Experiment

Basic Filters: High Pass Filter

1.Objectives(s):
The activity aim to introduce to the concept of high pass filter and the fundamental
modalities of an high pass filter, this will give the student the knowledge on what is the
actual characteristic of a high pass filter using operational amplifier
2.Intended Learning Outcome(ILOs):
The Student shall be able to:
2.1 Explain the operation of high pass filter using operational amplifier.
2.2 Demonstrate the operation of the high pass filter by using operational amplifier.
2.3 Determine the frequency response of a high pass filter by using operational
amplifier.
2.4 Use mathematical approach to verify the gathered data.

3.Discussion
A High Pass Filter is the exact opposite to that of the previously seen low pass filter
circuit as the two components have been interchanged with the filters output signal
(Vout) being taken from across the resistor.
The basic operation of an Active High Pass Filter (HPF) is the same as for its equivalent
RC passive high pass filter circuit, except this time the circuit has an operational
amplifier or included within its design providing amplification and gain control.

Technically, there is no such thing as an active high pass filter. Unlike Passive High Pass
Filters which have an infinite frequency response, the maximum pass band frequency
response of an active high pass filter is limited by the open-loop characteristics or
bandwidth of the operational amplifier being used, making them appear as if they are
band pass filters with a high frequency cut-off determined by the selection of op-amp
and gain.

In the Operational Amplifier tutorial we saw that the maximum frequency response of
an op-amp is limited to the Gain/Bandwidth product or open loop voltage gain ( A V ) of
the operational amplifier being used giving it a bandwidth limitation, where the closed
loop response of the op amp intersects the open loop response.

Then the performance of a high pass filter at high frequencies is limited by this unity
gain crossover frequency which determines the overall bandwidth of the open-loop
amplifier. The gain-bandwidth product of the op-amp starts from around 100kHz for
small signal amplifiers up to about 1GHz for high-speed digital video amplifiers and op-
amp based active filters can achieve very good accuracy and performance provided that
low tolerance resistors and capacitors are used.

A first-order (single-pole) Active High Pass Filter as its name implies, attenuates low
frequencies and passes high frequency signals. It consists simply of a passive filter
section followed by a non-inverting operational amplifier. The frequency response of
the circuit is the same as that of the passive filter, except that the amplitude of the
signal is increased by the gain of the amplifier and for a non-inverting amplifier the value
of the pass band voltage gain is given as 1 + R2/R1, the same as for the low pass filter
circuit.
4.Resources:
Equipments
- (1 )Oscilloscope
- (1 )Function Generator
- (1 set/12pcs) Connecting Wires
- (1)Dual polarity power supply +10v/-10v
- (1)Breadboard
- (1) Digital Multimeter
Electronic Components.
- (1 pcs) 10k ohms resistor 1watt
- (1 pcs) 15k ohms resistor 1watt
- (1 pcs) 20k ohms resistor 1watt
- (1 pcs) LM 741
- (1 pcs) 241.14pF electrolytic capacitor

5.Procedure:
1. In this activity requires multisim.

2. From the start open the computer.

3. Find the multisim on the desktop of the computer or search it on the start menu.

4. After finding the multisim,right right-click on the panel then click place
Component

5. Next is search for the components that needed.

6. Place a source Vee and Vss on the operational amplifier that has +10 and -10
7. The pin out of LM 741 is shown in the figure 1 below. This will provide the
connection of positive bias voltage which is pin 7 (10v) and negative bias voltage
which is pin 4(-10v), and pin 8 will be left alone.

8. Operate the function generator make sure its working as well as the oscilloscope
make sure this equipments are functioning properly

9. Adjust the power supply by 1v peak to peak and connect the source from the
positive and negative input. Adjust the function generator to 100khz of frequency

10. Connect all the required circuit of active high pass filter in the breadboard which
is shown figure 2 below. R1 = 10kohm, R2= 15kohm , R3 = 20kohm, 241.14pF
capacitor.
11. Observe the output wave on the oscilloscope screen, the output signal of the
operational amplifier: the signal is non-inverting same phase as the input signal

12. Vary the frequency from 1 Hz to 100 kHz. Measure and calculate the value of the
peak-to-peak output voltage (UO) and gain (dB), by writing the results in Table 1. Use
the following formula:

1
fH =
2 R 3 C1
R f
1 + R2 (f )
1 H
AV1 =
2
1 + ( f )
fH
 UO1 = (AV1 )(Vi )
AdBV1 = 20 log(AV1 )

6. Data and results

Table 1: High Pass Filter

Voltage Voltage Decibel Gain
Decibel Gain
gain(Vo/Vi) gain(Vo/Vi) (AdBV1)
Frequency (AdBV1)
(UO1) (UO1)
Measured Value Calculated Value
1 Hz 76u -82.412 75.75757572 -82.41147863
4999 Hz 376m -8.159 0.374440226 -8.532350018
9999 Hz 724m -2.932 0.724952083 -2.793813956
14999 Hz 1.04 0.281 1.034450202 0.294191776
19999 Hz 1.30 2.279 1.295706906 2.25013547
24999 Hz 1.50 3.526 1.509605853 3.577271418
29999 Hz 1.68 4.394 1.681651293 4.514718911
34999 Hz 1.82 5.138 1.818949057 5.196410719
39999 Hz 1.92 5.613 1.928413671 5.704004034
44999 Hz 2.00 6.018 2.015996822 6.089796864
49999 Hz 2.06 6.357 2.086510854 6.388412965
54999 Hz 2.12 6.547 2.143721997 6.623369285
59999 Hz 2.17 6.712 2.190531292 6.810989232
64999 Hz 2.20 6.852 2.229159895 6.96282442
69999 Hz 2.22 6.972 2.261308233 7.08719528
74999 Hz 2.24 7.025 2.288282632 7.190193287
79999 Hz 2.25 7.072 2.311092302 7.276345819
84999 Hz 2.22 7.149 2.330522258 7.349065101
90000 Hz 2.20 7.195 2.34719079 7.410967847
100000 Hz 2.10 7.232 2.374071623 7.509876339
(Calculation and graphs)
1hz
Voltage Gain(graph) Bode Plot

Voltage Gain(Computation) Decibel Gain

= 20 log() = -82.41147863
15000 1
(1 + )( )
10000 33000
= = 7.574609910 5
1
1 + ( )
33000

4999hz
Voltage Gain(graph) Bode Plot

Voltage Gain(Computation) Decibel Gain

= 20 log() = -8.532350018
15000 4999
(1+ )( )
10000 33000
= 4999
=0.374440226
1+( )
33000
9999hz
Voltage Gain(graph) Bode Plot

Voltage Gain(Computation) Decibel Gain

15000 9999
(1+
10000
)(
33000
) = 20 log() = -2.793813956
= =0.724952083
9999
1+( )
33000

14999
Voltage Gain(graph) Bode Plot

Voltage Gain(Computation) Decibel Gain

15000 14999
(1+
10000
)(
33000
) = 20 log() = 0.294191776
= =1.034450202
14999
1+( )
33000
19999
Voltage Gain(graph) Bode Plot

Voltage Gain(Computation) Decibel Gain

15000 1999
(1+ )( )
10000 33000
= =1.295706906 = 20 log() = 2.25013547
19999
1+( )
33000

24999hz
Voltage Gain(graph) Bode Plot

Voltage Gain(Computation) Decibel Gain

15000 24999
(1+
10000
)(
33000
) = 20 log() = 3.577271418
= =1.509605853
24999
1+( )
33000
29999hz
Voltage Gain(graph) Bode Plot

Voltage Gain(Computation) Decibel Gain

15000 29999
(1+
10000
)(
33000
) = 20 log() = 4.514718911
= =1.681651293
29999
1+( )
33000

34999hz
Voltage Gain(graph) Bode Plot

Voltage Gain(Computation) Decibel Gain

15000 34999
(1+
10000
)(
33000
) = 20 log() = 5.196410719
= =1.818949057
34999
1+( )
33000
39999hz
Voltage Gain(graph) Bode Plot

Voltage Gain(Computation) Decibel Gain

15000 39999
(1+
10000
)(
33000
) = 20 log() = 5.704004034
= =1.928413671
39999
1+( )
33000

44999hz
Voltage Gain(graph) Bode Plot

Voltage Gain(Computation) Decibel Gain

15000 44999
(1+
10000
)(
33000
) = 20 log() = 6.089796864
= =2.015996822
44999
1+( )
33000
49999hz
Voltage Gain(graph) Bode Plot

Voltage Gain(Computation) Decibel Gain

15000 49999
(1+ )( )
10000 33000
= =2.086510854 = 20 log() = 6.388412965
49999
1+( )
33000

54999hz
Voltage Gain(graph) Bode Plot

Voltage Gain(Computation) Decibel Gain

15000 54999
(1+
10000
)(
33000
) = 20 log() = 6.623369285
= =2.143721997
54999
1+( )
33000
59999hz
Voltage Gain(graph) Bode Plot

Voltage Gain(Computation) Decibel Gain

15000 59999
(1+
10000
)(
33000
) = 20 log() = 6.810989232
= =2.190531292
59999
1+( )
33000

64999hz
Voltage Gain(graph) Bode Plot

Voltage Gain(Computation) Decibel Gain

= 20 log() = 6.96282442
15000 64999
(1+ )( )
10000 33000
= =2.229159895
64999
1+( )
33000
69999hz
Voltage Gain(graph) Bode Plot

Voltage Gain(Computation) Decibel Gain

15000 69999
(1+
10000
)(
33000
) = 20 log() = 7.08719528
= =2.261308233
69999
1+( )
33000

74999hz
Voltage Gain(graph) Bode Plot

Voltage Gain(Computation) Decibel Gain

15000 74999
(1+
10000
)(
33000
) = 20 log() = 7.190193287
= =2.288282632
74999
1+( )
33000
79999hz
Voltage Gain(graph) Bode Plot

Voltage Gain(Computation) Decibel Gain

15000 79999
(1+
10000
)(
33000
) = 20 log() = 7.276345819
= =2.311092302
79999
1+( )
33000

84999hz
Voltage Gain(graph) Bode Plot

Voltage Gain(Computation) Decibel Gain

15000 84999
(1+
10000
)(
33000
) = 20 log() = 7.349065101
= =2.330522258
84999
1+( )
33000
90000hz
Voltage Gain(graph) Bode Plot

Voltage Gain(Computation) Decibel Gain

15000 90000
(1+
10000
)(
33000
) = 20 log() = 7.410967847
= =2.34719079
90000
1+( )
33000

100000hz
Voltage Gain(graph) Bode Plot

Voltage Gain(Computation) Decibel Gain

15000 100000
(1+
10000
)(
33000
) = 20 log() = 7.509876339
= =2.374071623
1000000
1+( )
33000
Course: Experiment #
Group No: Section:
Group Members: Date Performed:
Date Submitted:
Instructor:

7.Observation

8.Conclusion

9.Question And Problems

9.1 What would happen to the values of fc if the value of the capacitor C for low-pass
filter and high pass filter is increased?

9.2 What would happen to the actual values of fc if the values of Vin is Decreased
10. Assessment(Rubric for Laboratory Performance)

BEGINNER ACCEPTABLE PROFICIENT

CRITERIA SCORE
1 2 3
I. Laboratory Skills
Members do not Members occasionally
Manipulative Members always
demonstrate demonstrate needed
Skills demonstrate needed skills.
needed skills. skills
Members are Members are able to Members are able to set-
Experimental
unable to set-up set-up the materials up the materials with
Set-up
the materials. with supervision. minimum supervision.
Members do not
Members occasionally Members always
demonstrate
Process Skills demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted
targeted process
process skills. process skills.
skills.
Members do not Members follow
Safety Members follow safety
follow safety safety precautions
Precautions precautions at all times.
precautions. most of the time.
II. Work Habits
Time Members do not
Members finish on Members finish ahead of
Management/ finish on time
time with incomplete time with complete data
Conduct of with incomplete
data. and time to revise data.
Experiment data.
Members do not
Members have
know their tasks
defined Members are on tasks and
and have no
responsibilities most have defined
defined
Cooperative of the time. Group responsibilities at all times.
responsibilities.
and Teamwork conflicts are Group conflicts are
Group conflicts
cooperatively cooperatively managed at
have to be
managed most of the all times.
settled by the
time.
teacher.
Clean and orderly
Clean and orderly
Messy workplace workplace with
Neatness and workplace at all times
during and after occasional mess
Orderliness during and after the
the experiment. during and after the
experiment.
experiment.
Ability to do Members require Members require Members do not need to
independent supervision by occasional supervision be supervised by the
work the teacher. by the teacher. teacher.
Other Comments/Observations: Total Score

( )
= 100
24