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Abstract
It is also interesting to note that work The SI unit of power is watt (W),
is not a measure of how tired you are after named for the English inventor James Watt.
perform the work. It is a measure of the One watt equals 1 joule per second: 1 J = 1
J/s. The kilowatt (1 kW = 103 W) and the Energy
megawatt (1 MW = 106 W) are also
commonly used. In the British system, worlo Energy is the ability to do work, and
is expressed in foot-pounds, and the unit of when work is done, there is always a
power is the foot-pound per second [3]. A transfer of energy. Energy can take on many
larger unit called the horsepower (hp) is also forms, such as potential energy, kinetic
used energy, and heat energy. The unit for energy
is the same as the unit for work, the joule
1 hp = 746 W = 0.746 kW (J). This is because the amount of work done
on a system is exactly equal to the change in
The watt is a familiar unit of energy of the system. This is called the
electrical power. The kilowatt-hour (kWh) is work-energy theorem.
the usual commercial unit of electrical
energy. One kilowatt-hour is the total work Potential Energy
done in 1 hour (3600 seconds) when the
power is 1 kilowatt (103 J/s). Potential energy is the energy a
system has because of its position or
In Classical Mechanics, power can configuration [4]. For instance, stretching a
also be expressed in terms of force and rubber band means you store energy in the
velocity [3]. Suppose that a force F on a rubber band as elastic potential energy.
body while it undergoes a vector
displacement . If the F|| is the component Potential energy generally has two
forms. On one hand, it is the gravitational
of F tangent to the path (parallel to ), then
potential energy Ugrav. It is defined as the
the work done by the force is = F|| ,
product of the bodys weight (mg) and its
The average power is
height (y) above the ground
[eq. 2.8]
Mathematically, the potential energy
is a path-independent or conservative
physical quantity. For instance, consider a
body moving in a conservative force-field
f(r), Picking some point O arbitrarily in the
field, we can define a function U(r) which
possesses a unique value at every point in
the field [4]. The value of this function is
associated with some general point R is Fig. 2.0 The derivation of the Work-Energy Theorem
simply (Photo credit: http://homepages.wmich.edu/~kaldon/classes/ph205-
22-KE-Derivation-Calculus.gif)
But in order for a mass to gain KE, In other words, the increase in the
work must be done on the mass to push it up KE of the body, as it moves from some point
to a certain speed or to slow it down. The to another point, is equal to the decrease in
work-energy theorem states that the change the U evaluated between these same two
in KE of an object is exactly equal to the points.
work done on it [2], assuming there is no
change in the objects potential energy.
It is clear that E is a conserved After obtaining all the relevant data,
quantity. Although the KE and U of the the power output P of each member was
object varies, its total energy remains the calculated by multiplying the force F and
same. the displacement s (in this case, htotal = s)
and dividing it overall by the time taken to
The principle of conservation of go up and down the staircase. In addition,
mechanical energy also states that energy of the most powerful member of the group
an isolated system can be neither created nor was determined by the largest numerical
destroyed but can be transformed to other value of the calculated power output.
forms of energy [2]. In other words, the
following must hold: Activity 2: Energy a Tossed Ball
Predictions:
7. References