CTU592 : ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE

ANAS BIN MOHD KAMAL

2016655836

AS2465L

WORD TRANSLATION REFERENCE

Itqan The level of quality work, to arrange The Perfect Guide to the Sciences of
and dispose of things in a scientific the Quran, Volume 1, Imam Jalal al-
and artistic way in order to obtain the Din al-Suyuti.
most perfect results. An Arabic
synonym for itqan is ihkam (to do
something with wisdom).
Ikhlas The conceptual purification of a Philosophy and Mysticism in Bahya
deeds, implies a continuum, a spiritual ibn Paquda, Diana Lobel (Chapter 7,
path following for degrees of page 158)
devotion.
Tafsir The Arabic word fasara, which literally Introduction to the Science of Tafsir,
means to lift the curtain, to make Ayatullah Jafar Subhani. (part 3, page
clear, to show the objective, and 22)
hence by analogy tafsir is the body of
knowledge which aims to make clear
the true meaning of the Qur'an, its
injunctions and the occasions of its
revelation.
Takwil To denote the interpretation or Introduction to the Science of Tafsir,
reclamation of meanings of the Qur'an Ayatullah Jafar Subhani. (part 3, page
text. Some scholars believe 22)
that ta'wil is synonymous
with tafsir, others have denied and
suggest that tafsir refers to the
illumination of the external meaning
of the Qur'an while ta'wil is the
extraction of the hidden meanings.
Al-Ahkam Hukm is the word and command of Medieval Islamic Civilization : An
Allah that is addressed and related Encyclopedia, Josef W. Meri. (page
specifically to the actions, or :325)
behaviors, or deeds of humans who
are capable of performing these
commands.
Halah/Wajib Fard or its synonym wajib is one of the Medieval Islamic Civilization : An
five types of Ahkam into Encyclopedia, Josef W. Meri. (page
which Fiqh categorizes acts of :330)
every Muslim. The Hanafi Fiqh
however makes a distinction
between Wajib and Fard, the latter
being obligatory and the former
merely necessary.
Haram Is an Arabic term meaning Medieval Islamic Civilization : An
"forbidden", or "sacred". In Islam it is Encyclopedia, Josef W. Meri. (page
used to refer to anything that is :330)
prohibited by the word of Allah (God)
in the Qur'an or the Hadith Qudsi.
Haram is the highest status of
prohibition given to anything that
would result in sin when a Muslim
commits it.
Makruh In Islamic terminology, something Medieval Islamic Civilization : An
which is makruh (Arabic, Encyclopedia, Josef W. Meri. (page
also transliterated :330)
makrouh, makrh etc.) is a disliked or
offensive act (literally "hated").
Though it is not haram (forbidden)
and therefore not a sin, a person who
abstains from this action will be
rewarded. Muslims are encouraged to
avoid such actions when possible.
Mubah/Permi Is an Islamic Arabic term denoting an Medieval Islamic Civilization : An
ssible action as neither forbidden nor Encyclopedia, Josef W. Meri. (page
recommended, and so religiously :331)
neutral. This is one of the degrees of
approval (ahkam) in Islamic law.