STH2153

ANIMAL NUTRITION
ASSIGNMENT 1

FEED FORMULATION

Lecturers name : BADIOZAMAN BIN SULAIMAN

SALMA BINTI SULAIMAN 57761

SOON VIVIAN 57988
LITERATURE REVIEW

The scientific name for domestic geese are Anser anser domesticus (Greylag goose)
and Anser cygnoides domesticus (Swan goose). They are of Family Anatidae. In eastern Asia,
these geese are derived from swan goose whose common name is Chinese Geese (Buckland
& Guy, 2002). Domestic geese are widely kept as poultry animal for their meat, egg, foie gras
and down feathers (Perez, 2012). Some geese displays quite an aggressive behavior and are
very vocal. Hence, they are sometimes used as watch animals and guards.

According to Joshi (2011), commercial geese grows in a rapid manner and are hard to
keep up in pastures. However, they can be reared in confinement, if fed a properly balanced
diet. Geese can be fed pellet or pellet and grain system. Geese generally prefers wheat to
pellets. However, they are able to increase in weight much better with a pellet ration. () Geese
generally require 15% protein in their diet while goslings require 20% protein. The also need
5% lipid, about 4% macromineral (0.65% calcium, 0.3% phosphorus, and etc.), 1500IU
vitamin A and 200IU vitamin B (National Research Council of United States, 1994). It is
impossible to set energy in terms of unit/kg diet because geese adjust their feed intake to
achieve energy level. In feeding geese, plenty of fresh water supplies should be provided at
all times as they need to clean their sinuses after eating. Geese also requires little amount of
grit in their daily diet for their gizzard to mill the food (Ashton, 2010).

ANIMAL FEED DESIGN

Figure 1: Geese feed (Gablestok, 2017)

In our geese feed design, the feed is made up of 60% pellet and 40% dried whole corn
and whole grain. Whole grain contains wheat, barley, oats and corn.
The pellet is made up of ground corn, soy bean, premix vitamin, premix minerals.
 Vitamin A and E are supplied in vitamin premix to reduce poor hatchibility and
disease resistance in the geese. Vitamin D is also supplied in vitamin premix as geese
reared in confinement do not get sunlight and hence causes weak bones or deformed
bones (Ashton, 2012).
Grit is added in the feed help in their gizzards efficiency in digestion (Floulkes,
1996). Whole grains that are in the feed are sharp, hence, grit must be fed to help in
digestion (Ashton, 2012).
Lignin is chosen as the binder as it is derived from natural sources and make fibrous
crops more digestible. Preservatives such as ethoxyquin are not added as it is harmful
for the geese if fed over their potentially long lifespan (Ashton, 2012).

Nutrition Percentage Source Description

(%) for 1kg
food
Carbohydrates 60 Whole wheat Needed for source of energy.
Whole grain
Protein 20 Whole corn Needed for growth, feathering
kernel and bone development.
soy bean
Mineral 7 Premix Helps in metabolic
functions.
Important mineral for
geese include calcium
and zinc which are
needed for egg
development.
Vitamin 7 Premix Helps in metabolic
functions.
Vitamin D required for
egg shell formation.

Fats 5 Corn oil Helps to maintain health

and body functions.
Act as lubricant in
pellet.
Additive 1 Lignin Lignin is used for binder
extract from to make a pallet.
bamboo. Xanthophyll is needed
Xanthophyll for yellow pigmentation
extract from of the beak, skin, shank
corn. and feet.
Grit from Grit is needed to help
crushed digestion process.
oyster shell.
REFERENCE

1. Ashton, C. (2010). Domestic geese: Breeds and management. UK: The Crowood Press
Ltd.
2. Ashton, C. (2012). Keeping geese. UK: The Crowood Press Ltd.
3. Buckland, R. & Guy, G. (Eds.). (2002). Goose production. Rome: Food and
Agriculture Organization (FOA) of the United Nations.
4. Floulkes, D. (1996). Agnote. Nutritional management of geese, 272, 1-3.
5. Kellems, R.O. & Church, D.C. (2010). Livestock feeds and feeding (6th ed). Boston:
Prentice Hal
6. Lee, I.C. (2014). Animal Nutrition Handbook. Poultry nutrition and feeding, 12, 410-425.
7. Perez, Q. (2012). Poultry farming and feed formulations: Nutritions, Methods and
Strategies of Feeding. Birmingham, United Kingdom: Koros Press Limited.