TOPIC OUTLINE:

1. The Normal Curve

a. Definition/Description
b. Area Under Normal Curve
2. Standard Scores
a. Z-Scores
b. T-Scores
c. Other Standard Scores
NORMAL CURVE
- Karl Friedrich
Gauss:
one of the scientist
that developed the
concept of normal
curve.
Common term:

Laplace-Gaussian
Curve or Gaussian
NORMAL CURVE
* Normal Curve
- Karl Friedrich
is a continuous
Gauss:
probability distribution
one of the scientist
in statistics
that developed the
concept of normal
curve. Karl Pearson:
Common term: first to refer to the
Laplace-Gaussian curve as Normal
Curve or Gaussian Curve
 Characteristics:

- Smooth bell shaped curved

- Asymptotic: approaching
the x-axis but never
touches it

- Symmetric: made up of
exactly similar parts facing
each other
 Characteristics:

- Ranges from
negative to
positive infinity

- With two tails

A normal curve has two tails.
The area on the normal curve between 2 and 3
standard deviations above the mean is referred to as a
tail.
The area between -2 and -3 standard deviations below
the mean is also referred to as a tail.
 AREA UNDER THE NORMAL CURVE
The normal curve can be divided into areas defined in units of
standard deviation.
1. 50% of the scores occur above the mean and 50% of scores
occur below the mean

MEAN

50% 50%
(BELOW) (ABOVE)
2. Approximately 34% of all scores between the mean and one
standard deviation above the mean
3. Approximately 34% of all scores between the mean and one
standard deviation bellow the mean
4. Approximately 68% of all scores between the mean and 1
standard deviation.
5. Approximately 95% of all scores between the mean and 2
standard deviation.
STANDARD
SCORES
-is a raw score that
has been converted
from one scale to
another scale.
Raw scores maybe
converted to
standard scores
because standard
scores are more
easily to understand
than raw scores.
Different systems:
Z-scores
- called a zero plus or minus one
scale
- results from the conversion of a
raw score into a number
indicating how many standard
deviation units the raw score is
below or above he mean of the
distribution.
- Scores can be positive and
negative
Z-scores

- X - raw score
- U - mean
- Q - standard deviation

x
z

T-Scores

- The scale used in the computation of t-

scores can be called a 50 plus or minus ten
scale. ( 50 mean set and 10 SD set )

- Composed of scale ranges from 5 SD below

the mean to5 SD above the mean.

- One advantage in using T-Scores is that none

of the scores is negative.
Process: Page 99

Value = (mean + (number of deviation x 1 standard deviation) )

65 = ( 50 + ( 1 X 15 )
Value = (mean (number of deviation x 1 standard deviation) )
35 = ( 50 ( 1 X 15 )

- SD = 15
- Mean = 50

X bar + 1s = 50 + 15 =

X bar - 1s = 50 - 15 =
Stanine: Standard
Nine

(STAndard NINE) is a
method of scaling
test scores on a nine-
point standard scale
with a mean of five
and a standard
deviation of two.
SUMMARY:

Karl Friedrich Gauss: STANDARD SCORES

one of the scientist that developed the -is a raw score that has been converted
concept of normal curve. from one scale to another scale.

Normal Curve Z-scores

is a continuous probability distribution in called a zero plus or minus one scale
statistics Scores can be positive and negative

Karl Pearson: T-Scores

first to refer to the curve as Normal a none of the scores is negative. It can be
Curve called a 50 plus or minus ten scale. ( 50
mean set and 10 SD set )
Asymptotic:
approaching the x-axis but never touches it Stanine: Standard Nine
(STAndard NINE) is a method of scaling
Symmetric: test scores on a nine-point standard scale
made up of exactly similar parts facing with a mean of five and a standard
each other deviation of two.
Reference: Cohen, Swerdilik, & Sturman (2013). Psychological Testing and
Assessment: An Introduction to Test and Measurement, Eight h Edition.
Philippines: McGrawHill Education.

Reanne Mariquit
AB PSYCHOLOGY

Rhea Moring
AB PSYCHOLOGY

Ace Matilac
AB PSYCHOLOGY

UNIVERSITY OF IMMACULATE CONCEPTION

Davao City, Philippines
2015
Reference: Cohen, Swerdilik, & Sturman (2013). Psychological Testing and
Assessment: An Introduction to Test and Measurement, Eight h Edition.
Philippines: McGrawHill Education.

Reanne Mariquit
AB PSYCHOLOGY

Rhea Moring
AB PSYCHOLOGY

Ace Matilac
AB PSYCHOLOGY

UNIVERSITY OF IMMACULATE CONCEPTION

Davao City, Philippines
2015