURRENT STORM SEWER DESIGN
DISTRICT V MANILA

II. DETAILED DEVELOPMENT

PROPOSAL

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DISTRICT V MANILA

2.1 DEVELOPMENT SURFACE WATER DISCHARGE RATES

2.1.1. SURFACE WATER DRAINS

In the fifth district of Manila, the main stream of Pasig river system starts from
the river mouth to the upstream end along San Juan River, Napindan and
Manggahan channels and up North to the Marikina river system. It connects
Laguna de Bay to Manila Bay. Stretching for 25 kilometers, it bisects the Philippine
capital of Manila and its surrounding urban area into northern and southern halves.
Its major tributaries are the Marikina River and San Juan River. The total drainage
basin of Pasig River, including the basin of Laguna de Bay which covers 4,678
square.

Figure 2.1.1.1 Pasig River

Some of the existing nearby esteros which serves as surface water drainages
in district five are the following:

Figure 2.1.1.2 Estero De Balete

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DISTRICT V MANILA

Figure 2.1.1.3 Estero Provisor

Figure 2.1.1.4 Estero de Paco

Figure 2.1.1.5 Estero Tripa de Gallina

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2.2 SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE STRATEGY

2.2.1 CONCEPTUALIZED FLOW DIRECTION

To uniformly distribute the amount of surface runoff in the fifth district, the whole
study are was first divided into four parts at which the proposed design and
drainage solution may be conceptualized.

Figure 2.2.1 District Five Division

Area 1 Area 2

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AN ASSESSMENT ON THE CURRENT STORM SEWER DESIGN
DISTRICT V MANILA

Area 3
Area 4

To develop an effective way of evenly distributing the storm water discharge

despite the difference in elevation of the study area, the storm drainage lines would
be to create additional lines which would discharge at the nearest surface water. As
shown on the figure, the existing main drain of areas 3 and 4 would be retained while
the other areas far from the main drain such as 2 and 1 will have a newly constructed
main storm drain discharging to nearby esteros.

2.2.2 PROPOSED STORM DRAINAGE STRATEGY

Area 1: These kinds of areas are subjected to widespread flooding if ever extreme
or heavy rainfall condition occurs. For this area, an improved storm water canals
must be applied with the following standards used for storm drainage systems:

1. Pipes for drainage main is 30 in diameter

2. Laterals made of concrete pipes the average size of which is 18 in diameter

Area 2: For the second area, three of the main esteros present in district five is
present. As proposed, new drainage lines would be constructed and would
discharge to the nearest surface water.

Area 3: Since the third area would retains its existing storm drainage line, Esteros
and other drainage mains in Ermita and Malate are recommended to undergo the
following:

1. dredging
2. riprap

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AN ASSESSMENT ON THE CURRENT STORM SEWER DESIGN
DISTRICT V MANILA

3. Slope protection
4. Resettle informal settlers

Area 4: As for the fourth area, like the third area, the existing main storm drainage
line still be used. The existing main drainage discharges to the Estero tripa de
Gallina. Furthermore, the area should also undergo the following remedies:
1. dredging
2. riprap
3. Slope protection
4. Resettle informal settlers

2.3 FLOOD RISK STRATEGY AND ATTENUATION VALUE

As part of the government protocol, the most effective way to manage flood risk
is to take an integrated approach which combines both structural and non-structural
measures. This includes:

1. Land use ordinances

2. Strict enforcement of waterway easement laws
3. Increase local government and community awareness and participation.

For the fifth district of Manila, some of strategies which may be used to lessen
the intensity of flux through any type of medium in which flood may be controlled and
apply changes to the hydrograph are the following:

1. Diversion canals - Floods in district five can be controlled by redirecting

excess water to purpose-built canals or floodways, which in turn divert the
water to temporary holding ponds or other bodies of water where there is a
lower risk or impact to flooding.
2. Water catch Basin Placing catch basins on flood prone areas in the district
would greatly affect the peak flow and delay of storm water flow during
rainfall.

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AN ASSESSMENT ON THE CURRENT STORM SEWER DESIGN
DISTRICT V MANILA

Figure 2.2.1 Water catch basin placed at flood prone areas

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DISTRICT V MANILA

III. RECOMMENDATION

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DISTRICT V MANILA

Recommendation
For this project, storm sewer management systems, it is important for the
community to also take a step in a role in maintaining a healthy drainage system.
Even if the design of the most gifted engineer is being laid out in the structure, if the
public is still lacking of discipline, then there will be no proper layout and the design
would be useless.

For in any case, the project itself is costly, and the design should also be
maximized to have a more economical layout. Change in pipe systems would cost a
lot, and it would not be rational and feasible to be careless in designing.

Lastly, in managing the storm sewer system, one must be able to have a
creative layout in the pipe systems, but it should also conform to the requirements
that is needed for a certain area.

Hence, the design of a storm sewer layout is not that easy. There are certain
factor like cost, effectiveness, and design that are needed to be considered.

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DISTRICT V MANILA

IV. APPENDICES

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DISTRICT V MANILA

APPENDIX A: MAPS

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DISTRICT V MANILA

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Appendix B: Journal
The first that we did after being formed as a group is to give our thoughts
regarding our research. In addition, we also started to identify the things that needs to
be analyze in our project. After our first meeting as a group, we created a group chat
so that we will have the means to communicate with one another.
On august 27, we started already making our research work. Before we
proceed in gathering necessary informations regarding our project, we finalize first the
things that needs to be done so that we will have a guideline on the things that we
must do. After that, we distributed the work that each member in our group must
accomplish.
On september 2, our group talk about on where can we possibly get the data
that we need for our project as well as the proper format of the research. Besides from
that, we talked about the lectures that would help us in our research.
For the succeeding days, we started making the parts assigned to us and also,
we started gathering data and information that we need for our project. Gathering data
from different offices is quite hard because there are times wherein the data that you
need is not available in sub offices that's why we are being referred to main offices.
In september 9, we are somehow making a progress because we are able to
gather some important data and information. The parts which is assigned to us are
also being supervised well. Members of our group are very cooperative for we are very
open for suggestions, as well as if we have critics for a specific part.
In the following days, we are able to finalize little by little our project. There are
instances of cancellations of classes as well as work due to unpreventable events
that's why we somehow slowdown a bit.
In the week before the submission, we started finalizing our analysis for our
research. We are helping one another in cases our groupmates are having a trouble
in his part. There are parts in our report that needs critical analysis that's why we are
trying to help them.
Overall, we can say that each one of us has done their part and actually, there
are members of our group that really extend their efforts to the fullest in order to have
a good report. Making a research work is not easy but in the end, in will be all worthy
because of the knowledge and experiences we have while making this research

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V. REFERENCES
Hazard Data, Mines and Geoscience Bureau (MGB)
Socioeconomic and Physical Profile of City Planning and Development Office
of Manila (2005)
Contour, River and Road, National Mapping and Resource Information
Authority (NAMRIA)
Manila Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Zoning Regulations of 2006
Plans, Design and Project Monitoring Division by Metropolitan Manila
Development Authority
Jr, T. U. (2015). Flood Control and Drainage System of Espana Boulevard in.
International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity, 17-28.
MMDA. (2013, October 7). GOVPH Metro Manila Development Authority.
Retrieved from MMDA Chief Asks Congress to Create "Bureau of Drainage
Systems and Services" : http://www.mmda.gov.ph/11-news/142-mmda-chief-
asks-congress-to-create-bureau-of-drainage-systems-and-services
Sauler, E. (2013). Manila govt to study drain system of flood-prone underpass.
Philippine Daily Inquirer.
T. U. Ganiron Jr., An Analysis of Public Perception of Floods in Manila City,
International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity, vol. 5, no.
1, (2014), pp. 1-14.
E. Rivera, C. Guanzon, V. Opena, R. Papio and A. J. Hernandez,
Rehabilitation of the Drainage System and the Construction of Pumping
Station that will serve as Flood Control in FEATI University for the Next
Decades, BS Thesis, Civil Engineering Department, FEATI University, Manila,
(2002).

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