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Exercise 3
Substations II & Overhead Lines
28.10.2016
This exercise aims to deepen the understanding on substation congurations, the primary
equipment used and the operations that are possible within such a substation. Most of the
pictures are taken from [Siemens 8DN8 brochure].
In Fig. 1 a picture, a schematic plot and the single line diagram of a single bay of a three-phase
encapsulated GIS substation is shown.
1. What type of substation arrangement is this?
2. Label all components in all three pictures and explain what their function is.
a) Integrated local control cubicle
b) Busbar I with disconnector and earthing switch
c) Busbar II with disconnector and earthing switch
d) Interrupter unit of the circuit breaker
e) Spring-stored energy mechanism with circuit breaker control unit
f) Current Transformer
g) Voltage Transformer
h) High-speed earthing switch on outgoing line.
i) Outgoing feeder module with disconnector and earthing switch
j) Cable sealing end
In Fig. 2 the single line diagram for a substation based on the elements discussed above is
shown.
3. How many bays does this substation have and of which type are they?
4. Fig. 2 shows the switching status of the substation in its present operating state. Write
down all switching operations in the correct order for the following situations:
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ETHZ EEH { Introduction to Electric Power Transmission, Exercise 3
Gastight bushing
Gas permeable bushing
2
ETHZ EEH { Introduction to Electric Power Transmission, Exercise 3
Figure 2: Single line diagram for substation based on bay elements of Fig. 1.
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ETHZ EEH { Introduction to Electric Power Transmission, Exercise 3
In this part of the exercise the in
uence of the dierent tensile strengths Sb of dierent
conductor materials on the maximal sag is investigated. Further, the required clearances and
costs are discussed.
The subject is a span with a length of 300 m of a double circuit high voltage line, with
nominal system voltage Un = 400 kV. The span crosses a perfectly
at open countryside
used for agriculture, casting light pollution severity (SPS class b). The insulators in use
provide a factor of creepage length to overall length of 2 (i.e. the creepage length is twice the
overall length of the insulator). The dierent subconductors under consideration are:
Parameter AAC 500-AL1 AAAC 500-AL3 ACSR 550-AL1/71-ST1A
A Sb (kN) 82.47 147.45 166.32
A (mm2 )
(kg/dm3 )
mc (kg/m)
Sb is the maximal tensile strength, A the conductor cross section, the mass density, and mc
the resulting subconductor mass per length. The full conductor consists of two subconductors,
i.e. a double bundle conductor.
f = mC g a2 =(2H ) =a 2 =a2 : (1)
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ETHZ EEH { Introduction to Electric Power Transmission, Exercise 3
What height does the lowermost cross arm (i.e. the point where the corresponding insulator
is attached) require so that the necessary clearances are provided?
To do so, calculate the recommended insulator creepage path for the highest system voltage.
Determine the minimum clearance Del as the maximum from the Tab. 5.7 from the script
and 1:1 asom . Further decide what Dadd for the situation under consideration is needed. Add
all these distances to the maximal sag from the previous part of the exercise to calculate the
minimal distance from the lowermost cross arm to ground.
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ETHZ EEH { Introduction to Electric Power Transmission, Exercise 3
In the following, the thermal current capacity of conductors (AAAC) and the maximal sag
of thermal resistant aluminium (TAL) conductors are investigated.