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Reliable Pump Services

The Service You Need With The Name You Trust.

TEL: 708-371-6181 FAX: 708-332-9611

TYPES OF PUMPS SERVICED

Boiler Feed Pumps Sewage Pumps


Condensate Pumps Submersible Pumps
Dry Pit Submersible Pumps Thermal Fluid Pumps
End Suction Pumps Vertical Line Shaft Pumps
Horizontal Split Case Pumps Vertical Turbine Pumps
Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps All Types of Blowers
Process Pumps All Types of Fans
Progressive Cavity Pumps All Types of Gear Boxes
Segmented Pumps All Types of Mixers

PUMP BRANDS SERVICED

Allis Chalmers (A-C pumps) Johnston


Allweiler KSB
Armstrong Marlow
Aurora Moyno
Bell & Gossett (B & G pumps) Pacific
Chicago Peerless
Fairbanks Morse Toyo
Goulds Worthington
Grundfos Union
Ingersoll Rand (I-R pumps) All other brands

INDUSTRIES SERVICED

Commercial Buildings Pharmaceutical Plants


Food Process Plants Pipe Line facilities
Industrial Plants Power Plants Fossil
Municipal Water Treatment Plants Steel Mill Plants
Paper Mill Wastewater Treatment Plants

CUSTOMER SERVICED

Best Foods Texas Pipe Line


Cook County Jail Vulcan Materials
Entenmanns Bakery West Lake Hospital
George Weston Baking Village of Frankfort

SERVICE CAPABILITIES

Factory Trained Technicians Pump System Troubleshooting


Dynamic Balancing Pump Vibration Analysis
In House Complete Machine Shop Service Contracts
In Stock Pumps & Parts Technical & Engineering Support
Preventive Maintenance Program Technical Field Service Support

Contact
Information
Contact Name: ADAM KRZYZANOWSKI
Phone: 1-630-543-7867
205 E.Butterfield Rd #242, Elmhurst, IL.
Address:
60126
Fax: 1-630-578-1480
E-Mail: Adam@pumprite.com
Atmospheric Pressure
Atmospheric Pressure
@ Sea Level

Absolute Pressure
The sum of the available atmospheric pressure and the gage pressure in the
pumping system
Absolute Pressure (PSIA) = Gauge Pressure + Atmospheric Pressure

Absolute P. = 150 PSIG (Gauge P.) + 14.7 PSI (Atmospheric P.) = 164.7 PSIA
Vacuum
The full or partial elimination of Atmospheric Pressure
Atmospheric Pressure on the Moon = 0 = Full Vacuum
1 Inch Hg Vacuum = 1.13 Ft of Water
Specific Gravity
Specific Gravity is the ratio of the weight of anything to the weight of water.
Specific Gravity of HCl = (Weight of HCl)/(Weight of Water) = (10.0)/(8.34) = 1.2
Pressure and Liquid Height Relationship (Head)

1 PSI = 2.31 Ft of Water


Pressure, Liquid Height, & Specific Gravity Relationship

Pressure (PSI) = Head (FT) x Specific Gravity (SG) / 2.31


Example - Water - 231Ft x 1.0 / 2.31 = 100 PSI
Example - HCL - 231 Ft x 1.2 / 2.31 = 120 PSI
Example - Gas - 231 Ft x .80 / 2.31 = 80 PSI
Vapor Pressure

The pressure pushing against atmospheric pressure on liquids at elevated


temperatures.
Suction Head
A Suction Head exists when the liquid is taken from an open to atmosphere tank
where the liquid level is above the centerline of the pump suction, commonly
known as a Flooded Suction.
Total Dynamic Head
Total Dynamic Head (TDH) = Elevation(ft) + Friction(ft)

Centrifugal Pump Components


The two main components of a centrifugal pump are the impeller and the volute.
The impeller produces liquid velocity and the volute forces the liquid to
discharge from the pump converting velocity to pressure. This is accomplished
by offsetting the impeller in the volute and by maintaining a close clearance
between the impeller and the volute at the cut-water. Please note the impeller
rotation. A centrifugal pump impeller slings the liquid out of the volute. It does
not cup the liquid.

Pump Performance Curve


A Pump Performance Curve is produced by a pump manufacturer
from actual tests performed and shows the relationship between
Flow and Total Dynamic Head, the Efficiency, the NPSH Required,
and the BHP Required.
Higher Head = Lower Flow Lower Head = Higher Flow
Lower Flow = Lower Horsepower Higher Flow = Higher Horsepower
Based on Water SG 1.0
Capacity
A Centrifugal Pump is a variable displacement pump. The actual flow rate
achieved is directly dependent on the Total Dynamic Head it must work against.
The flow capacity of a centrifugal pump also depends on three (3) other factors:
1 Pump Design
2 Impeller Diameter
3 Pump Speed

Affinity Laws
The performance of a centrifugal pump is affected by a change in speed or
impeller diameter.
Q = Capacity (GPM) D = Impeller Diameter N= Speed(RPM)
H = Total Dynamic Head(Feet) BHP = Brake Horsepower
The affinity law for a centrifugal pump with the impeller diameter held constant
and the speed changed:
Flow: Q1 / Q2 = N1 / N2
Example: 100 / Q2 = 1750/3500 Q2 = 200 GPM
Head: H1/H2 = (N1) x (N1) / (N2) x (N2)
Example: 100 /H2 = 1750 x 1750 / 3500 x 3500 H2 = 400 Ft
Horsepower (BHP):
BHP1 / BHP2 = (N1) x (N1) x (N1) / (N2) x (N2) x (N2)
Example: 5/BHP2 = 1750 x 1750 x 1750 / 3500 x 3500 x 3500 BHP2 = 40
The affinity law for a centrifugal pump with the speed held constant and the
impeller diameter changed:
Flow: Q1 / Q2 = D1 / D2
Example: 100 / Q2 = 8/6 Q2 = 75 GPM
Head: H1/H2 = (D1) x (D1) / (D2) x (D2)
Example: 100 /H2 = 8 x 8 / 6 x 6 H2 = 56.25 Ft
Horsepower (BHP):
BHP1 / BHP2 = (D1) x (D1) x (D1) / (D2) x (D2) x (D2)
Example: 5/BHP2 = 8 x 8 x 8 / 6 x 6 x 6 BHP2 = 2.1
Brake Horsepower
BHP = Flow(GPM) X TDH(FT) x SG /3960xEFFICIENCY(%)
Example: BHP = (100 GPM) x (95 Ft) x (1.0) / 3960 x .6 BHP = 4.0

Calculating Total Dynamic Head (TDH)


Flooded Suction Application

TDH = Total Discharge Head - Total Suction Head


Total Suction Head = Static - Friction
Total Discharge Head = Static + Friction

Suction Lift Application


TDH = Total Discharge Head + Total Suction Lift
Total Suction Lift= Static + Friction
Total Discharge Head = Static + Friction
Total Dynamic Head = Total Discharge Head + Total Suction Head
System Head Curve
To Calculate a System Head Curve several points must be chosen to calculate
friction losses on both the suction and discharge sides of the pump at various
flow rates. The static suction head/lift and the static discharge head remain
constant.
Net Positive Suction Head
Net Positive Suction Head Required (NPSHR)
The net positive suction head required is a function of the pump design at the
operating point on the pump performance curve.
Net Positive Suction Head Available (NPSHA)
The net positive suction head available is a function of the pump suction system.
The Net Positive Suction Head is the absolute total suction head in feet.
The NPSH available in a flooded suction system is:
Atmospheric Pressure (-) Vapor Pressure (+) Liquid Height (-) Friction in the
Suction Line.

The NPSH available in a suction lift system is:


Atmospheric Pressure (-) Vapor Pressure (-) Liquid Ht. (-) Friction in the
Suction Line.

If the NPSHA < NPSHR the Pump will cavitate


Cavitation
Cavitation may occur in two different forms:
Suction Cavitation
Suction Cavitation occurs when the pump suction is under a low pressure/high
vacuum condition where the liquid turns into a vapor at the eye of the pump
impeller. This vapor is carried over to the discharge side of the pump where it no
longer sees vacuum and is compressed back into a liquid by the discharge
pressure. This imploding action occurs violently and attacks the face of the
impeller. An impeller that has been operating under a suction cavitation
condition has large chunks of material removed from its face causing premature
failure of the pump.
Discharge Cavitation
Discharge Cavitation occurs when the pump discharge is extremely high. It
normally occurs in a pump that is running at less than 10% of its best efficiency
point. The high discharge pressure causes the majority of the fluid to circulate
inside the pump instead of being allowed to flow out the discharge. As the liquid
flows around the impeller it must pass through the small clearance between the
impeller and the pump cutwater at extremely high velocity. This velocity causes a
vacuum to develop at the cutwater similar to what occurs in a venturi and turns
the liquid into a vapor. A pump that has been operating under these conditions
shows premature wear of the impeller vane tips and the pump cutwater. In
addition due to the high pressure condition premature failure of the pump
mechanical seal and bearings can be expected and under extreme conditions will
break the impeller shaft.
Suction Cavitation & Discharge Cavitation are
extremely damaging to pump components.

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