International Journals of Advanced Research in

Computer Science and Software Engineering Research Article August

ISSN: 2277-128X (Volume-7, Issue-8) a 2017

Analysis of PDORP Routing Protocol for WSN

V. Balaji
Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, SSJ Engineering College, Hyderabad,
Telangana, India
DOI: 10.23956/ijarcsse/V7I8/0163
A. Ravi
Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and
Engineering, SSJ Engineering College, Hyderabad,
Telangana, India

Abstract In recent years, there has been a winged generation of research relating to wireless sensor networks
(WSN), due to large-scale range of potential utilization there can be used for several applications such as,
surveillance, hostile monitoring, target tracking, and security management. Sensor nodes can be defined as typically
powered by batteries so it is having a limited amount of lifetime, and another problem can be considering is batteries
cannot be recharged. The energy problem is extreme difficulty in wireless sensor networks. So we proposed advanced
routing protocol PDORP, reduced the energy consumption as well as improving the quality of service (QoS), and
better throughput which compared to another routing such as, LEACH, PEGASIS, DSR, and OLSR.

Keywords Energy efficient, Sensor node, Routing, PDORP, Energy level, Network Lifetime.

I. INTRODUCTION
In the wireless sensor networks (WSN) [1] is a recent automation, which can be developed in short period of
time. The wireless sensor networks consist of large number of multifunctional sensor nodes, because low cost, low power
utilized in the real environment. The sensor nodes can be sensing the object or environment, collecting a information, and
transmitting the data to the base station (BS). The flow chart of the operation is shown in the Figure1. All of the sensor
nodes are battery powered, because direct supply cannot be connected to the sensor nodes as a same time battery power
can be drained easily. It is impossible to alternation of batteries and monitoring the day by day. So to reduce the energy
consumption is real important for the wireless sensor networks application as shown in the Figure 2.

Figure 1 . Flow Chart of Energy Figure 2. Energy Consumption Processing in Sensor Node

There are number [2]of protocols can be generate to improving the energy efficient in the sensor nodes. Such as,
cluster established routing protocol, chain established routing protocol, shortest path routing protocol, and hybrid
clustering based routing protocol, whatever renowned to become better the energy effectiveness and extending the
network lifetime. But its having the significant problem can be occurred in this routing protocol. So to proposed method
is PEGASIS-DSR Optimized Routing Protocol, can be consists of proactive and reactive routing method. PDORP can be
reduce the energy consumption as well as increasing better throughput, minimized the delay, reduce the bit error rate, and
increasing the network lifetime.

II. METHODOLOGY
The dynamic source [3] routing protocol is a not difficult, able to be understood and efficient routing protocol.
DSR protocol is for the most part secondhand for multi hop ad hoc networks. The dynamic source routing protocol is
entirely self-constructing, self-bounding and not needed to any infrastructure network. It is similar to AODV, because
every node having knowledge of complete routing information about to reach a destination. Dynamic source routing can
be handling a two mechanism 1) Route Discovery 2) Route Maintenance. A node desire to send a packet, to already
confirm the route from source to the destination. If there is no adept route, the source node repeated probing a efficient
route to reach a destination. A source node having a complete address of the destination and unique request ID. Each and
every sensor nodes have a ID, so all the request packet recorded a route and all the nodes has be verified. As the same
time destination of the node can be verifying the unique address ID. If it is not destination can be accepted.
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 Balaji et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering7(8)
ISSN(E): 2277-128X, ISSN(P): 2277-6451, DOI: 10.23956/ijarcsse/V7I8/0163, pp. 347-351
The source node S Figure 3 Route Discovery desire to transmit the information to the destination node D. so
the DSR protocol can be handle a route discovery mechanism. The route discovery mechanism, first searching a optimal
path and shortest path to reach the destination node. If its possible the source node sends the data to the destination.
Otherwise it can be searching again to the optimal path of the network.

Figure 3. Node Creation

The Route maintenance is a subordinate mechanism of the dynamic source routing protocol. It can be keep up a
optimal path of the source node S and destination node D. Figure 4 Route Maintenance, the source node S can be
transmits the information to the destination node D. The optimum path and shortened path is consists of the DSR is
[SAEFD].

Figure 4. Path finding

So the DSR protocol is very easy and understandable protocol. The advantages of the dynamic source routing
protocol can be reduce a congestion& retransmission of the data, and the disadvantages of DSR considering cannot be
changed another optimal path.
LEACH is the [4,5] first and popular networking routing protocol, it can be using in a wireless sensor networks.
LEACH protocol to limits a energy consumption during the sensor nodes gathering the information, processing
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 Balaji et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering7(8)
ISSN(E): 2277-128X, ISSN(P): 2277-6451, DOI: 10.23956/ijarcsse/V7I8/0163, pp. 347-351
information, and transmitting data. LEACH is a cluster based routing protocol, all the nodes in the network is arranged
in the cluster heads. The cluster heads formation is election based and rotator formation in the network. There is one node
is a cluster head. When sensor nodes are gathering the information and sends to the cluster heads (CH). The cluster
heads(CH) performing the signal processing function and sends the data through the remote base station. LEACH
protocol functions can be divided in to two rounds as follows, 1) Setup phase 2) Steady state phase. LEACH protocol is a
randomized selection of cluster heads, it can capable of performing to prevent the draining the battery of unspecified one
of the sensor nodes. The benefit of the leach protocol is better energy efficiency, better throughput, reduce the energy
consumption. The losses of the leach routing protocol, sometimes difficulty can be occurred in the role of cluster head
(CH) formation. It cannot use in the abundant environment regions. Power efficient gathering [6] in sensor information
system (PEGASIS) is a improved routing protocol of LEACH. PEGASIS is a chain based routing protocol and it can be
avoids a cluster head formation system. The basic intention of the PEGASIS routing protocol, to extends a network
lifetime of the network and reduce a energy consumption. The chain based routing protocol be in possession a singular
leader node, it can be aggregate a information from the all the sensor nodes and it can be transmitting to the base station.
The PEGASIS is utilizing a greedy algorithm and collaborative techniques.

Figure 5. Transmitting data

So if any of the nodes can be lack of success in the network during the transmitting the data, the sensor node can
be exchanged and cannot be losed. The sensor nodes working least possible energy to transmitting and receiving the data.
The advantages of the PEGASIS routing protocol is eliminating the packet overhead and decreases the number of
retransmission. The disadvantages of this protocol, it introduced significant delay.

III. PROPOSED PROTOCOL

All the networks[7] having the assured lifetime concurrently with activity which nodes have restricted energy
by using of gathering the information, processing, and transmitting the information. So all the sensor ideal must be
outline to be intensely energy efficient. To shorten energy dissipation, protocols should be identifying the node failures,
fault- tolerant, and to maximize system lifetime. The proposed method is exploiting the characteristics of both Proactive
(PEGASIS) and Reactive (DSR) routing protocol

Figure 6. Routing algorithm of PDORP

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 Balaji et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering7(8)
ISSN(E): 2277-128X, ISSN(P): 2277-6451, DOI: 10.23956/ijarcsse/V7I8/0163, pp. 347-351
The essential improvement of the PDORP,
1) To decreasing the communication distances between the nodes.
2) Using the directional transmission approach.
3) It has a PEGASIS and DSR routing methodology
4) GA and BFO algorithm is applied so to identify the energy optimal paths.

The importance of essential improvement in the PDORP, a sensor nodes are insufferable work as well as run of
energy. The energy consumption is one of the main reasons of the node failure. It causes the information cannot be
reached into the destination. So the improvement routing protocol is very important to the WSN. PEGASIS-DSR
Optimized Routing Protocol is ability to perform the efficient, and reduce the energy consumption.
There are four types of algorithm using in the PDORP routing protocol as follows,
1) Network creation
2) Path finding
3) Route cache DSR integration
4) Hybrid algorithm

1) Network Creation:
In the network creation algorithm, to create a network in the randomly deployed nodes. To well establish of the
distance d, all of the nodes distance is compared to the threshold distance. This comparison result to established
only on when their distance is less than or equal to the threshold value of the distance. So all the nodes are
connected on the shortest distance value.
2) Path Finding:
The path finding can be used to establishing the route for the data transmission. The path finding algorithm,
investing the optimal path to reach the source to destination. The optimal path can be selected in the large
coverage set of nodes. As a result of the wireless sensor networks having hundreds or thousands of sensors.
Transmission can be occurred in only on the source and destination nodes under the coverage set, in different
circumstances to finding t a another optimal path.
3) Route Cache Dsr Integration:
When a data can be transmits from source node to destination node, the source nodes can be calculates the
distance from accomplished all neighbors and communicate the information to the node which length is less
than or equal to the threshold value, otherwise the node can be searching the another optimal path. This optimal
path is added to the trust list of the first round, and the every round if any possible optimal path it can be added
to the trust list. This can be used to not searching the every round of the optimal path.
4) Hybrid Algorithm
GA and BFO can be proposed in hybrid algorithm, it can be used to create fitness value of trust list of the
optimal path.

IV. DISCUSSION & RESULTS

The simulation result provides a performance of various routing protocol is compared to the PDORP routing
protocol. This can be analysis a Bit error rate, End to end delay, Energy consumption and Better throughput of the
PDORP is compared to the various routing protocol. PDORP can be provides a better results than other routing protocol.
The following parameters are used to extend the network lifetime of the wireless sensor networks.
PARAMETERS VALUES
Channel type Wireless Channel
Propagation Two Ray Ground
X dimension 50
Y dimension 42
Maximum packet 25
Speed 0.5
Simulated nodes 26
Initial energy 50 joules
Protocol TCP

From the above following parameters are used in the network simulator(NS2).

V. CONCLUSION
Our proposed energy efficient routing protocol can be performed in better than another routing protocol. The
PEGASIS-DSR methodology is provides to improve the better throughput, reducing the end to end delay, reduce the bit
error rate, and mainly reduce the energy consumption so it can be extend the network lifetime is compare to the other
protocols such as LEACH, DSR, OLSR, PRGASIS.

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 Balaji et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering7(8)
ISSN(E): 2277-128X, ISSN(P): 2277-6451, DOI: 10.23956/ijarcsse/V7I8/0163, pp. 347-351
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