Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

Its capital, Budapest, is

bisected by the Danube River and famed for its dramatic cityscape studded with
architectural landmarks from Budas medieval Castle Hill and the grand neoclassical
buildings along Pests Andrssy Avenue to the 19th-century Chain Bridge. The
country has a long, rich history, and its culture reflects Roman, Turkish, Slavic
and Magyar influences.Hungary (Listeni/'h??g?ri/; Hungarian: Magyarorszg ['m???
rorsa?g] ( listen)) is a sovereign state in Europe. It is situated in the
Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Romania to the east,
Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, Slovenia to the west, Austria to the
northwest, and Ukraine to the northeast. The country's capital and largest city is
Budapest. Hungary is a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the Visegrd
Group, and the Schengen Area. The official language is Hungarian, which is the most
widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe.[9]

Following centuries of successive habitation by Celts, Romans, Huns, Slavs, Gepids,

and Avars, the foundation of Hungary was laid in the late 9th century by the
Hungarian grand prince rpd in the Honfoglals ("homeland-conquest"). His great-
grandson Stephen I ascended to the throne in 1000 CE, converting the country to a
Christian kingdom. By the 12th century, Hungary became a middle power within the
Western world, reaching a golden age by the 15th century.[10] Following the Battle
of Mohcs in 1526 and about 150 years of partial Ottoman occupation (15411699),
Hungary came under Habsburg rule, and later formed a significant part of the
AustroHungarian Empire (18671918).

Hungary's current borders were first established by the Treaty of Trianon (1920)
after World War I, when the country lost 71% of its territory, 58% of its
population, and 32% of ethnic Hungarians. Following the interwar period, Hungary
joined the Axis Powers in World War II, suffering significant damage and
casualties. Hungary came under the influence of the Soviet Union, which contributed
to the establishment of a four-decade-long communist dictatorship (19471989). The
country gained widespread international attention regarding the Revolution of 1956
and the seminal opening of its previously-restricted border with Austria in 1989,
which accelerated the collapse of the Eastern Bloc.

On 23 October 1989, Hungary again became a democratic parliamentary republic, and

today has a high-income economy[11] with a very high Human Development Index.[12]
[13] Hungary is a popular tourist destination attracting 10.675 million tourists a
year (2013).[14] It is home to the largest thermal water cave system[15] and the
second-largest thermal lake in the world (Lake Hvz), the largest lake in Central
Europe (Lake Balaton), and the largest natural grasslands in Europe (the Hortobgy
National Park).

Contents [hide]
1 Etymology
2 History
2.1 Before 895
2.2 Medieval Hungary 8951526
2.3 Ottoman wars 15261699
2.4 From the 18th century to World War I
2.5 Between the World Wars 19181941
2.6 World War II 19411945
2.7 Communism 19451989
2.8 Third Republic 1989present
3 Geography
3.1 Climate
4 Governance
4.1 Political parties
4.2 Administrative divisions
4.3 Military
5 Foreign relations
6 Economy
6.1 Science and technology
6.2 Transport
7 Education
8 Demographics
8.1 Languages
8.2 Ethnic groups
8.3 Religion
8.4 Urbanisation
9 Culture
9.1 Architecture
9.2 Music
9.3 Literature
9.4 Cuisine
9.5 Recreation
9.6 Folk art
9.7 Porcelain
9.8 Sport
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
Etymology
Main article: Name of Hungary
The "H" in the name of Hungary (and Latin Hungaria) is most likely due to early
historical associations with the Huns, who had settled Hungary prior to the Avars.
The rest of the word comes from the Latinized form of Byzantine Greek Oungroi
(???????). According to an explanation the Greek name was borrowed from Old
Bulgarian agrinu, in turn borrowed from Oghur-Turkic Onogur ('ten [tribes of the]
Ogurs'). Onogur was the collective name for the tribes who later joined the Bulgar
tribal confederacy that ruled the eastern parts of Hungary after the Avars. The
Hungarians likely belonged to the Onogur tribal alliance and it is quite possible
they became its ethnic majority.[16][17]

The Hungarian endonym is Magyarorszg, composed of magyar ('Hungarian') and orszg

('country'). The word magyar is taken from the name of one of the seven major semi-
nomadic Hungarian tribes, magyeri.[18][19][20] The first element magy is likely
from Proto-Ugric *mnc- 'man, person', also found in the name of the Mansi people
(mnci, mansi, mns). The second element eri, 'man, men, lineage', survives in
Hungarian frj 'husband', and is cognate with Mari erge 'son', Finnish archaic yrk
'young man'.[21]

History