2 For RRL

They have to be separated for use individually .
Drop tests , for checking strength and breakage

have to be conducted on each batch of coil. Stronger stable coils are better as they can sustain the
transit from the place of production to the consumer.
The burning time depends on the weight of the coil and the composition of its ingredients . The
combination and mixture of ingredients in the coil can affect its stability , strength and burning time .
Burning time decides duration of the release of the Active Ingredient , and hence repels mosquitoes
for the specified amount of time . Changing the overall weight per coil , or changing the composition
of the coil itself, the ingredients and their specification , can alter burning time .
Brown saw dust is considered as a good filler and burning material, for slow and continuous feed
burning. This saw dust when mixed with coconut shell powder , give hardness to the coil , and also
makes it easier and stable to burn. Wood flour , finely pulversised wood , is also an alternative used
along with starch. Jigget is used for bonding of the various materials. Swellonil is starch powder
used as an additive for strength. Sodium benzoate is a preservative which is It is bacteriostatic and
fungistatic. Guar gum gives biding and strength to the coil. Potassium nitrate gives easy and safe
burning property. Perfume is used for fragrance while burning , thereby giving a scent effect during
the burning process. Color dye is used to give color to the mixture and the final coil.
Drying is an important part of the process of manufacture . The drying time and temperature ,
moisture removal , are all key to the final strength , effective ness and burning time of the coil. Ideal
drying conditions can help is lower heating fuel consumption and quicker production. Slower drying
is better , but commercial manufacture slower drying would lead to higher costs . Fluctuating the
temperature and controlling moisture , helps quicker drying time and lower fuel consumption.
3
...3...
Four different combinations of ingredients were used in making mosquito coil with 0.005%
Metofluthrin. For each example , the coils produced were tested for strength with drop tests from
height of 3 feet . Due to batch drying process , separate coils from the mixture can have varying
strength , hence 10 different coils are checked for each example.
Burning time of the coil at room temperature of 30 C was done for all the 4 examples and the
average burning time was calculated for each example . The ideal combination ingredients which
gives the longest burning duration , with maximum strength , lowest breakage is best for commercial
manufacture. All the 4 examples are for manufacture of coil using 0.005% Metofluthrin as active
ingredient. The weight of coils from each example have been kept the same . Results of strength
and burning time have varied in the 4 examples.
Manufacturing Process for Metofluthrin 0.005% Mosquito Coil

STEP: 1
Added Raw Material, 3.5 Kg Brown saw dust powder, 2.64 Kg Coconut Shell Powder, 0.290 Kg
Jiggat, 0.610 Kg Swellonil, 0.022 Kg Sodium Benzoate, 0.300 Kg Guar Gum, 0.021 Kg Tamarind
Seed Powder in big mixture tank for mixing Mixed for 25 minutes.
Then it is transferred to Kneeding machine for further process. After transfer is done then added
0.021 Kg Potassium Nitrate, 0.000435 Kg Metofluthrin, 0.036 Kg Perfume and 1.260 Kg Colour to
get fine mixture for coils. Mixed all raw materials and fillers for 20 minutes. After mixing is ready for
coil, it is sent to punching machine for punch in double coil form.
STEP : 2
Punched coils sent for drying. Dryer started with temp of 28 C to 32 C. Then increased temp to 50
C in 2 hrs. Released moisture, when temp reached to 50 C . Then temp reduced slowly to 40 C to
45 C. Then again started temp to reach 70 C in 5 hrs time. Then maintained temp 70 to 75 C for
1 hr.
Then removed coils form dryer. Checked its hardness. It is found strengthen and less breakages.
Checked burning time .
Weight, per coil = 12 grams
Burning time per coil = 8hrs 10 mins.
Dropping test for breakages : 10 Coils dropped from 3' height. 1 coil broken out of 10
coils.
EXAMPLES :
Example No. 1 :(8.700 Kg)
STEP:1
STEP:2
1 hr.
Then removed coils form dryer. Checked its hardness.
Weight, per coil = 12.1 grams
Dropping test for breakages : 10 Coils dropped from 3' height. 5 coils broken out of 10
coils.
r 4 AUG ?P
Example No. 2 :(8.700 Kg )

STEP:1
0.020 Kg Potassium Nitrate, 0.0087 Kg Metofluthrin 5% EC , 0.036 Kg Perfume and 1.260 Kg Colour
to get fine mixture for coils. Mixed all raw materials and fillers for 20 minutes. After mixing is ready
for coil, it is sent to punching machine for punch in double coil form.
STEP:2
1 hr.
Then removed coils form dryer. Checked its hardness.
coils.
- 4 AUG 2009
Example No. 3 : (8.700 Kg >

STEP:1
Added Raw Materials, 1.044 Kg Starch, 7.604 Kg Wood Flour, in big mixture tank for mixing. Mixed
for 25 minutes.
0.0087 Kg Metofluthrin 5% EC, 0.0435 Kg Green Colour Dye to get fine mixture for coils. Mixed all
raw materials and fillers for 20 minutes. After mixing is ready for coil, it is sent to punching machine
for punch in double coil form.
STEP:2
1 hr.
Then removed coils form dryer. Checked its hardness. It is found weak strength and more
breakages.
Weight, per coil = 12.1 grams
coils.
4 AUG 2009
Example No. 4 : ( 8.700 Kg )

STEP : 1
STEP:2
1 hr.
Then removed coils form dryer. Checked its hardness. It is found strengthen and less breakages.
Checked burning time .
Dropping test for breakages : 10 Coils dropped from 3' height. 1 coil broken out of 10
coils.
- 4 AUG 2009
Shogun Organics Ltd Manufacture Process of Metofluthrin 0.005% Mosquito Coil

Claims
1. Manufacture of mosquito coils with 0.005% Metofluthrin , in combination with other ingredients , in
ideal proportion to make high strength coils with good burning time of more than 8 hours. Use of 5%
Metofluthrin formulation ( EC ) in 0.1% or direct technical Metofluthrin ( considered 100% ) to have
batch weight dosage of 0.005% Metofluthrin
2. a ) 3.500 Kg brown saw dust powder, 2.640 Kg Coconut Shell Powder, 0.290 Kg Jiggat, 0.610 Kg
Swellonil, 0.022 Kg Sodium Benzoate, 0.300 Kg Guar Gum, 0.021 Kg Tamarind seed powder ,
Mixed for 25 minutes . Added 0.021 Kg Potassium Nitrate,0.000435 Kg Metofluthrin, 0.036 Kg
Perfume and 1.260 Kg Colour, to get fine mixture. Mixed for 20 minutes.
2.b) Coil drying beginning temperature of 28 C to 32 C. Increasing temperature to 50 C in 2 hrs
gradually . Release of moisture at 50 C. Reduction to 40 C . Raising temperature to 70 C in 5
hours. Maintaining temperature at 70 to 75 C for 1 hour. Finished coil in drop test, out of 10 coils
only 1 coil broken. Burning time 8 hours 10 minutes for coil weight 0.012 kgs (12 grams )
3. Coil batch mixture 1.044 Kg Starch, 7.604 Kg Wood Flour, in big mixture tank
for mixing. Mixed for 25 minutes. Adding 0.0087 Kg Metofluthrin 5% EC, 0.0435
Kg Green Colour Dye . Burning time 7 hours 40 minutes for coil weight 0.0121
grams
...2..
For SHOGUN ORGANICS LIMITED
(AMIT R. KALYANARAMAN) JT.MANAGING DIRECTOR

To,
The Controller of Patents
The Patent Office, Mumbai
Mosquito coil
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mosquito coil
A mosquito coil is a mosquito repelling incense, usually made into a spiral, and typically made from
a dried paste of pyrethrum powder. The coil is usually held at the center of the spiral, suspending it
in the air, or wedged by two pieces of fireproof netting to allow continuous smoldering. Burning
usually begins at the outer end of the spiral and progresses slowly toward the center of the spiral,
producing a mosquito-repellent smoke.[1] A typical mosquito coil measures around 15 centimetres
(6 in) in diameter and lasts around 712 hours. Mosquito coils are widely used in Asia, Africa, South
America, Canada and Australia.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1Invention
2Ingredients
3Disadvantages
4See also
5References
6External links
Invention[edit]
Pyrethrum was used for centuries as an insecticide in Persia and Europe,[3] being developed into a
mosquito coil in the late 1800s by a Japanese business man, Eiichiro Ueyama. At that time in Japan,
pyrethrum powder was mixed with sawdust and burned to repel mosquitoes. Ueyama initially
created incense sticks mixed from starch powder, dried mandarin orange skin powder, and
pyrethrum powder, burning in ~40 minutes. In 1895, his wife Yuki proposed making the sticks thicker
and longer, and curling them in spirals, in order to make them last longer. In 1902, after a series of
trials and errors, he achieved an incense burning effect with a spiral-shape. The method included
cutting thick incense bars to a set length and manually winding them into a spiral. This method was
used until 1957, when mass production was made possible through machine punching.[4][5] After the
Second World War, his company, Dainihon Jochugiku Co. Ltd, established joint-venture firms in
various countries, including China and Thailand, to produce mosquito repelling products based on
local conditions.[5]
Ingredients[edit]
Active ingredients found in mosquito coils may include:[6]
Pyrethrum a natural, powdered material from a kind of chrysanthemum plant.

Pyrethrins an extract of the insecticidal chemicals in pyrethrum.
Allethrin sometimes d-trans-allethrin, the first synthetic pyrethroid.
Esbiothrin a form of allethrin.
Meperfluthrin - a pyrethroid ester[7]
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) an optional additive used to prevent pyrethroid from oxidizing
during burning.
Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) an optional additive to improve the effectiveness of pyrethroid.
N-Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide (MGK 264) an optional additive to improve the
effectiveness of a pyrethroid.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an improved mosquito coil composition and process for making this improved mosquito coil.
More particularly, this invention relates to an improved mosquito coil composition utilizing potato starch as a binder
for the mosquito coil.
The manufacture of mosquito coils is an art which has been practiced for a number of years. Mosquito coils comprise
a material which burns emitting smoke combined with an insecticide. Mosquito coils are often used to knock down or
repel flying insects in living quarters.
Traditional mosquito coil compositions include approximately 25% or more of a residue from preparing pyrethrum
known as pyrethrum marc, as it is thought this material is a necessary ingredient to produce an acceptable mosquito
coil. In addition to the pyrethrum marc, the prime burning agent or fuel used for mosquito coils is coconut shell flour,
tabu powder, sawdust, ground leaves, ground bark, starch, etc.
Representative patents describing mosquito coils are U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,248,287, 3,723,615 and 3,819,823. The latter
two patents are primarily directed to insecticides for use in mosquito coils and describe the use of various mosquito
coil carrier ingredients such as wood powder and starch.
It has unexpectedly been found that a high quality mosquito coil composition can be prepared by utilizing from16-
25% by weight based on dry ingredients of potato starch as the binder for the traditional mosquito coil carrier
material. It has also been found that these improved mosquito coils may be prepared by a method which involves
dispersing the potato starch in water which has a temperature just below the gellation point of the potato starch,
adding sufficient hot water to this water-starch mixture to raise the temperature above the gellation point of the potato
starch, adding the dry ingredients to the mosquito coil, extruding the coil into a ribbon, stamping the mosquito coils
from this ribbon, and allowing these coils to dry.
The coils prepared using the composition of the present invention and the method of the present invention have good
burning properties lasting up to 7 or 8 hours and have better structural integrity than coils made using other starches.
It is, therefore, the primary object of the present invention to prepare a mosquito coil composition utilizing potato
starch as a binding agent.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a mosquito coil composition having improved burning
properties and structural integrity.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a mosquito coil composition having controllable and even-
burning properties.
It is a still further object ofthe present invention to provide a process for quickly and easily producing high quality
mosquito coils.
Other objects and advantages of the mosquito coil composition and process for preparing the same will become more
apparent from the following, more detailed description thereof.
The mosquito coil compositions of the present invention comprise on a dry weight basis from 16- 26% by weight of
potato starch, from 72- 83% by weight of a mosquito coil carrier agent, from 0- 2% of a burning aid, from 0.5- 3% by
weight of an insecticidal material.
The method of the present invention comprises dispersing potato starch in water heated to a temperature of 30- 65
C., gelling the starch by adding sufficient water having a temperature of from 80- 95 F. to the starch-water dispersion
to raise the temperature of the mixture to above the gelling point of the starch, adding the mosquito coil carrier to the
gelled starch-water mixture, forming the composition into a thin sheet, forming the mosquito coils from this thin sheet
and drying the formed mosquito coils.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
All references to mesh sizes in the specification and claims are to U.S. Sieve Series mesh.
The improved mosquito coils of the present invention use potato starch as a binding agent. Although starches have
been incorporated into mosquito coil compositions in the past, neither has the particular use of potato starch as such
nor have the unexpected properties, i.e., ease of production, high strength, of a mosquito coil using particular
percentages of potato starch been recognized in the prior art.
Although substantially any potato starch can be utilized, the starch used must be dispersable in water at a
temperature below the gellation point of the potato starch, about 66.5 C. On a dry basis of the mosquito coil, the coil
must contain from 16- 26% by weight of potato starch and preferably from 18- 23% by weight potato starch and
optimumly from 19- 21% by weight potato starch. Other starches, such as corn starch, rice starch, wheat starch, etc.,
cannot be substituted for the potato starch in the coil of the present invention, although small percentages which do
not effect the performance may be present, as long as the potato starch content is within the above ranges. When the
starches, other than potato starch, are used as the sole binding agent, the mosquito coils produced are inferior as
compared to the mosquito coil of the present invention.
Only potato starch can be utilized in the method of the present invention since the gellation temperature of most other
starches is too high, i.e., about 90- 95 C., to permit the mixture of starch-water to be raised and maintained above
the gellation temperature for sufficient time to properly gel the starch. However, even when these other starches are
gelled properly by cooking, the resulting coils have lower structural integrity.
Structural integrity of the formed mosquito coil is quite important as the coil must be sufficiently strong so as not to
break on packaging, shipping and use. A broken coil is of little value as the burning time of the fragments is greatly
reduced.
The mosquito coils of the present invention do include a substantial percentage of the dry basis of the coil of
conventional mosquito coil carrier ingredients, generally from 72- 83% by weight and preferably from 74- 80% by
weight and optionally from 75- 78% by weight. Representative ingredients include pyrethrum marc, coconut shell
flour, sawdust having a particle size from 70- 200 mesh, tabu powder, and mixtures thereof. Although substantially
any combination of conventional carrier ingredients can be utilized in mosquito coils of the present invention, it is
preferred to utilize hardwood sawdust having a particle size between about 70- 200 mesh and particularly between
100- 200 mesh. By utilizing the sawdust having this particle size, the burning rate of the mosquito coils can be
accurately controlled and can provide mosquito coils which burn up to 7 to 8 hours.
As a primary purpose of the mosquito coils of the present invention is to repel, knock down and/or kill flying insects
which may be present in living quarters, the mosquito coil should have an effective amount of an insecticide or
repellant. Generally, this is from 0.5- 3% by weight of an insecticidal agent or repellent. Traditionally, pyrethrum or
pyrethroid type materials have been utilized in mosquito coil compositions. Substantially any pyrethroid can be
utilized and incorporated into the mosquito coil of the present invention. Preferred pyrethroids from the standpoint of
expense and activity are pyrethrum, resmethrin, bioallethrin, allethrin, and mixtures thereof. The particularly preferred
insecticide for use in the mosquito coils of the present invention is an emulsifiable concentrate of allethrin.
The mosquito coils of the present invention also incorporate various burning aids which aid in sustaining the burning
of the mosquito coil throughout the life of the same. Traditional and conventional burning aids can be utilized, such as
sodium and potassium nitrate, sodium benzoate, and mixtures thereof. Generally, these burning aids are present in
the composition from 0- 2% and preferably from 0.3- 0.75% by weight on the dry basis.
Other ingredients may be incorporated into the mosquito coil, such as dyes, pigments, etc., to improve the aesthetic
properties of the same.
Lastly, during the manufacture of mosquito coils in accordance with the method of the present application, it is
necessary to incorporate substantial quantities of water to gel the starch and to enable the dry ingredients to be
completely and intimately mixed. Generally, it is preferred that, for appropriate and ease of handling, the dry
ingredients are mixed in a ratio of dry ingredients to water of from about 1:1 to about 1:2.5. Excess water is to be
avoided as the water must be removed during the drying step.
The method of the present invention comprises mixing the starch with sufficient water heated to a temperature of
between 40- 65 C. to disperse the starch. After the starch is well dispersed into this mixture, sufficient water heated
to a temperature in the range of 80- 95 C. is added to gel the starch by raising the temperature above the gellation
point of the starch. Subsequent to the gellation of the starch, the carrier material, such as sawdust, is then added to
the gelled starch-water mixture to form a putty-like mass which is extruded into a ribbon or sheet from which the
mosquito coils are formed by stamping or other conventional method. After the mosquito coils are formed, they are
then dried by any conventional means, such as forced air drying in an oven.
Depending on the particular insecticidal material, dyes, and burning aids used, these materials may be incorporated
into the composition as a water dispersion in the initial starch-dispersion or as dry ingredients with the carriers. For
ease of processing and uniformity of dispersion throughout the coil, it is preferred to use water dispersible
insecticides, dyes and burning aids which are added to the water used to disperse the starch.
The composition and method of the present invention will now be illustrated by way of the following examples. Unless
otherwise specified, all parts and percentages are by weight and all temperatures and degrees are Celsius.
EXAMPLE 1 & COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1-3
Some 25 parts by weight of the starches shown in Table I were dispersed in 75 parts by weight of water heated to 60
C. by stirring, the water including 1% emulsifiable allethrin. After the starch was dispersed, 100 parts by weight water
heated to 82 C. was added. Next, 75 parts by weight of sawdust having a particle size of 80 mesh were mixed to the
starch gel. Only the potato starch gave a mixture suitable for extrusion into mosquito coils. A ribbon was extruded
from the potato starch-sawdust mixture, stamped into coils, and oven dried.
TABLE I
______________________________________
Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 1 Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3
______________________________________
Sawdust 75 75 75 75
Potato Starch
25 -- -- --
Rice Starch
-- 25 -- --
Corn Starch
-- -- 25 --
Wheat Starch
-- -- -- 25
Water 175 175 175 175
______________________________________
As the temperature of the mixture for Comparative Examples 1- 3 was below the gellation temperature of the
starches used, the water-starch dispersions were cooked for 30 minutes at a temperature above the gelling points of
the starch. This gelled material was mixed with the sawdust, dried, and stamped into coils. When these coils were
compared to the coils of Example 1 by dropping the coils and pulling on the coils, more of the coils of Comparative
Examples 1- 3 broke than those of Example 1.
EXAMPLES 2- 8
A series of mosquito coils was made using the process of Example 1, varying the type of sawdust, the amount of
sawdust and the amount of potato starch, as shown in Table II.
TABLE II
______________________________________
Example Sawdust Size Sawdust Starch # (Mesh) % Dry Basis % Dry Basis
______________________________________
2 70 74 25
3 80 75 24
4 100 76 23
5 10 parts 200/90 parts 100
78 21
6 20 parts 200/80 parts 100

78.5 20.5
7 30 parts 200/70 parts 100
79 20
8 50 parts 200/50 parts 100
80 19
______________________________________
Each of the mixes could be extruded to form an acceptable coil. As is apparent from the above table, the courser the
filler, sawdust, the more starch is required.
EXAMPLE 9
The mosquito coil of Example 1 is prepared except the following insecticides are substituted for the allethrin:
a-- Bioallethrin
B-- pyrethrum extract
C-- resmethrin
Each of the above produced an acceptable mosquito coil.
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They have to be separated for use individually .

Drop tests , for checking strength and breakage

Manufacturing Process for Metofluthrin 0.005% Mosquito Coil

Example No. 2 :(8.700 Kg )

Example No. 3 : (8.700 Kg >

Example No. 4 : ( 8.700 Kg )

Shogun Organics Ltd Manufacture Process of Metofluthrin 0.005% Mosquito Coil

For SHOGUN ORGANICS LIMITED

(AMIT R. KALYANARAMAN) JT.MANAGING DIRECTOR

Pyrethrum a natural, powdered material from a kind of chrysanthemum plant.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Water 175 175 175 175

5 10 parts 200/90 parts 100

6 20 parts 200/80 parts 100

7 30 parts 200/70 parts 100

8 50 parts 200/50 parts 100

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