Integrals NCERT Sols

Class XII Chapter 7 Integrals Maths
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Book Name: Selina Concise

EXERCISE- 7.1
Question 1:
Find an anti-derivative (or integral) of the following functions by the method of inspection. sin
2x
Solution 1:
The anti-derivative of sin 2x is a function of x whose derivative is sin 2x. It is known that,
d
cos 2 x 2sin 2 x
dx
1 d
sin 2 x cos 2 x
2 dx
d 1
sin 2 x cos 2 x
dx 2
1
Therefore, the anti-derivative of sin 2x is cos 2 x
2
Question 2:
Find an anti-derivative (or integral) of the following functions by the method of inspection.
cos 3x
Solution 2:
The anti-derivative of cos 3x is a function of x whose derivative is cos 3x.
It is known that,
d
sin 3x 3cos 3 x
dx
1 d
cos 3 x sin 3 x
3 dx
d 1
cos 3 x sin 3 x
dx 3
1
Therefore, the anti - derivative of cos3x is sin 3 x
3
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Question 3:
Find an anti-derivative (or integral) of the following functions by the method of inspection. e2x
Solution 3:
The anti derivative of e2x is the function of x whose derivative is e2x
It is known that,
d 2x
dx
e 2e 2 x
e2 x
1 d 2x
2 dx
e
d 1
e2 x e2 x
dx 2
1
Therefore, the anti-derivative of e 2 x is e 2 x
2
Question 4:
(ax + b)2
Solution 4:
The anti-derivative of (ax + b)2 is the function of x whose derivative is (ax + b)2.
It is known that,
d
ax+b 3a ax+b
3 2
dx
1 d
ax+b ax+b
2 3
3a dx
d 1 3
ax+b ax+b
2
dx 3a
1
Therefore, the anti derivative of ax+b is ax+b
2 3
3a
Question 5:
sin 2x 4e3x
Solution 5:
The anti-derivative of sin 2x 4e3x is the function of x whose derivative is sin2x 4e3x
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It is known that,
d 1 4 3x
cos 2 x e sin 2 x 4e
3x
dx 2 3
1 4
Therefore, the anti derivative of sin 2 x 4e3 x is cos 2 x e3 x
2 3
Question 6:
4e 1dx
3x
Solution 6:
4e 1dx
3x
4 e 3x
dx 1dx
e3 x
4 xC
3
4
e3 x x C
3
Question 7:
1
x 1 2 dx
2
x
Solution 7:
1
x 1 2 dx
2
x
x 2 1 dx
x 2 dx 1dx
x3
xC
3
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Question 8:
ax bx c dx
2
Solution 8:
ax bx c dx
2
a x dx b xdx c 1.dx
2
x3 x 2
a b cx C
3 2
ax3 bx 2
cx C
3 2
Question 9:
2x e x dx
2
Solution 9:
2 x e dx
2 x
2 x dx e dx
2 x
x3
2 ex C
3
2
x3 e x C
3
Question 10:
2
1
x x dx
Solution 10:
2
1
x x dx
1
x 2 dx
x
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1
xdx dx 2 1.dx
x
x2
log x 2 x C
2
Question 11:
x3 5 x 2 4
x2 dx
Solution 11:
x3 5 x 2 4
x2 dx
x 5 4 x 2 dx
xdx 5 1.dx 4 x 2 dx
x2 x 1
5x 4 C
2 1
x2 4
5x C
2 x
Question 12:
x3 3x 4
x
dx
Solution 12:
x3 3x 4
x
dx
5 1

1
x 2 3 x 2 4 x 2 dx

3 1
3 x 2 4 x 2
7
C
2
x
7 3 1
2 2 2
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2 72 3 1
x 2 x 2 8x 2 C
7
2 7 3
x 2 2x 2 8 x C
7
Question 13:
x3 x 2 x 1
x 1 dx
Solution 13:
x3 x 2 x 1
x 1 dx
On dividing, we obtain
x 2 1 dx
x 2 dx 1dx
x3
xC
3
Question 14:
1 x xdx
Solution 14:
1 x xdx
3

x x 2 dx

1 3
x dx x dx
2 2
3 5
x2 x2
C
3 5
2 2
2 2 2 52
3
x x C
3 5
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Question 15:
x 3x 2 2 x 3 dx
Solution 15:
x 3x 2 2 x 3 dx
5 3 1

3 2 x 2 2 x 2 3 x 2

5 3 1
3 x 2 dx 2 x 2 dx 3 x 2 dx
3
7 5 x2
x2 x2
3 2 5 3 3 C
7

2 2 2
6 72 4 52 3
x x 2x 2 C
7 5
Question 16:
2 x 3cos x e dx
x
Solution 16:
2 x 3cos x e dx
x
2 xdx 3 cos xdx e dx x
2x2
3 sin x e x C
2
x 2 3sin x e x C
Question 17:
2x 3sin x 5 x dx
2
Solution 17:
2x 3sin x 5 x dx
2
1
2 x 2 dx 3 sin xdx 5 x 2 dx
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3
2x 3
x2
3 cos x 5 C
3 3

2
2 3 10 3
x 3cos x x 2 C
3 3
Question 18:
sec x sec x tan x dx
Solution 18:
2
sec xdx sec x tan xdx

2
tan x sec x C
Question 19:
sec 2 x
cos ec 2 x dx
Solution 19:
sec 2 x
cos ec 2 x dx
1
2
cos x dx
1
sin 2 x
sin 2 x
dx
cos 2 x
tan 2 xdx
sec2 x 1 dx
sec 2 xdx 1dx
tan x x C
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Question 20:
2 3sin x
cos 2 x
dx
Solution 20:
2 3sin x
cos 2 x
dx
2 3sin x
dx
cos x cos x
2 2
2sec 2 xdx 3 tan x sec xdx

2 tan x 3sec x C
Question 21:
1
The anti derivative of x equals
x
1 1 2
1 3 2 3 1 2
A x 2x 2 C B x x C
3 3 2
2 32 1 3
3 2 1 12
C x 2x 2 C D x x C
3 2 2
Solution 21:
1
x
x
1 1

x dx x dx
2 2
3 1
2 2
x x
C
3 1
2 2
2 32 1
x 2x 2 C
3
Hence, the correct Answer is C.
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Question 22:
d 3
If f x 4 x 3 4 such that f(2) = 0, then f(x) is
dx x
1 129 1 129
A x 4 3 B x3 4
x 8 x 8
1 129 1 129
C x4 3 D x3 4
x 8 x 8
Solution 22:
d 3
It is given that, f x 4 x3 4
dx x
3
Anti-derivative of 4x 3 4 f x
x
3
f x 4 x 3 4 dx
x
f x 4 x 3 dx 3 x 4 dx
x 4 x 3
f x 4 3 C
4 3
1
f x x4 3 C
x
Also,
f (2) = 0
1
f 2 2 C 0
4
2
3
1
16 C 0
8
1
C 16
8
129
C
8
1 129
f x x4
x3 8
Hence, the correct Answer is A.
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EXERCISE- 7.2
Question 1:
2x
1 x2
Solution 1:
Let 1 x 2 = t
2x dx = dt
2x 1
dx dt
1 x 2
t
log t C
log 1 x 2 C
log 1 x 2 C
Question 2:
log x
2
x
Solution 2:
Let log |x| = t
1
dx dt
x
log x dx
2
t dt
2
x
t3
C
3
log x
3
C
3
Question 3:
1
x x log x
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Solution 3:
1 1
=
x x log x x 1 log x
Let 1 + log x = t
1
dx dt
x
1 1
dx dt
x 1 log x t
log t C
log 1 log x C
Question 4:
Sin x . sin (cos x)
Solution 4:
Sin x . sin (cos x)
Let cos x = t
sin x dx = dt
sin x.sin cos x dx sin tdt
cos t C
cos t C
cos cos x C
Question 5:
Sin (ax + b) cos (ax + b)
Solution 5:
2sin ax b cos ax b sin 2 ax b
Sin (ax + b) cos (ax + b) =
2 2
Let 2 (ax + b) = t
2adx = dt
sin 2 ax b 1 sin t dt

2 2a
dx
2
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1
cos t C
4a
1
cos 2 ax b C
4a
Question 6:
ax b
Solution 6:
Let ax + b = t
adx = dt
1
dx dt
a
1
1 12
ax b 2 dx
a
t dt
1
1 t2
C
a 3
2
3
2
ax b 2 C
3a
Question 7:
x x2
Solution 7:
Let x + 2 = t
dx = dt
x x 2 t 2 tdt
3 1

t 2 2t 2 dt

3 1
t 2 dt 2 t 2 dt
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5 3
t 2 t2
2 C
5 3

2 2
2 5 4 3
t2 t2 C
5 3
5 3
2 4
x 22 x 22 C
5 3
Question 8:
x 1 2x2
Solution 8:
Let 1 + 2x2= t
4xdx = dt
tdt
x 1 2 x 2 dx
4
1 12
4
t dt
3
1 t2
C
4 3
2
3
1 2 x 2 2 C
1
6
Question 9:
4x 2 x2 x 1
Solution 9:
Let x2 + x + 1 = t
(2x +1)dx = dt
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4x 2 x 2 x 1 dx
2 tdt
2 tdt
3
t2
2 C
3

2
3

4 2
3
x x 1 2 C
Question 10:
1
x x
Solution 10:
1 1

=
x x x x 1
Let x 1 = t
1
dx dt
2 x
1 2
dx dt
x x 1
t
2 log t C
2 log x 1 C
Question 11:
x
,x 0
x4
Solution 11:
Let x + 4 = t
dx = dt
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x t 4 dt
x4
dx
t
4
t dt
t
1
3
t t2
2
4 C
3 1

2 2
3 1
2
t 2 8 t 2 C
3
2 1 1
t . t 2 8t 2 C
3
2 1
t 2 t 12 C
3
1
2
x 4 2 x 4 12 C
3
2
x 4 x 8 C
3
Question 12:
1
x 3
1 3 x5
Solution 12:
Let x3 1 = t
3x 2 dx dt
1 1
x3 1 3 x5 dx x3 1 3 x3 .x 2 dx
1
dt
t 3
t 1
3
1
4 1
t 3 t 3 dt
3
7 4
1 t 3 t 3
C
3 7 4
3 3
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1 3 3 3 3
7 4
t t C
3 7 4
7 4

7

1 3
x 1 3 x3 1 3 C
1
4
Question 13:
x2
2 3x 3 3
Solution 13:
Let 2 + 3x3 = t
9x2 dx = dt
x2 1 dt

9 t 3
dx
2 3x 3 3
1 t 2
C
9 2
1 1
C
18 t 2
1
C
18 2 3x3
2
Question 14:
1
,x 0
x log x
m
Solution 14:
Let log x = t
1
dx dt
x
1 dt
dx m
x log x t
m
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t m 1
C
1 m
log x
1 m
C
1 m
Question 15:
x
9 4x2
Solution 15:
Let 9 4x2 = t
8x dx = dt
x 1 1
8 t
dx dt
9 4x 2
1
log t C
8
1
log 9 4 x 2 C
8
Question 16:
e 2 x 3
Solution 16:
Let 2x + 3 = t
2dx = dt
1 t
e 2 x 3 dx
2
e dt

2
e C
1 t
1 2 x 3
e C
2
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Question 17:
x
2
ex
Solution 17:
Let x2 = t
2xdx = dt
x 1 1
x2 dx t dt
e 2 e
1
e t dt
2
1 et
C
2 1
1 2
e x C
2
1
x2 C
2e
Question 18:
1
e tan x
1 x2
Solution 18:
Let tan 1 x t
1
dx dt
1 x2
1
e tan x
dx et dt
1 x 2
e C
t
1
e tan x
C
Question 19:
e2 x 1
e2 x 1
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Solution 19:
e2 x 1
e2 x 1
Dividing numerator and denominator by ex, we obtain
e 2x
1
e x e x e x

e 2x
1 e x e x
ex
Let e x e x = t
e x
e x dx dt
e2 x 1 e x e x
dx e x e x dx
e2 x 1
dt

t
log t C
log e x e x C
Question 20:
e2 x e2 x
e2 x e2 x
Solution 20:
Let e2 x e2 x t
2e2 x 2e2 x dx dt
2 e 2 x e 2 x dx dt
e 2 x e 2 x dt
2 x 2 x dx
e e 2t
1 1
dt
2 t
1
log t C
2
1
log e 2 x e 2 x C
2
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Question 21:
tan 2 2 x 3
Solution 21:
tan 2 2 x 3 sec 2 2 x 3 1
Let 2x 3 = t
2dx = dt
tan 2 2 x 3dx sec2 2 x 3 1dx

1
2
sec2 t dt 1dx
1
sec 2 tdt 1dx
2
1
tan t x C
2
1
tan 2 x 3 x C
2
Question 22:
sec 2 7 4x
Solution 22:
Let 7 4x = t
4dx = dt
1
sec 2 7 4 x dx sec 2 tdt
4
1
tan t C
4
1
tan 7 4 x C
4
Question 23:
sin 1 x
1 x2
Solution 23:
Let sin 1 x = t
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1
dx dt
1 x2
sin 1 x
dx t dt
1 x2
t2
C
2
sin x 1 2
C
2
Question 24:
2 cos x 3sin x
6 cos x 4 sin x
Solution 24:
2cos x 3sin x 2cos x 3sin x

6cos x 4sin x 2 3cos x 2sin x
Let 3cos x 2sin x t
3sin x 2 cos x dx dt
2 cos x 3sin x dt
6 cos x 4sin xdx 2t
1 1
2t
dt
1
log t C
2
1
log 2 sin x 3cos x C
2
Question 25:
1
cos x 1 tan x
2 2
Solution 25:
1 sec2

cos2 x 1 tan x 1 tan x
2 2
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Let 1 tan x t
sec2 xdx dt
sec2 dt
dx 2
1 tan x
2
t
t 2 dt
1
C
t
1
C
1 tan x
Question 26:
cos x
x
Solution 26:
Let x t
1
dx dt
2 x
cos x
dx 2 cos tdt
x
2sin t C
2sin x C
Question 27:
sin 2 x cos 2 x
Solution 27:
Let sin 2x = t
So, 2cos 2x dx = dt
1
sin 2 x cos 2 xdx
2
tdt
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3
1 t2
C
2 3
2
1 3
t2 C
3
3
1
sin 2 x 2 C
3
Question 28:
cos x
1 sin x
Solution 28:
Let 1 + sin x = t
cos x dx = dt
cos x dt
dx
1 sin x t
1
t2
C
1
2
2 t C
2 1 sin x C
Question 29:
cot x log sin x
Solution 29:
Let log sin x =t
1
.cos xdx dt
sinx
cot xdx dt
cot x log sin xdx tdt
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t2
C
2
1
log sin x C
2
Question 30:
sin x
1 cos x
Solution 30:
Let 1 + cos x = t
sin x dx = dt
sin x dt
dx
1 cos x t
log t C
log 1 cos x C
Question 31:
sin x
1 cos x
2
Solution 31:
Let 1 + cos x = t
sin x dx = dt
sin x dt
dx 2
1 cos x
2
t
t 2 dt
1
C
t
1
C
1 cos x
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Question 32:
1
1 cos x
Solution 32:
1
Let I dx
1 cos x
1
dx
cos x
1
sin x
sin x
dx
sin x cos x
1 2 sin x
dx
2 sin x cos x
1 sin x cos x sin x cos x
dx
2 sin x cos x
1 1 sin x cos x
1dx dx
2 2 sin x cos x
1 1 sin x cos x
x dx
2 2 sin x cos x
Let sin x + cos x = t (cos x sin x) dx = dt
x 1 dt
I
2 2 t
x 1
log t C
2 2
x 1
log sin x cos x C
2 2
Question 33:
1
1 tan x
Solution 33:
1
Let I dx
1 tan x
1
dx
sin x
1
cos x
cos x
dx
cos x sin x
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1 2 cos x

2 cos x sin x
dx
1 cos x sin x cos x sin x

2
dx
cos x sin x
1 1 cos x sin x

2 1dx
2 cos x sin x
dx
x 1 cos x sin x
dx
2 2 cos x sin x
Put cos x sin x = t (sin x cos x) dx = dt
x 1 dt
2 2 t
I
x 1
log t C
2 2
x 1
log cos x sin x C
2 2
Question 34:
tan x
sin x cos x
Solution 34:
tan x
Let I dx
sin x cos x
tan x cos x
dx
sin x cos x cos x
tan x
dx
tan x cos 2 x
sec2 xdx
tan x
Let tanx=1 sec 2 xdx dt
dt
I
t
2 t C
2 tan x C
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Question 35:
1 log x
2
x
Solution 35:
Let 1 + log x = t
1
dx dt
x
1 log x
2
dx t 2 dt
x
t3
C
3
1 log x
3
C
3
Question 36:
x 1 x log x
2
x
Solution 36:
x 1 x log x
2
x 1 1
x log 1 x log x
2 2
x x x
Let x log x t
1
1 dx dt
x
1
1 x log x dx t 2 dt
2
x
t3
C
3
1
x log x C
3
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Question 37:
x3 sin tan 1 x 4
1 x8
Solution 37:
Let x4 = t
4x3 dx = dt
x3 sin tan 1 x 4 1 sin tan t
1
dx dt ... 1
1 x8 4 1 t2
Let tan 1 t u
1
dt du
1 t2
From (1), we obtain
x3 sin tan 1 x 4 dx 1
1 x 8

4
sin udu
1
cos u C
4
cos tan 1 t C
1
4
1
cos tan 1 x 4 C
4
Question 38:
10 x9 10 x log e 10
x10 10 x dx equals
A 10x x10 C B 10x x10 C

10 x10 C log 10 x x10 C
1
C x
D
Solution 38:
Let x10 10 x t
10 x 9 10 x log e 10 dx
dt
t
10 x9 10 x log e 10 dt
dx
x 10 x
10
t
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log t C
log 10 x x10 C
Hence, the correct Answer is D.
Question 39:
dx
sin 2
x cos 2 x
equals
A tan x cot x C B tan x cot x C

C tan x cot x C D tan x cot 2 x C
Solution 39:
dx
Let I 2
sin x cos 2 x
1
dx
sin x cos 2 x
2
sin 2 x cos 2 x
dx
sin 2 x cos 2 x
sin 2 x cos 2 x
dx sin 2 x cos2 xdx
sin 2 x cos 2 x
sec 2 xdx cos ec 2 dx
tan x cot x C
Hence, the correct Answer is B.
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EXERCISE- 7.3
Question 1:
Sin2(2x + 5)
Solution 1:
1 cos 2 2 x 5 1 cos 4 x 10
sin 2 2 x 5
2 2
1 cos 4 x 10
sin 2 2 x 5 dx dx
2
1 1
1dx cos 4 x 10 dx
2 2
1 1 sin 4 x 10
x C `
2 2 4
1 1
x sin 4 x 10 c
2 8
Question 2:
sin3x.cos4x
Solution 2:
It is known that, sin A cos B
1
2
sin A B sin A B
sin 3 x cos 4 xdx
1
2
sin 3 x 4 x sin 3 x 4 x dx
sin 7 x sin x dx
1
2
1
sin 7 x sin x dx
2
1 1
sin 7 xdx sin xdx
2 2
1 cos 7 x 1
cos x C
2 7 2
cos 7 x cos x
C
14 2
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Question 3:
cos 2x cos 4x cos 6x
Solution 3:
It is known that, cos A cos B
1
2
cos A B cos( A B
1
cos 2 x cos 4 x cos 6 x dx cos 2 x cos 4 x 6 x cos 4 x 6 x dx
2

1
2
cos 2 x cos10 x cos 2 x cos 2 x dx
cos 2 x cos10 x cos 2 2 x dx
1
2
1 1 1 cos 4 x
cos 2 x 10 x cos 2 x 10 x dx
2 2 2
1
cos12 x cos8 x 1 cos 4 x dx
4

1 sin12 x sin 8 x sin 4 x

x C
4 12 8 4
Question 4:
sin 3 2 x 1
Solution 4:
Let I sin 3 2 x 1
sin 3 2 x 1dx sin 2 2 x 1 .sin 2 x 1 dx
1 cos 2 2 x 1 sin 2 x 1 dx
Let cos 2 x 1 t
2sin 2 x 1 dx dt
dt
sin 2 x 1 dx
2
1
I
2
1 t 2 dt
1 t 3
t
2 3
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1 cos3 2 x 1
cos 2 x 1
2 3
cos 2 x 1 cos3 2 x 1
C
2 6
Question 5:
sin 3 x cos3 x
Solution 5:
Let I sin 3 x cos3 x.dx
cos3 x.sin 2 x.sin x.dx
cos3 x 1 cos 2 x sin x.dx

Let cosx = t
-sinx.dx dt
I t 3 1 t 2 dt
t 3 t 5 dt
t4 t6
C
4 6
cos 4 x cos 6 x
C
4 6
cos6 x cos 4 x
C
6 4
Question 6:
sin x sin 2x sin 3x
Solution 6:
It is known that, sin A sin B
1
2
cos A B cos A B

sin x sin 2 x sin 3xdx sin x. cos 2 x 3x cos 2 x 3 x dx
1
2
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1
2
sin x cos x sin x cos 5 x dx
1
sin cos x sin x cos 5 x dx
2
1 sin 2 x 1
dx sin x cos 5 xdx
2 2 2
1 cos 2 x 1 1
sin x 5 sin x 5 x dx
4 2 2 2
cos 2 x 1
sin 6 x sin 4 x dx
8 4
cos 2 x 1 cos 6 x cos 4 x
C
8 4 3 4
cos 2 x 1 cos 6 x cos 4 x
C
8 8 3 4
1 cos 6 x cos 4 x
cos 2 x C
8 3 4
Question 7:
sin 4 x sin8x
Solution 7:
1
It is known that, sin A sin B cos A B cos A B
2
1
sin 4 x sin 8 xdx cos 4 x 8 x cos 4 x 8 x dx
2

1
2
cos 4 x cos12 x dx
1
cos 4 x cos12 x dx
2
1 sin 4 x sin12 x

2 4 12
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Question 8:
1 cos x
1 cos x
Solution 8:
x
2sin 2
1 cos x 2 2 x 2 x
2sin 2 1 cos x and 2 cos 2 =1+cosx
1 cos x 2 cos 2 x
2
x
tan 2
2
x
sec 2 1
2
1 cos x x
dx sec 2 1dx
1 cos x 2
x
tan 2
x C
1

2
x
2 tan x C
2
Question 9:
cos x
1 cos x
Solution 9:
x x
cos 2 sin 2
cos x 2 2 2 x 2 x 2 x
cos x cos 2 sin 2 and cos x 2cos 2 1
1 cos x 2cos 2 x
2
1 x
1 tan 2
2 2
cos x 1 x
dx 1 tan 2 dx
1 cos x 2 2
1 2 x

2
1 sec 1 dx
2
Top tutor.
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1 2 x

2
2 sec dx
2
x
tan
1 2 C
2 x
2 1

2
x
x tan C
2
Question 10:
sin 4 x
Solution 10:
sin 4 x sin 2 x sin 2 x
1 cos 2 x 1 cos 2 x

2 2
1
1 cos 2 x
2
4
1
1 cos 2 2 x 2 cos 2 x
4
1 1 cos 4 x
1 2cos 2 x
4 2
1 1 1
1 cos 4 x 2 cos 2 x
4 2 2
1 3 1
cos 4 x 2 cos 2 x
4 2 2
1 3 1
sin 4 xdx cos 4 x 2 cos 2 x dx
4 2 2
1 3 1 sin 4 x 2sin 2 x
x C
4 2 2 4 2
1 sin 4 x
3 x 2sin 2 x C
8 4
3x 1 1
sin 2 x sin 4 x C
8 4 32
Top tutor.
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Question 11:
cos 4 2x
Solution 11:
cos4 2 x cos2 2 x
2
1 cos 4 x
2

2
1
1 cos 2 4 x 2 cos 4 x
4
1 1 cos8 x
1 2cos 4 x
4 2
1 1 cos8 x
1 2 cos 4 x
4 2 2
1 3 cos8 x
2 cos 4 x
4 2 2
3 cos8 x cos 4 x
cos 4 2 xdx dx
8 8 2
3 sin 8 x sin 4 x
x C
8 64 8
Question 12:
sin 2 x
1 cos x
Solution 12:
2
x x
2sin cos

2

sin x 2 2 x x 2 x
sin x 2sin cos ;cos x 2 cos 1
1 cos x 2 cos 2
x 2 2 2
2
x x
4sin 2 cos 2
2 2
2 x
2 cos
2
x
2sin 2
2
1 cos x
Top tutor.
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sin 2 x
dx 1 cos x dx
1 cos x
x sin x C
Question 13:
cos 2 x cos 2
cos x cos
Solution 13:
2 x 2 2 x 2a
2sin sin
cos 2 x cos 2 2 2 CD C D
cos C cos D 2sin 2 sin 2
cos x cos x x
2sin sin
2 2
sin x sin x

x x
sin sin
2 2
x x x x
2sin 2 cos 2 2sin 2 cos 2

x x
sin sin
2 2
x x
4 cos cos
2 2
x x x x
2 cos cos
2 2 2 2
2 cos x cos
2 cos x 2 cos
cos 2 x cos 2
dx 2 cos x 2 cos
cos x cos
2 sin x x cos C
Question 14:
cos x sin x
1 sin 2 x
Top tutor.
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Solution 14:
cos x sin x cos x sin x

1 sin 2 x sin 2 x cos2 x 2sin x cos x
sin 2 x cos2 x 1;sin 2 x 2sin x cos x
cos x sin x

sin x cos x
2
Let sin x cos x t

cos x sin x dx dt
cos x sin x cos x sin x
dx dx
1 sin 2 x sin x cos x
2
dt

t2
t 2 dt
t 1 C
1
C
t
1
C
sin x cos x
Question 15:
tan 3 2 x sec 2 x
Solution 15:
tan 3 2 x sec 2 x tan 2 2 x tan 2 x sec 2 x
sec 2 2 x 1 tan 2 x sec 2 x
sec 2 2 x.tan 2 x sec 2 x tan 2 x sec 2 x
tan 3 2 x sec 2 x dx sec 2 2 x.tan 2 x sec 2 x dx tan 2 x sec 2 xdx
sec 2 x
sec 2 2 x.tan 2 x sec 2 x dx C
2
Let sec 2 x t
2sec 2 x tan 2 xdx dt
1 sec 2 x
tan 3 2 x sec 2 xdx t 2 dt C
2 2
Top tutor.
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t 3 sec 2 x
C
6 2
sec 2 x
3
sec 2 x
C
6 2
Question 16:
tan 4 x
Solution 16:
tan 4 x
tan 2 x.tan 2 x
sec 2 x 1 tan 2 x
sec 2 x tan 2 x tan 2 x

sec 2 x tan 2 x sec 2 x 1
sec 2 x tan 2 x sec 2 x 1
tan 4 xdx sec2 x tan 2 xdx sec2 xdx 1.dx
sec2 x tan 2 xdx tan x x C ... 1
Consider sec2 x tan 2 xdx

Let tan x 1 sec2 xdx dt
t 3 tan 3 x
sec2 x tan 2 xdx t 2 dt
3 3
From equation (1), we obtain
1
tan xdx 3 tan x tan x x C
4 3
Question 17:
sin 3 x cos3 x
sin 2 x cos 2 x
Solution 17:
sin 3 x cos3 x sin 3 x cos3 x

sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x
Top tutor.
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sin x cos x

2
cos x sin 2 x
tan x sec x cot x cos ecx
sin 3 x cos3 x
dx tan x sec x cot x cos ecx dx
sin 2 x cos 2 x
sec x cos ecx C
Question 18:
cos 2 x 2sin 2 x
cos 2 x
Solution 18:
cos 2 x 2sin 2 x
cos 2 x
cos 2 x 1 cos 2 x
cos 2 x 1 2sin 2 x
cos 2 x
1

cos 2 x
sec 2 x
cos 2 x 2sin 2 x
2
dx sec2 xdx tan x C
cos x
Question 19:
1
sin x cos 3 x
Solution 19:
1 sin 2 x cos 2 x

sin x cos3 x sin x cos3 x
sin x 1
3

cos x sin x cos x
1cos 2 x
tan x sec x
2
sin x cos x
cos 2 x
Top tutor.
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sec2 x
tan x sec2 x
tan x
1 sec2 x
dx tan x sec 2
xdx tan x dx
sin x cos3 x
Let tan x 1 sec2 xdx dt
1 1
3
dx tdt dt
sin x cos x t
2
t
log t C
2
1
tan 2 x log tan x C
2
Question 20:
cos 2 x
cos x sin x
2
Solution 20:
cos 2 x cos 2 x cos 2 x

cos x sin x cos x sin x 2sin x cos x 1 sin 2 x
2 2 2
cos 2 x cos 2 x
dx dx
cos x sin x
2
1 sin 2 x
Let 1 sin 2 x t
2cos 2 xdx dt
cos 2 x 1 1
dx dt
cos x sin x
2
2 t
1
log t C
2
1
log 1 sin 2 x C
2
1
log sin x cos x C
2
2
log sin x cos x C
Top tutor.
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Question 21:
sin 1 cos x
Solution 21:
sin 1 cos x
Let cos x t
Then, sin x 1 t 2
sin x dx dt
dt
dx
sin x
dt
dx
1 t2
dt
sin 1 cos x dx sin 1 t
1 t
2
sin 1 t

1 t2
Let sin 1 t u
1
dt du
1 t2
sin 1 cos x dx 4du
u2
C
2
sin1 t
2
C
2
sin 1 cos x
2
C ... 1
2
It is known that,

sin -1 x cos 1 x
2

sin -1 cos x
cos 1 cos x x
2 2
Substituting in equation (1), we obtain
Top tutor.
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x
2
sin cos x dx 2 C
-1
12
x2 x C
2 2
2 x2 1
xC
8 2 2
x x2 2
C
2 2 8
x x2
C1
2 2
Question 22:
1
cos x a cos x b
Solution 22:
1 1 sin a b

cos x a cos x b sin a b cos x a cos x b
1 sin x b x a

sin a b cos x a cos x b
1 sin x b cos x a cos x b sin x a

1
tan x b tan x a
sin a b
1 1
tan x b tan x a dx
sin a b
dx
cos x a cos x b
1
log cos x b log cos x a
sin a b
1 cos x a
log C
sin a b cos x b
Top tutor.
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Question 23:
sin 2 x cos 2 x
sin 2 x cos2 x dx is equal to
(A)tan x + cot x + C (B) tan x + cosec x + C
(C) -tan x + cot x + C (D) tan x + sec x + C
Solution 23:
sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x
sin 2 x cos2 x dx sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x dx
sec2 x cos ec 2 x dx
tan x cot x C
Question 24:
e x 1 x
cos e x dx equals
2 x
(A) cot (exx) + C (B) tan (xex) + C

(C) tan (ex) + C (D) cot (ex) + C
Solution 24:
e x 1 x
cos e x dx
2 x
Let exx = t
e x .x e x .1 dx dt
e x x 1 dx dt
e x 1 x dt
dx
cos e x
2 x
cos 2 t
sec 2 tdt
tan t C
tan e x .x C
Top tutor.
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EXERCISE- 7.4
Question 1:
3x 2
x6 1
Solution 1:
Let x3 = t
3x2 dx = dt
3x 2 dt
dx 2
x 1
6
t 1
tan 1 t C
tan 1 t x 3 C
Question 2:
1
1 4x 2
Solution 2:
Let 2x = t
2dx = dt
1 1 dt
dx
1 4x2 2 1 t2
1
log t t 2 1 C
1
2 dt log x x 2 a 2
2
x a
2

1
log 2 x 4 x 2 1 C
2
Question 3:
1
2 x 1
2
Solution 3:
Let 2 x = t
Top tutor.
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dx = dt
1 1
dx dt
2 x 1 t 1
2 2
1
log t t 2 1 C 2 dt log x x 2 a 2
x a
2
log 2 x 2 x 1 C
2
1
log C
2 x x2 4x 5
Question 4:
1
9 25x 2
Solution 4:
Let 5x = t
5dx = dt
1 1 1
dx dt
9 25 x 2 5 9 t2
1 1
dt
5 3 t2
2
1 t
sin 1 C
5 3
1 5x
sin 1 C
5 3
Question 5:
3x
1 2x4
Solution 5:
Let 2x2 t
2 2 xdx dt
Top tutor.
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3x 3 dt
dx
1 2x 4
2 2 1 t
2
3
tan 1 t C
2 2

3
2 2

tan 1 2 x 2 C
Question 6:
x2
1 x6
Solution 6:
Let x3 = t
3x2 dx = dt
x2 1 dt
dx
1 x 6
3 1 t2
1 1 1 t
log C
3 2 1 t
1 1 x3
log C
6 1 x3
Question 7:
x 1
x2 1
Solution 7:
x 1 x 1
dx dx dx ... 1
x2 1 x2 1 x2 1
x
For x 1
2
dx, let x 2 1 t 2 xdx dt
x 1 dt
dx
x2 1 2 t
Top tutor.
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1 12
2
t dt
1 1
2t 2
2
t
x2 1
From (1), we obtain
x 1 x 1 x
x2 1
dx
x2 1
dx
x2 1
dx 2
x a
2
dt log x x 2 a 2

x2 1 log x x 2 1 C
Question 8:
x2
x6 a6
Solution 8:
Let x3 = t
3x2 dx = dt
x2 1 dt
dx
x6 a6
3 t 2 a3 2
1
log t t 6 a 6 C
3
1
log x 3 x 6 a 6 C
3
Question 9:
sec 2 x
tan 2 x 4
Solution 9:
Let tan x = t
sec2 x dx = dt
Top tutor.
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sec2 x dt
dx
tan 2 x 4 t 2 22
log t t 2 4 C
log tan x tan 2 x 4 C
Question 10:
1
x 2x 2
2
Solution 10:
1 1
dx dx
x 2x 2 x 1 1
2 2 2
Let x+1=t
dx=dt
1 1
dx dt
x 2x 2
2
t 1
2
log t t 2 1 C
log x 1 x 1
2
1 C
log x 1 x2 2 x 2 C
Question 11:
1
9x2 6 x 5
Solution 11:
1 1
9 x2 6 x 5
dx
3x 1 2
2 2
dx
Let 3 x 1 t
3dx dt
Top tutor.
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1 1 1
dx dt
3x 1 2 3 t 22
2 2 2
1 1 t
tan 1 C
3 2 2
1 3x 1
tan 1 C
6 2
Question 12:
1
7 6x x 2
Solution 12:
7 6x x 3 can be written as 7 x 2 6 x 9 9
Therefore,
7 x2 6 x 9 9
16 x 2 6 x 9
16 x 3
2
4 x 3
2 2
1 1
dx dx
7 6x x 4 x 3
2 2 2
Let x 3 1
dx dt
1 1
dx dt
4 x 3 4 t
2 2 2 2
t
sin 1 C
4
x3
sin 1 C
4
Top tutor.
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Question 13:
1
x 1 x 2
Solution 13:
(x 1) (x 2) can be written as x 2 3 x 2 .
Therefore,
x 2 3x 2
9 9
x 2 3x 2
4 4
2
3 1
x
2 4
2 2
3 1
x
2 2
1 1
dx dx
x 1 x 2
2
3 1
2
x
2 2
3
Let x t
2
dx dt
1 1
dx dt
2 2 2
3 1 1
x t2
2 2 2
2
1
log t t 2 C
2
3
log x x 2 3x 2 C
2
Question 14:
1
8 3x x 2
Solution 14:
9 9
8 3x x 2 can be written as 8 x 2 3 x
4 4
Top tutor.
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Therefore,
9 9
8 x 2 3x
4 4
2
41 3
x
4 2
1 1
dx dx
8 3x x 2
41 3
2
x
4 2
3
Let x t
2
dx dt
1 1
dx dt
2 2
41 3 41
x t
2
4 2
4

t
sin 1 C
41

2
3
x
sin 1 2 C
41

2
2x 3
sin 1 C
41
Question 15:
1
x a x b
Solution 15:
x a x b can be written as x 2 a b x ab .
Therefore,
x 2 a b x ab
Top tutor.
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a b a b
2 2
x a b
2
x ab
4 4
a b a b
2 2
x
2 4
1 1
dx dx
x a x b 2
a b a b
2
x
2 2
ab
Let x t
2
dx dt
1 1
dx dt
ab
2 2
a b a b
2
x t2
2 2 2
ab
2
log t t
2
C
2
a b
log x x a x b +C
2
Question 16:
4x 1
2 x2 x 3
Solution 16:
Let 4 x 1 A
d
dx
2 x 2 x 3 B
4 x 1 A 4 x 1 B
4 x 1 4 Ax A B
Equating the coefficients of x and constant term on both sides, we obtain
4A = 4 A = 1
A+B=1B=0
Let 2x2 + x 3 = t
(4x + 1) dx = dt
Top tutor.
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4x 1 1
dx dt
2x x 3
2
t
2 t C
2 2 x2 x 3 C
Question 17:
x2
x2 1
Solution 17:
Let x + 2 = A
d 2
dx
x 1 B ... 1
x 2 A 2x B
1
2A 1 A
2
B2
From (1), we obtain
1
x 2 2x 2
2
1
x2 2x 2
Then, dx 2 dx
x2 1 x2 1
1 2x 2
dx dx ... 2
2 x2 1 x2 1
1 2x
In
2 x 1
2
dx let x 2 1 t 2 xdx dt
1 2x 1 dt
2 x2 1
dx =
2 t
1
2 t
2
t
x2 1
2 1
Then, x 1
2
dx 2
x 1
2
dx 2 log x x 2 1
Top tutor.
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x2
x 2 1dx x 1 2 log x x 1 C
2 2
Question 18:
5x 2
1 2 x 3x 2
Solution 18:
Let 5x 2 = A
d
dx
1 2 x 3x 2 B
5x 2 A 2 6 x B
Equating the coefficient of x and constant term on both sides, we obtain
5
5 6A A
6
11
2 A B 2 B
3
5 11
5x 2 2 6 x
6 3
5 11
5x 2 2 6x
dx 6 3 dx
1 2 x 3x 2
1 2 x 3x 2
5 2 6x 11 1
dx dx
6 1 2 x 3x 2
3 1 2 x 3x 2
2 6x 1
Let I1 dx and I 2 dx
1 2 x 3x 2
1 2 x 3x 2
5x 2 5 11
dx I1 I 2 ... 1
1 2 x 3x 2
6 3
2 6x
I1 dx
1 2 x 3x 2
Let 1 2 x 3x 2 t
2 6x dx dt
dt
I1
t
I1 log t
I1 log 1 2 x 3x 2 ... 2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1
I2 dx
1 2 x 3x 2
2
1 2 x 3x 2 can be written as 1+3 x 2 x
3
Therefore,
2
1+3 x 2 x
3
2 1 1
1 3 x2 x
3 9 9
2
1 1
1 3 x
3 3
2
2 1
3 x
3 3
1 2
2
3 x
3 9
1 2
2 2
3 x
3 3

1 1
I2 dx
3 2

2

x
1 2

3 3

1
x
1 1
tan 1 3
3 2 2
3
3
1 3 3x 1
tan 1
3 2 2
1 3x 1
tan 1 ... 3
2 2
Substituting equations (2) and (3) in equation (1), we obtain
5x 2 5 11 1 1 3 x 1
1 2 x 3x 2 dx 6 log 1 2 x 3x 3 2 tan 2 C
2
5 11 3x 1
log 1 2 x 3 x 2 tan 1 C
6 3 2 2
Top tutor.
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Question 19:
6x 7
x 5 x 4
Solution 19:
6x 7 6x 7

x 5 x 4 x 2 9 x 20
Let 6 x 7 = A
d 2
dx
x 9 x 20 B
6x 7 A 2x 9 B
Equating the coefficients of x and constant term, we obtain
2A = 6 A = 3
9A + B = 7 B = 34
6x + 7 = 3 (2x 9) + 34
6x 7 3 2 x 9 34
x2 9 x 20 x2 9 x 20 dx

2x 9 1
3 dx 34 dx
x 9 x 20
2
x 9 x 20
2
2x 9 1
x 9 x 20
2
x 9 x 20
2
6x 7
3I1 34 I 2 1
x 9 x 20
2
Then,
2x 9
I1 dx
x 9 x 20
2
Let x 2 9 x 20 t
2 x 9 dx dt
dt
I1
t
I1 2 t
I1 2 x 2 9 x 20 ... 2
1
and I 2 dx
x 2 9 x 20
81 81
x 2 9 x 20 can be written as x 2 9 x 20 .
4 4
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Therefore,
81 81
x 2 9 x 20
4 4
2
9 1
x
2 4
2 2
9 1
x
2 2
1
I2 2 2
dx
9 1
x
2 2
9
I 2 log x x 2 9 x 20 ... 3
2
Substituting equations (2) and (3) in (1), we obtain
6x 7 9
dx 3 2 x 2 9 x 20 34log x x 2 9 x 20 +C
x 2 9 x 20 2
9
6 x 2 9 x 20 34log x x 2 9 x 20 C
2
Question 20:
x2
4 x x2
Solution 20:
Let x + 2 = A
d
dx
4x x2 B
x 2 A 4 2x B
1
2 A 1 A
2
4A B 2 B 4
1
x 2 4 2x 4
2
1
4 2x 4
x2
dx 2 dx
4x x 2
4x x2
Top tutor.
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1 4 2x 1
2
4x x 2
dx 4
4x x2
dx
4 2x 1
4x x 2
4x x2
x2 1
dx I1 and 4 I 2 ... 1
4x x 2 2
4 2x
Then, I1 dx
4 x x2
Let 4 x x 2 t
4 2 x dx dt
dt
I1 2 t 2 4x x2 ... 2
t
1
I2 dx
4x x2
4 x x 2 4 x x 2
4 x x 2 4 4
4 x 2
2
2 x 2
2 2
1 x2
I2 dx sin 1 ... 3
2 x 2 2
2 2
Using equations (2) and (3) in (1), we obtain

x2 1

1 x 2
4x x2 dx 2 2 4x x 4sin 2 C
2
x2
4 x x 2 4sin 1 C
2
Question 21:
x2
x2 2 x 3
Solution 21:
x2 1 2 x 2
x2 2x 3
dx
2 x2 2x 3
dx
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 2x 4

2 x 2x 3
2
dx
1 2x 2 1 2
dx dx
2 x 2x 3
2 2 x 2x 3
2
1 2x 2 1
dx dx
2 x 2x 3
2
x 2x 3
2
2x 2 1
x 2x 3
2
x 2x 3
2
x2 1
dx I1 I 2 ... 1
x 2x 3
2 2
2x 2
Then, I1 dx
x2 2x 3
Let x2 + 2x +3 = t
(2x + 2) dx =dt
dt
I1 2 t 2 x2 2x 3 ... 2
t
1
I2 dx
x 2x 3
2
x 2 2 x 3 x 2 2 x 1 2 x 1 2
2 2
1
I2 dx log x 1 x 2 2 x 3 ... 3
x 1 2
2

2

x2 1
x 2 2 x 3 dx 2 2 x 2 x 3 log x 1 x 2 x 3 C
2 2
x2 2 x 3 log x 1 x 2 2 x 3 C
Question 22:
x3
x 2x 5
2
Solution 22:
Let x 3 A
d 2
dx
x 2 x 5 B
x 3 A 2 x 2 B
Top tutor.
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1
2A 1 A
2
2 A B 3 B 4
1
( x 3) 2 x 2 4
2
1
x3 2x 2 4
2 dx 22 dx
x 2x 5 x 2x 5
1 2x 2 1
2 dx 4 2 dx
2 x 2x 5 x 2x 5
2x 2 1
Let I1 2 dx and I 2 2 dx
x 2x 5 x 2x 5
x3 1
2 dx I1 4 I 2 ... 1
x 2x 5 2
2x 2
Then, I1 2 dx
x 2x 5
Let x 2 2 x 5 = t
2 x 2 dx dt
dt
I1 log t log x 2 2 x 5 ... 2
t
1
I2 2 dx
x 2x 5
1
2 dx

x 2x 1 6
1
dx
x 1 6
2

2
1 x 1 6
log ... 3
2 6 x 1 6
Substituting (2) and (3) in (1), we obtain
x3 1 4 x 1 6
x 2
2x 5
dx log x 2 2 x 5
2 2 6
log
x 1 6
C
1 2 x 1 6
log x 2 2 x 5 log C
2 6 x 1 6
Top tutor.
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Question 23:
5x 3
x 2 4 x 10
Solution 23:
Let 5 x 3 A
d 2
dx
x 4 x 10 B
5x 3 A 2 x 4 B
5
2A 5 A
2
4 A B 3 B 7
5
5x 3 2x 4 7
2
5
5x 3 2x 4 7
dx 2 dx
x 2 4 x 10 x 2 4 x 10
5 2x 4 1
dx 7 dx
2 x 2 4 x 10 x 2 4 x 10
2x 4 1
x 2 4 x 10 x 2 4 x 10
5x 3 5
dx I1 7 I 2 .(1)
x 2 4 x 10 2
2x 4
Then, I1 dx
x 2 4 x 10
Let x 2 4 x 10 = t
2 x 4 dx dt
dt
I1 2 t 2 x 2 4 x 10 ... 2
t
1
I2 dx
x 2 4 x 10
1
dx
x 2
4 x 4 6
1
dx
x 2
2

2
6
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
log x 2 x 2 4 x 10 ... 3
5x 3 5
x 2 4 x 10 dx 2 2 x 4 x 10 7 log x 2 x 4 x 10 C
2 2
5 x2 4 x 10 7 log x 2 x 2 4 x 10 C
Question 24:
dx
x 2x 2
2
equals
(A) x tan-1 (x + 1) + C (B) tan-1 (x + 1) + C

(C) (x + 1) tan-1 x + C (D) tan-1x + C
Solution 24:
dx dx
x 2
2x 2
2
x 2 x 1 1
1
dx
x 1 1
2 2
tan 1 x 1 C
Question 25:
dx
9 x 4 x2
equals
1 1 9 x 8 1 1 8 x 9
(A) sin C (B) sin C
9 8 2 9
1 1 9 x 8 1 1 9 x 8
(C) sin C (D) sin C
3 8 2 9
Solution 25:
dx
9 x 4 x2
Top tutor.
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1
dx
9
4 x 2 x
4
1
dx
9 81 81
4 x 2 x
4 64 64
1
dx
9 9
2 2
4 x
8 8
1 1
2 2
dx
2 9 9
x
8 8
9
x
1 1 dy y
sin 8 C
sin 1 C
2 9 a2 y2 a

8
1 8x 9
sin 1 C
2 9
EXERCISE- 7.5
Question 1:
x
x 1 x 2
Solution 1:
x A B
Let
x 1 x 2 x 1 x 2
x A x 2 B x 1
A+B=1
2A + B = 0
On solving, we obtain
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A = 1 and B = 2
x 1 2

x 1 x 2 x 1 x 2
x 1 2
dx dx
x 1 x 2 x 1 x 2
log x 1 2 log x 2 C
log x 2 log x 1 C
2
x 2
2
log C
x 1
Question 2:
1
x 9
2
Solution 2:
1 A B
Let
x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3
1 A x 3 B x 3
A+B=0
3A + 3B = 1
1 1
A and B
6 6
1 1 1

x 3 x 3 6 x 3 6 x 3
1 1 1
dx 6 x 3 6 x 3 dx

( x 2 9)
1 1
log x 3 log x 3 C
6 6
1 x 3
log C
6 x 3
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Question 3:
3x 1
x 1 x 2 x 3
Solution 3:
3x 1 A B C
Let
x 1 x 2 x 3 x 1 x 2 x 3
3 x 1 A x 2 x 3 B x 1 x 3 C x 1 x 2 ... 1
Equating the coefficients of x2, x and constant term, we obtain
A+B+C=0
5A 4B 3C = 3
6A + 3B + 2C = 1
Solving these equations, we obtain
A = 1, B = 5, and C = 4
3x 1 1 5 4

x 1 x 2 x 3 x 1 x 2 x 3
3x 1 1 5 4
dx dx
x 1 x 2 x 3 x 1 x 2 x 3
log x 1 5log x 2 4 log x 3 C
Question 4:
x
x 1 x 2 x 3
Solution 4:
x A B C
Let
x 1 x 2 x 3 x 1 x 2 x 3
x A x 2 x 3 B x 1 x 3 C x 1 x 2 ... 1
A+B+C=0
5A 4B 3C = 1
6A + 4B + 2C = 0
1 3
A , B 2 and C
2 2
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x 1 2 3

x 1 x 2 x 3 2 x 1 x 2 2 x 3
x 1 2 3
dx dx
x 1 x 2 x 3 2 x 1 x 2 2 x 3
1 3
log x 1 2 log x 2 log x 3 C
2 2
Question 5:
2x
x 3x 2
2
Solution 5:
2x A B
Let
x 3x 2 x 1 x 2
2
2 x A x 2 B x 1 ... 1
A+B=2
2A + B = 0
A = 2 and B = 4
2x 2 4

x 1 x 2 x 1 x 2
2x 4 2
dx dx
x 1 x 2 x 2 x 1
4 log x 2 2 log x 1 C
Question 6:
1 x2
x 1 2 x
Solution 6:
It can be seen that the given integrand is not a proper fraction.
Therefore, on dividing (1 x2) by x(1 2x), we obtain
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1 x2 1 1 2 x

x 1 2 x 2 2 x 1 2 x
2 x A B
Let
x 1 2 x x 1 2 x
2 x A 1 2 x Bx ... 1
2A + B = 1
And A = 2
A = 2 and B = 3
2 x 2 3

x 1 2 x x 1 2 x
Substituting in equation (1), we obtain
1 x2 1 1 2 3

x 1 2 2 2 x 1 2 x
1 x2 1 1 2 3
dx dx
x 1 2 2 2 x 1 2 x
x 3
log x log 1 2 x C
2 2 2
x 3
log x log 1 2 x C
2 4
Question 7:
x
x 1 x 1
2
Solution 7:
x Ax B C
Let 2
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
2
x Ax B x 1 C x 2 1
x Ax 2 Ax Bx B Cx 2 C
Equating the coefficients of x2, x, and constant term, we obtain
A+C=0
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A + B = 1
B + C = 0
On solving these equations, we obtain
1 1 1
A , B , and C
2 2 2
1 1 1
x
2 2
x 2 2
2
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
x 1 x 1 1 1 1
2 dx 2 dx dx
x 1 x 1 2 x 1 2 x 1 2 x 1
2
1 2x 1 1

4 x 1
2
dx tan 1 x log x 1 C
2 2
Consider 2 dx, let x 2 1 t 2 xdx dt

2x
x 1
2x dt
2 dx log t log x 2 1
x 1 t
x 1 1 1
2 log x 2 1 tan 1 x log x 1 C

x 1 x 1 4 2 2
1 1 1
log x 1 log x 2 1 tan 1 x C
2 4 2
Question 8:
x
x 1 x 2
2
Solution 8:
x A B C
Let
x 1 x 2
2
x 1 x 1 x 2
2
x A x 1 x 2 B x 2 C x 1
2
Substituting x = 1, we obtain
A+C=0
A + B 2C = 1
2A + 2B + C = 0
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2 2
A and C
9 9
1
B
3
x 2 1 2

x 1 x 2 9 x 1 3 x 1 9 x 2
2 2
x 2 1 1 1 2 1
dx dx dx dx
x 1 x 2
2
9 x 1 3 x 1 2
9 x 2
2 1 1 2
log x 1 log x 2 C
9 3 x 1 9
2 x 1 1
log C
9 x 2 3 x 1
Question 9:
3x 5
x x2 x 1
3
Solution 9:
3x 5 3x 5

x x x 1 x 12 x 1
32
3x 5 A B C
Let
x 1 x 1
2
x 1 x 1 x 1
2
3x 5 A x 1 x 1 B x 1 x 1
2
3x 5 A x 1 B x 1 C x 2 1 2 x ... 1
2

A+C=0
B 2C = 3
A+B+C=5
B=4
1 1
A and C
2 2
3x 5 1 4 1

x 1 x 1 2 x 1 x 1 2 x 1
2 2
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3x 5 1 1 1 1 1
dx dx 4 dx dx
x 1 x 1
2
2 x 1 x 1
2
2 x 1
1 1 1
log x 1 4 log x 1 C
2 x 1 2
1 x 1 4
log C
2 x 1 x 1
Question 10:
2x 3
x 1 2 x 3
2
Solution 10:
2x 3 2x 3

x 1 2 x 3 x 1 x 1 2 x 3
2
2x 3 A B C
Let
x 1 x 1 2 x 3 x 1 x 1 2 x 3
2 x 3 A x 1 2 x 3 B x 1 2 x 3 C x 1 x 1
2 x 3 A 2 x 2 x 3 B 2 x 2 5 x 3 C x 2 1
2 x 3 2 A 2 B C x 2 ( A 5 B ) x 3 A 3 B C
Equating the coefficients of x2, x and constant, we obtain
2A + 2B + C = 0
A + 5B = 2
3A + 3B C = 3
1 5 24
B , A , and C=-
10 2 5
2x 3 5 1 24

x 1 x 1 2 x 3 2 x 1 10 x 1 5 2 x 3
2x 3 5 1 1 1 24 1
dx dx dx dx
x 1 2 x 3 2 x 1 10 x 1 5 2 x 3
2
5 1 24
log x 1 log x 1 log 2 x 3
2 10 5 2
5 1 12
log x 1 log x 1 log 2 x 3 C
2 10 5
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Question 11:
5x
x 1 x 2 4
Solution 11:
5x 5x

x 1 x 4 x 1 x 2 x 2
2
5x A B C
Let
x 1 x 2 x 2 x 1 x 2 x 2
5 x A x 2 x 2 B x 1 x 2 C x 1 x 2 ... 1
Equating the coefficients of x2, x and constant, we obtain
A+B+C=0
B + 3C = 5 and
4A 2B + 2C = 0
5 5 5
A , B , and C
3 2 6
5x 5 5 5

x 1 x 2 x 2 3 x 1 2 x 2 6 x 2
5x 5 1 5 1 5 1
dx dx dx dx
x 1 x 4
2
3 x 1 2 x 2 6 x 2
5 5 5
log x 1 log x 2 log x 2 C
3 2 6
Question 12:
x3 x 1
x2 1
Solution 12:
It can be seen that the given integrand is not a proper fraction.
Therefore, on dividing (x3 + x + 1) by x2 1, we obtain
x3 x 1 2x 1
x 2
x 1
2
x 1
2x 1 A B
Let 2
x 1 x 1 x 1
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2 x 1 A x 1 B x 1 ... 1
Equating the coefficients of x and constant, we obtain
A+B=2
A+B=1
1 3
A and B
2 2
x3 x 1 1 3
x
x 1
2
2 x 1 2 x 1
x3 x 1 1 1 3 1
2 dx xdx dx dx
x 1 2 x 1 2 x 1
x2 3
log x 1 log x 1 C
2 2
Question 13:
2
1 x 1 x 2
Solution 13:
2 A Bx C
Let
1 x 1 x 2
1 x 1 x 2
2 A 1 x 2 Bx C 1 x
2 A Ax 2 Bx Bx 2 C Cx
Equating the coefficient of x2, x, and constant term, we obtain
AB=0
BC=0
A+C=2
A = 1, B = 1, and C = 1
2 1 x 1

1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 2
2
2 1 x 1
dx dx dx dx
1 x 1 x
2
1 x 1 x 2
1 x2
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1 1 2x 1
dx dx dx
1 x 2 1 x 2
1 x2
1
log x 1 log 1 x 2 tan 1 x C
2
Question 14:
3x 1
x 2
2
Solution 14:
3x 1 A B
Let
x 2
2
x 2 x 2 2
3x 1 A x 2 B
Equating the coefficient of x and constant term, we obtain
A=3
2A + B = 1 B = 7
3x 1 3 7

x 2 x 2 x 2
2 2
3x 1 1 x
dx 3 dx 7 dx
x 2
2
x 2 x 2
2
1
3log x 2 7 C
x 2
7
3log x 2 C
x 2
Question 15:
1
x 1
4
Solution 15:
1 1 1
2
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 1 x 2
4 2
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1 A B Cx D
Let 2
x 1 x 1 1 x x 1 x 1 x 1
2
1 A x 1 1 x 2 B x 1 1 x 2 Cx D x 2 1
1 A x3 x x 2 1 B x3 x x 2 1 Cx3 Dx 2 Cx D
1 A B C x3 A B D x 2 A B C x A B D
Equating the coefficient of x3, x2, x, and constant term, we obtain
A B C 0
A B D 0
A B C 0
A B D 1
1 1 1
A , B , C 0, and D
4 4 2
1 1 1 1
4
x 1 4 x 1 4 x 1 2 x2 1
1 1 1 1
dx log x 1 log x 1 tan1 x C
x 1 4
4 4 2
1 x 1 1 1
log tan x C
4 x 1 2
Question 16:
1
x x n 1
[Hint: multiply numerator and denominator by xn-1 and put xn = t]
Solution 16:
1
x x n 1
Multiplying numerator and denominator by xn-1, we obtain
1 x n 1 x n 1

x x n 1 x n 1 x x n 1 x n x n 1
Let x n t x n 1dx dt
1 x n1 1 1
dx dx dt
x x 1
n
x x 1
n n
n t t 1
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1 A B
Let
t t 1 t t 1
1 A 1 t Bt ... 1
Equating the coefficients of t and constant, we obtain
A = 1 and B = 1
1 1 1

t t 1 t 1 t
1 1 1 1

n t 1 t
dx dx
x x n 1
1
log t log t 1 C
n
1
log x n log x n 1 C
n
1 xn
log n C
n x 1
Question 17:
cos x
[Hint: Put sin x = t]
1 sin x 2 sin x
Solution 17:
cos x
1 sin x 2 sin x
Let sin x t cos xdx dt
cos x dt
dx
1 sin x 2 sin x 1 t 2 t
1 A B
Let
1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t
1 A 2 t B 1 t ... 1
2A B = 0 and
2A + B = 1
A = 1 and B = -1
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1 1 1

1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t
cos x 1 1
dx dt
1 sin x 2 sin x 1 t 2 t
log 1 t log 2 t C
2t
log C
1 t
2 sin x
log C
1 sin x
Question 18:
x 2
1 x 2 2
x 2
3 x 2 4
Solution 18:
x 2
1 x 2 2

4x 2
10
x 2
3 x 2 4 x 2
3 x 2 4
Let
4x 2
10

Ax B Cx D

x 2
3 x 4 2
x 2 3 x 2 4
4 x 2 10 Ax B x 2 4 Cx D x 2 3
4 x 2 10 Ax3 4 Ax Bx 2 4 B Cx 3 3Cx Dx 2 3D
4 x 2 10 A C x 3 B D x 2 4 A 3C x 4 B 3D
Equating the coefficients of x3, x2, x and constant term, we obtain
A+C=0
B+D=4
4A + 3C = 0
4B + 3D = 10
A = 0, B = 2, C = 0, and D = 6
4x 2
10

2
2
6
x 2
3 x 4 2
x 3 x 4
2
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x 2
1 x 2 2

2

6

x 2
3 x 2 4 x 2 3 x 2 4

x 2
1 x 2 2 2 6
x 2
3 x 2 4
dx x2 3 x2 4 dx
1

2 6
1 2
x 22
2
x2 3

1 x 1 1 x
x 2 tan 1 6 2 tan 2 C
3 3
2 x x
x tan 1 3 tan 1 C
3 3 2
Question 19:
2x
x 1 x2 3
2
Solution 19:
2x
x 1 x2 3
2
Let x2 = t 2x dx = dt
2x dt
2 dx ... 1
x 1 x 3
2
t 1 t 3
1 A B
Let
t 1 t 3 t 1 t 3
1 A t 3 B t 1 ... 2
A + B = 0 and 3A + B = 1
1 1
A and B
2 2
1 1 1

t 1 t 3 2 t 1 2 t 3
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2x 1 1

x2 1 x2 3 2 t 1 2 t 3
dx dt
1 1
log t 1 log t 3 C
2 2
1 t 1
log C
2 t 3
1 x2 1
log 2 C
2 x 3
Question 20:
1
x x 4 1
Solution 20:
1
x x 4 1
Multiplying numerator and denominator by x3, we obtain
1 x3

x x 4 1 x 4 x 4 1
1 x3
dx dx
x x 4 1 x 4 x 4 1
Let x4 = t 4x3 dx = dt
1 1 dt
dx
x x 1
4
4 t t 1
1 A B
Let
t t 1 t t 1
1 A t 1 Bt ... 1
A = 1 and B = 1
1 1 1

t t 1 t t 1
1 1 1 1
dx dt
x x 1
4
4 t t 1
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1
log t log t 1 C
4
1 t 1
log C
4 t
1 x4 1
log C
4 x4
Question 21:
1
[Hint: Put ex = t]
e 1
x
Solution 21:
1
e 1
x
Let ex = t ex dx = dt
1 1 dt 1
x dx dt
e 1 t 1 t t t 1
1 A B
Let
t t 1 t t 1
1 A t 1 Bt ... 1
A = 1 and B = 1
1 1 1

t t 1 t t 1
1 t 1
dt log C
t t 1 t
ex 1
log x C
e
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Question 22:
xdx
x 1 x 2 equals
x-1
2
A. log C
x2
x-2
2
B. log C
x 1
x 1
2
C. log C
x2
D. log x-1 x 2 C
Solution 22:
x A B
Let
x 1 x 2 x 1 x 2
x A x 2 B x 1 ... 1
Equating the coefficients of x and constant, we obtain
A = 1 and B = 2
x 1 2

x 1 x 2 x 1 x 2
x 1 2
dx dx
x 1 x 2 x 1 x 2
log x 1 2log x 2 C
x 2
2
log C
x 1
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Question 23:
dx
xx 2
1
equals
A. log x log x 2 1 C
1
2
B. log x log x 2 1 C
1
2
C. -log x log x 2 1 C
1
2
D. log x log x 2 1 C
1
2
Solution 23:
1 A Bx C
Let 2
x x 1 x x 1
2
1 A x 2 1 Bx C x
A+B=0
C=0
A=1
A = 1, B = 1, and C = 0
1 1 x
2
x x 1 x x 1
2
1 1 x
dx 2 dx
x x 1
2
x x 1
1
log x log x 2 1 C
2
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EXERCISE- 7.6
Question 1:
x sin x
Solution 1:
Let I = x sin xdx
Taking x as first function and sin x as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
d
I x sin xdx x sin xdx dx
dx
x cos x 1. cos x dx
x cos x sin x C
Question 2:
x sin 3x
Solution 2:
Let I = x sin 3xdx
Taking x as first function and sin 3x as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
d
I x sin 3xdx x sin 3xdx
dx
cos 3 x cos 3 x
x 1. dx
3 3
x cos 3 x 1
cos 3 xdx
3 3
x cos 3 x 1
sin 3 x C
3 9
Question 3:
x 2e x
Solution 3:
Let I x 2e x dx
Taking x2 as first function and ex as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
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d
I x 2 e x dx x 2 e x dx dx
dx
x e 2 x e dx
2 x x
x 2e x 2 x.e x dx
Again integrating by parts, we obtain
d
x 2 e x 2 x. e x dx x 2 e x dx dx
dx
x 2e x 2 xe x e x dx

x 2e x 2 xe x e x
x 2 e x 2 xe x 2e x C
ex x2 2x 2 C
Question 4:
x log x
Solution 4:
Let I x log xdx
Taking log x as first function and x as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
d
I log x xdx log x xdx dx
dx
x2 1 x2
log x. . dx
2 x 2
2
x log x x
. dx
2 2
2
x log x x 2
C
2 4
Question 5:
X log 2x
Solution 5:
Let I x log 2 xdx
Taking log 2x as first function and x as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
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d
I log 2 x xdx 2log x xdx dx
dx
2 2
x 2 x
log 2 x. . dx
2 2x 2
2
x log 2 x x
dx
2 2
2 2
x log 2 x x
C
2 4
Question 6:
x 2 log x
Solution 6:
Let I x 2 log xdx
Taking log x as first function and x2 as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
d
I log x x 2 dx log x x 2 dx dx
dx
x3 1 x3
log x. . dx
3 x 3
x3 log x x2
dx
3 3
x3 log x x 3
C
3 9
Question 7:
x sin 1 x
Solution 7:
Let I x sin 1 xdx
Taking sin-1 x as first function and x as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
d
I sin 1 x x dx sin 1 x x dx dx
dx
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x2 1 x2
sin 1 x . dx
2 1 x2 2
x 2 sin 1 x 1 x2
dx
2 2 1 x2
x 2 sin 1 x 1 1 x 2 1
dx
2 2 1 x2 1 x2
x 2 sin 1 x 1 1
1 x2 dx
2 2 1 x2
x 2 sin 1 x 1 1
1 x 2 dx dx
2 2 1 x2
x 2 sin 1 x 1 x 1
1 x 2 sin 1 x sin 1 x C
2 2 2 2
x 2 sin 1 x x 1 1
1 x 2 sin 1 x sin 1 x C
2 4 4 2
2 x 2 1 in 1 x
1 x
1 x2 C
4 4
Question 8:
x tan 1 x
Solution 8:
Let I x tan 1 x dx
Taking tan-1 x as first function and x as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
d
I tan 1 x x dx tan 1 x x dx dx
dx
x2 1 x2
tan x
1
. dx
2 1 x 2
2
x 2 tan 1 x 1 x2
dx
2 2 1 x2
x 2 tan 1 x 1 x 2 1 1
dx
2 2 1 x 1 x2
2
x 2 tan 1 x 1 1
1 dx
2 2 1 x2
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x 2 tan 1 x 1
x tan 1 x C
2 2
x2 x 1
tan 1 x tan 1 x C
2 2 2
Question 9:
x cos 1 x
Solution 9:
Let I x cos 1 xdx
Taking cos-1 x as first function and x as second function and integrating by parts,
we obtain
d
I cos 1 x xdx cos 1 x xdx dx
dx
x2 1 x 2
cos 1 x . dx
2 1 x2 2
x 2 cos 1 x 1 1 x 2 1
dx
2 2 1 x2
x 2 cos 1 x 1 1
1 x2 dx
2 2 1 x
2
x 2 cos 1 x 1 1 1
1 x 2 dx dx
2 2 2 1 x2
x 2 cos 1 x 1 1
I1 cos 1 x ... 1
2 2 2
Where, I1 1 x2 dx
d
I1 x 1 x 2 1 x 2 xdx
dx
x2
I1 x 1 x 2 dx
1 x2
1 x2 1
I1 x 1 x 2
dx
1 x2
dx
I1 x 1 x 2 1 x 2 dx
1 x2
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I1 x 1 x2 I1 cos1 x
2I1 x 1 x2 cos1 x
x 1
I1 1 x 2 cos 1 x
2 2
Substituting in (1), we obtain
x cos 1 x 1 x 1 1
I 1 x 2 cos 1 x cos 1 x
2 2 2 2 2

2x 2
1
cos 1 x
x
1 x2 C
4 4
Question 10:
sin x
1 2
Solution 10:
Let I sin 1 x .1dx
2
Taking (sin-1 x)2 as first function and 1 as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
d
I sin 1 x . 1dx sin 1 x . 1.dx dx
2
dx
2sin 1 x
sin 1 x .x
2
.xdx
1 x2
2 x
x sin 1 x sin 1 x.
2
dx
1 x
2
2 x d 2 x
x sin 1 x sin 1 x dx sin 1 x
2
dx dx
1 x2 dx 1 x 2

x sin 1 x sin 1 x.2 1 x 2
2 1
.2 1 x 2 dx
1 x2
x sin 1 x 2 1 x2 sin 1 x 2dx
2
x sin 1 x 2 1 x2 sin 1 x 2 x C
2
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Question 11:
x cos 1 x
1 x2
Solution 11:
x cos 1 x
Let I dx
1 x2
1 2 x
2
I .cos 1 xdx
1 x 2
2 x
Taking cos-1 x as first function and as second function and integrating by parts, we
1 x
2
obtain
1 1 2 x d 2 x
I cos x dx cos 1 x dx dx
2 1 x2 dx 1 x 2
1 1 1
cos x.2 1 x .2 1 x 2 dx
2
2 1 x2
1
2 1 x 2 cos 1 x 2dx
2
1
2 1 x 2 cos 1 x 2 x C
2
1 x 2 cos 1 x x C

Question 12:
x sec 2 x
Solution 12:
Let I x sec2 xdx
Taking x as first function and sec2 x as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
d
I x sec2 xdx x sec2 xdx dx
dx
x tan x 1.tan xdx
x tan x log cos x C
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Question 13:
tan 1 x
Solution 13:
1
Let I 1.tan xdx
Taking tan-1 x as first function and 1 as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
d
I tan 1 x 1dx tan 1 x 1.dx dx
dx
1
tan 1 x.x .xdx
1 x2
1 2x
x tan 1 x dx
2 1 x2
1
x tan 1 x log 1 x 2 C
2
x tan 1 x log 1 x 2 C
1
2
Question 14:
x log x dx
2
Solution 14:
I x log x dx
2
Taking (log x)2 as first function and 1 as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
d
2

I log xdx log x xdx dx
2
dx
x2 1 x2
log x 2 log x. . dx
2
2 x 2
x2
log x x log xdx
2
2
x2 d
I log x log x xdx log x xdx dx
2
2 dx
x2 x2 1 x2
log x log x . dx
2
2 2 x 2
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x2 x2 1
log x xdx
2
log x
2 2 2
x2 x2 x2
log x log x C
2
2 2 4
Question 15:
x 2
1 log x
Solution 15:
Let I x 2 1 log xdx x 2 log xdx log xdx
Let I = I1 + I2 (1)
Where, I1 x 2 log xdx and I2 log xdx
I1 x 2 log xdx
Taking log x as first function and x2 as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
d
I1 log x x 2 dx log x x 2 dx dx
dx
x3 1 x3
log x. . dx
3 x 3
x3
log x
3
1
3
x dx
2
x3 x3
log x C1 ... 2
3 9
I2 log xdx
Taking log x as first function and 1 as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
d
I 2 log x 1.dx log x 1.dx
dx
1
log x.x .xdx
x
x log x 1dx
x log x x C2 ... 3
x3 x3
I log x C1 x log x x C2
3 9
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
x3 x3
log x x log x x C1 C2
3 9
x 3
x3
x log x x C
3 9
Question 16:
e x sin x cos x
Solution 16:
Let I e x sin x cos x dx
Let f (x) = sin x
f ' x cos x
I e x f x f ' x dx
It is known that, e x f x f ' x dx e x f x C
I e x sin x C
Question 17:
xe x
1 x
2
Solution 17:
xe x x
x
Let I dx 1 x 2 dx
e
1 x
2

1 x 1
ex 2
dx
1 x
1 1
ex 2
dx
1 x 1 x
1 1
Let f x f ' x
1 x 1 x
2
xe x
dx e x f x f ' x dx
1 x
2
Top tutor.
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It is known that, e x f x f ' x dx e x f x C

xe x ex
dx C
1 x 1 x
2
Question 18:
1 sin x
ex
1 cos x
Solution 18:
1 sin x
ex
1 cos x
2x x x x
sin cos 2 2sin cos
ex 2 2 2 2
x
2 cos 2
2
2
x x
e x sin cos

2 2
x
2 cos 2
2
2
x x
sin cos
1 2 2
ex .
2 x
cos
2
2
1 x
e x tan 1
2 2
2
1 x
e x 1 tan
2 2
1 x x x
e 1 tan 2 2 tan
2 2 2
1 x 2 x x
e sec 2 tan
2 2 2
e x 1 sin x dx 1 x x
e x sec 2 tan ... 1
1 cos x 2 2 2
x 1 x
Let tan f x so f ' x sec 2
2 2 2
Top tutor.
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It is known that, ex f x f ' x dx e x f x C

e x 1 sin x x
1 cos x dx e x tan
2
C
Question 19:
1 1
ex 2
x x
Solution 19:
1 1
Let I e x 2 dx
x x
1 1
Also, let f x f ' x
x x2
ex
I C
x
Question 20:
x 3 e x
x 1
3
Solution 20:

x x3

x x 1 2
x 13 x 13 dx
e dx e

1 2
ex 3
dx
x 1 x 1
2
1 2
Let f x f ' x
x 1 x 1
2 3
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
x 3 ex
ex dx C
x 1 x 1
2 2
Question 21:
e 2 x sin x
Solution 21:
... 1
2x
Let I e sin xdx
Integrating by parts, we obtain
d
I sin x e2 x dx sin x e2 x dx dx
dx
e2 x e2 x
I sin x. cos x. dx
2 2
e2 x sin x 1 2 x
I e cos xdx
2 2
e 2 x sin x 1 d
I cos x e 2 x dx cos x e 2 x dx dx
2 2 dx
e 2 x sin x 1 e2 x e2 x
I cos x. sin x dx
2 2 2 2
e 2 x sin x 1 e 2 x cos x 1 2 x
I e sin xdx
2 2 2 2
e2 x sin x e2 x cos x 1
I I From 1
2 4 4
2x 2x
1 e sin x e cos x
I I
4 2 4
2x 2x
5 e sin x e cos x
I
4 2 4
4 e sin x e cos x
2x 2x
I C
5 2 4
e2 x
I 2sin x cos x C
5
Top tutor.
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Question 22:
2x
sin 1 2
1 x
Solution 22:
Let x tan dx sec2 d
2x 2 tan
sin 1 sin 1 sin sin 2 2
1
2
1 x 1 tan
2
2x
sin dx 2 .sec 2 d 2 .sec 2 d
1
2
1 x
d
2 . sec 2 d sec 2 d d
d
2 .tan tan d

2 tan log cos C
1
2 x tan 1 x log C
1 x 2
1
2 x tan x 2 log 1 x
1

2 2
C
1
2 x tan 1 x 2 log 1 x 2 C
2
2 x tan 1 x log 1 x 2 C
Question 23:
x e
2 x3
dx equals
1 x3 1 x2
A e C B e C
3 3
1 x3 1 x2
C e C D e C
2 3
Solution 23:
Let I x 2 e x dx
3
Also, let x 3 = t so 3x 2 dx dt
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 t
3
I e dt

3
e C
1 t
1 3
ex C
3
Question 24:
e
x
sec x 1 tan x dx equals
A e x cos x C B e x sec x C
C e x sin x C D e x tan x C
Solution 24:
e
x
sec x 1 tan x dx
Let I e x sec x 1 tan x dx e x sec x sec x tan x dx

Also, let sec x f x sec x tan x f ' x
I e x sec x C
Top tutor.
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EXERCISE- 7.7
Question 1:
4 x2
Solution 1:
Let I 4 x 2 dx 2 x
2 2
dx
x 2 a2 x
It is known that, a 2 x 2 dx a x2 sin 1 C
2 2 a
x 4 x
I 4 x 2 sin 1 C
2 2 2
x x
4 x 2 2sin 1 C
2 2
Question 2:
1 4x 2
Solution 2:
Let I 1 4 x 2 dx 1 2 x
2 2
dx
Let 2x t 2dx dt
1
I 1 t
2 2
2
x 2 a2 x
2 2 a
1t 1
I 1 t 2 sin 1 t C
2 2 2
t 1
1 t 2 sin 1 t C
4 4
2x 1
1 4 x 2 sin 1 2 x C
4 4
x 1
1 4 x 2 sin 1 2 x C
2 4
Top tutor.
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Question 3:
x2 4 x 6
Solution 3:
Let I x2 4 x 6dx
x 2 4 x 4 2dx
x 2
4 x 4 2dx
x 2 2 dx
2

2
x 2 a2
It is known that, x 2 a 2 dx x a2 log x x 2 a 2 C
2 2
I
x 2 2
x 2 4 x 6 log x 2 x 2 4 x 6 C
2 2

x 2 x 2 4 x 6 log x 2 x 2 4 x 6 C
2
Question 4:
x2 4x 1
Solution 4:
Let I x2 4 x 1dx
x 2
4 x 4 3dx
x 2 3 dx
2

2
2
x 2 2 a
It is known that, x a dx
2 2
x a log x x 2 a 2 C
2 2
I
x 2 3
x 2 4 x 1 log x 2 x 2 4 x 1 C
2 2
Top tutor.
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Question 5:
1 4x x 2
Solution 5:
Let I 1 4 x x 2 dx
1 x 2 4 x 4 4 dx
1 4 x 2 dx
2
5 x 2 dx
2

2
x 2 a2 x
2 2 a
I
x 2 5 x2
1 4 x x 2 sin 1 C
2 2 5
Question 6:
x2 4x 5
Solution 6:
Let I x2 4 x 5dx
x 2
4 x 4 9dx
x 2 3
2 2
dx
x 2 a2
It is known that, x 2 a 2 dx
2
x a 2 log x x 2 a 2 C
2
I
x 2 9
x 2 4 x 5 log x 2 x 2 4 x 5 C
2 2
Question 7:
1 3x x 2
Solution 7:
Let I 1 3x x2 dx
Top tutor.
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9 9
1 x 2 3x dx
4 4
2
9 3
1 x dx
4 2
2
13 3
2
x dx
2 2
x 2 a2 x
a 2 x 2 dx sin 1 C
2
It is known that, a x
2 2 a
3 3
x x
2 1 3x x 2 13 2 C
I sin 1
2 4 2 13

2
2x 3 13 2x 3
1 3x x 2 sin 1 C
4 8 13
Question 8:
x 2 3x
Solution 8:
Let I x2 3x dx
9 9
x 2 3x dx
4 4
2 2
3 3
x dx
4 2
x 2 a2
It is known that, x 2 a 2 dx x a 2 log x x 2 a 2 C
2 2
3 9
x
2 2 3
I x 3x 4 log x x 2 3x C
2 2 2
2 x 3 2 9 3
x 3x log x x 2 3x C
4 8 2
Top tutor.
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Question 9:
x2
1
9
Solution 9:
x2 1 1
Let I 1 dx 9 x 2 dx 3 x 2 dx
2
9 3 3
x 2 a2
It is known that, x a dx
2 2
x a log x x 2 a 2 C
2
2 2
1x 2 9
I x 9 log x x 2 9 C
3 2 2
x 3
x 2 9 log x x 2 9 C
6 2
Question 10:
1 x2 is equal to
x 1
A. 1 x 2 log x 1 x 2 C
2 2
2
B. 1 x C
2 2 3
3
2
C. x 1 x 2 3 C
2
3
x3 1
D. 1 x 2 x 2 log x 1 x 2 C
2 2
Solution 10:
x 2 a2
It is known that, a 2 x 2 dx a x2 log x x 2 a 2 C
2 2
x 1
1 x 2 dx 1 x 2 log x 1 x 2 C
2 2
Top tutor.
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Question 11:
x2 8x 7dx is equal to
1
A. x 4 x 2 8 x 7 9log x 4 x 2 8 x 7 C
2
1
B. x 4 x 2 8 x 7 9log x 4 x 2 8 x 7 C
2
1
C. x 4 x 2 8 x 7 3 2 log x 4 x 2 8 x 7 C
2
1 9
D. x 4 x 2 8 x 7 log x 4 x 2 8 x 7 C
2 2
Solution 11:
Let I x2 8x 7dx
x 2
8 x 16 9dx
x 4 3
2 2
dx
x 2 a2
It is known that, x 2 a 2 dx x a 2 log x x 2 a 2 C
2 2
x 4 9
I x 2 8 x 7 log x 4 x 2 8 x 7 C
2 2
Top tutor.
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EXERCISE- 7.8
Question 1:
b
a
xdx
Solution 1:
It is known that,
f x dx b a lim n f a f a h ... f a n 1 h where h = n

b 1 b-a
a n
Here, a a, b b, and f x x
1
xdx b a lim a a h ... a 2h ...a n 1 h
b
a n n
n n
ntimes
b a lim a a a ... a h 2h 3h ... n 1 h
1

b a lim na h 1 2 3 ... n 1
1
n n
1 n 1 n
b a lim na h
n n
2
1 n n 1 h
b a lim na
n n
2
n
b a lim a
n 1 h
n n

2

b a lim a
n 1 h
n

2

b a lim a
n 1 b a
n

2n
1
1 b a
b a lim a
n

n
2

b a a
b a

2
2a b a
b a
2
Top tutor.
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b a b a
2
b a2
1 2
2
Question 2:
x 1 dx
b
Solution 2:
x 1 dx
b
Let I =
0
It is known that,
f x dx b a lim n f a f a h ... f a n 1 h , where h = n

b 1 b-a
a n
Here, a 0, b 5, and f x x 1
50 5
h
n n
1 5 5
x 1dx 5 0 lim f 0 f ... f n 1
5
0 n n
n n
1 5 5 n 1
5 lim 1 1 ... 1
n n
n n
1
5
5 5 5
5lim 1 1 1...1 2. 3. ... n 1
n n
n times
n n n n
1
5 lim n 1 2 3... n 1
5
n n
n
1 5 n 1 n
5 lim n .
n n
n 2
1 5 n 1
5 lim n
n n
2
1 5 1
5lim 1 1
n n
2 n
5
5 1
2
Top tutor.
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7
5
2
35

2
Question 3:
3
2
x 2 dx
Solution 3:
It is known that,
1 b-a
f x dx b a lim n f a f a h f a 2h ... f {a n 1 h} , where h = n
b
a n
Here, a 2, b 3, and f x x 2
3 2 1
h
n n
1 1 2 1
x 2 dx 3 2 lim f 2 2 n 1
3
f 2 f 2 ... f
2 n n
n n n
1 2 n 1
2

2 2
1 2
lim 2 2 2 ... 2
n n
n n n
1 2 2 1 1 2 n 1 n 1
2 2
lim 2 2 2.2. ... 2

2.2.
n n
n n n2 n

1 2

1 2 2 2 n 1 1 2 3 n 1
2
lim 2 ... 2 ...

2
2.2. ...
n n
n times
n n n n n n n
1
n n
n
2 4
n

lim 4n 2 12 22 32... n 1 1 2 ... n 1
1

1 1 n n 1 2n 1 4 n n 1
lim 4n 2
n n
n 6 n 2
1 1
n 1 2
n 4n 4
lim 4n
1 n

n n
6 2

Top tutor.
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1 1 1 2
lim 4 1 2 2
n
6 n n n
2
4 2
6
19

3
Question 4:
x x dx
4
2
1
Solution 4:

4
Let I x 2 x dx
1
4 4
x 2 dx xdx
1 1
... 1
4 4
Let I I1 I 2 , where I1 x 2 dx and I 2 xdx
1 1
It is known that,
f x dx b a lim n f a f a h f a n 1 h , where h = n
b 1 b-a
a n
4
For, I1 x 2 dx,
1
a= 1, b = 4, and f (x) = x2
4 1 3
h
n n
I1 x 2 dx 4 1 lim f 1 f 1 h ... f 1 n 1 h
4 1
1 n n
1 n 1 3
2 2 2
3 3
3lim 12 1 1 2. ... 1
n n
n n n
1 2
n 1 3 2. n 1 .3
2 2
3 3
3lim 1 1 2. ... 1
2 2

n n

n n n 2

1 2

2
3 2
3lim 1 ... 1 1 22 ... n 1 2. 1 2 ... n 1
2 2 3
n n
ntimes
n n
Top tutor.
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1 9 n 1 n 2n 1 6 n 1 n
3lim n 2
n n
n 6 n 2
1 9n 1 1 6n 6
3lim n 1 2
n n
6 n n 2
9 1 1 3
3lim 1 1 2 3
n
6 n n n
3 1 3 3
37
I1 21 ... 2
4
For I 2 xdx,
1
a 1, b 4, and f x x
4 1 3
h
n n
f 1 f 1 h ... f a n 1 h
1
I 2 4 1 lim
n n
1 1 h ... 1 n 1 h
1
3lim
n n
1 3 3
3lim 1 1 ... 1 n 1
n n
n n
1
n n

n times
3
n
3lim 1 1 ... 1 1 2 ... n 1

1 3 n 1 n
3lim n
n n
n 2
1 3 1
3lim 1 1
n n
2 n
3
3 1
2
5
3
2
15
I2 ... 3
2
From equations (2) and (3), we obtain
15 27
I I1 I 2 21
2 2
Top tutor.
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Question 5:
1
1
e x dx
Solution 5:
... 1
1
Let I e x dx
1
It is known that,

b 1 b-a
a n
Here, a 1, b 1, and f x e x
11 2
h
n n
1 2 2
I 1 1 lim f 1 f 1 f 1 2. ... f 1
n 1 2

n n
n n n
1 1 1 n 1 2. n 1 n 1
2 2 2
2 lim e e e ...e n

n n

1 n 1
2 4 6 2
2 lim e1 1 e n e n e n e n
n n

2 n 1
e1 e n
2 lim
n n 2 1
e n
1 1 e 2 1
e 2 lim
n n 2
1
en
e 1 2 e 2 1

2 1
en
lim 2
2 2
n
0

n
2 e2 1 eh 1
e1 lim 1
2 h 0
h
Top tutor.
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e2 1

e
1
e
e
Question 6:
x e dx
4
2x
0
Solution 6:
It is known that,

b 1 b-a
a n
Here, a 0, b 4, and f x x e 2 x
40 4
h
n n
x e2 x dx 4 0 lim f 0 f h f 2h ... f n 1 h
4 1
0 n n
1
n n

4 lim 0 e0 h e2 h 2h e2.2 h ... n 1 h e
2 n 1 h

1
n n

4 lim 1 h e 2 h 2h e 4 h ... n 1 h e
2 n 1 h

1
n n

4 lim h 2h 3h ... n 1 h 1 e 2 h e 4 h ... e
2 n 1 h

1 e2 hn 1
4 lim h 1 2 ... n 1 2 h
n n
e 1
1 h n 1 n e 2 hn 1
4 lim 2h
n n
2 e 1

1 4 n 1 n e8 1
4 lim . 8
n n n 2 n
e 1
4 2 4 lim
e8
1
n 8
e n 1
8 8

n
Top tutor.
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4. e8 1 ex 1
8 x 0
lim 1
8 x
e8 1
8
2
15 e8

2
EXERCISE- 7.9
Question 1:
x 1 dx
1
Solution 1:
x 1 dx
1
Let I
1
x2
x 1 dx
2
x F x
By second fundamental theorem of calculus, we obtain

I F 1 F 1
1 1
1 1
2 2
1 1
1 1
2 2
2
Question 2:
3 1
2 x
dx
Solution 2:
3 1
Let I dx
2 x
1
x dx log x F x
Top tutor.
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I F 3 F 2
3
log 3 log 2 log
2
Question 3:
4x 5 x 2 6 x 9 dx
2
3
1
Solution 3:

2
Let I 4 x3 5 x 2 6 x 9 dx
1
x 4 x3 x 2
5 6 9 x
3 2
4 x 5 x 6 x 9 dx 4
4 3 2
5 x3
x4 3x 2 9 x F x
3
I = F (2) F (1)
4 5. 2 3 4 5 13
I 2 3 2 9 2 1 3 1 9 1
2 2
3 3
40 5
16 12 18 1 3 9
3 3
40 5
16 12 18 1 3 9
3 3
35
33
3
99 35
3
64
Question 4:
x
0
4
sin 2 xdx
Solution 4:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
x
Let I 4 sin 2 xdx
0
cos 2 x
sin 2 xdx F x
2

I F F 0
4
1
cos 2 cos 0
2 4
1
cos cos 0
2 2
1
0 1
2
1

2
Question 5:

0
2
cos 2xdx
Solution 5:

Let I 2 cos 2 xdx
0
sin 2 x
cos 2 xdx F x
2

I F F 0
2
1
sin 2 sin 0
2 2
1
sin sin 0
2
1
0 0 0
2
Top tutor.
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Question 6:
5
4
e x dx
Solution 6:
5
Let I e x dx
4
e dx e
x x
F x
I = F (5) F (4)
e5 e 4
e 4 e 1
Question 7:

0
4
tan xdx
Solution 7:

Let I 4 tan xdx
0
tan xdx log cos x F x


I F F 0
4

log cos log cos 0
4
1
log log 1
2
1
log 2

2
1
log 2
2
Question 8:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
cos ecxdx
4
Solution 8:

Let I 4 cos ecxdx
6
cos ecxdx log cos ecx cot x F x


I F F
4 6

log cos ec cot log cos ec cot
4 4 6 6
log 2 1 log 2 3
2 1
log
2 3
Question 9:
1 dx
0
1 x2
Solution 9:
1 dx
Let I
0
1 x2
dx
sin 1 x F x
1 x 2

I = F (1) F (0)
sin 1 1 sin 1 0

0
2

2
Top tutor.
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Question 10:
1 dx
1 x
0 2
Solution 10:
1 dx
Let I
0 1 x2
dx
1 x 2
tan 1 F x

I = F (1) F (0)
tan 1 1 tan 1 0

4
Question 11:
3 dx
2 x 12
Solution 11:
dx 3
Let I
2 x 1 2
dx 1 x 1
x 2 1 2 log x 1 F x
I =F (3) -F (2)
1 3 1 2 1
log log
2 3 1 2 1
1 2 1
log log
2 4 3
1 1 1
log log
2 2 3
1 3
log
2 2
Top tutor.
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Question 12:

0
2
cos 2 xdx
Solution 12:

Let I 2 cos 2 xdx
0
1 cos 2 x x sin 2 x 1 sin 2 x

cosxdx dx x F x
2
2 2 4 2 2

I F F 0
2
1 sin sin 0
0
2 2 2 2
1
0 0 0
22

4
Question 13:
3 xdx
2 x2 1
Solution 13:
x 3
Let I dx
2 x 1 2
x 2 1 dx 2 x 2 1 dx 2 log 1 x F x
x 1 2x 1 2

I = F (3) F (2)
1

log 1 3 log 1 2
2
2
2

1
log 10 log 5
2
1 10 1
log log 2
2 5 2
Top tutor.
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Question 14:
2x 3
1
0 5x2 1
dx
Solution 14:
1 2x 3
Let I dx
0 5x2 1
2x 3 1 5 2 x 3
5x2
1
dx
5 5x2 1
dx
1 10 x 15
dx
5 5x2 1
1 10 x 1
2 dx 3 2 dx
5 5x 1 5x 1
1 10 x 1
2 dx 3 dx
5 5x 1 2 1
5 x
5
log 5 x 2 1 .
1 3 1 x
tan 1
5 5 1 1
5 5
log 5 x 2 1
1
5
3
5

tan 1 5 x
F x
I = F (1) F (0)
1
log 5 1
5
3
5
tan 1 5 15 log 5 1 3
5

tan 1 0

1 3
log 6 tan 1 5
5 5
Question 15:
1

2
xe x dx
0
Solution 15:
1
Let I xe x dx
2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Put x 2 t 2 xdx dt
As x 0, t 0 and as x 1, t 1,
1 1 t
2 0
I e dt
1 t 1
e dt et F t
2 2
I = F (1) F (0)
1 1
e e0
2 2
1
e 1
2
Question 16:
1 5x2
0 x2 4 x 3
Solution 16:
5x2
2
Let I dx
1 x2 4 x 3
Dividing 5x 2 by x 2 4 x 3 , we obtain
20 x 15
2
I 5 2 dx
1 x 4 x 3
20 x 15
2 2
5dx 2 dx
1 1
x 4 x 3
20 x 15
2
5 x 1
2
dx
1
x2 4 x 3
20 x 15
2
I 5 I1 , where I dx ... 1
1
x2 4 x 3
20 x 15
2
Consider I1 dx
1 x 4x 8
2
Let 20 x 15 A x 2 4 x 3 B
d
dx
2 Ax 4 A B
A = 10 and B = 25
Let x 2 4 x 3 = t
Top tutor.
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2 x 4 dx dt
dt dx
I1 10 25
x 2 12
2
t
1 x 2 1
10log t 25 log
2 x 2 1
2
1 x 1
10log x 4 x 3 25 log
2
2

1
2 x 3 1
1 3 1 2
10 log15 10 log 8 25 log log
2 5 2 4
25
10log 5 3 10log 4 2 log 3 log 5 log 2 log 4
2
25
10log 5 10log 3 10log 4 10log 2 log 3 log 5 log 2 log 4
2
25 25 25 25
10 log 5 10 log 4 10 log 3 10 log2
2 2 2 2
45 45 5 5
log 5 log 4 log 3 log 2
2 2 2 2
45 5 5 3
log log
2 4 2 2
Substituting the value of I1 in (1), we obtain
45 5 5 3
I 5 log log
2 4 2 2
5 5 3
5 9 log log
2 4 2
Question 17:

2sec x x3 2 dx
4 2
0
Solution 17:

Let I 4 2sec 2 x x3 2 dx
0
x4
2sec x x 2 dx 2 tan x 4 2 x F x
2 3

I F F 0
4
Top tutor.
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1
2

2 tan 2 2 tan 0 0 0
4 4 4 4

4
2 tan 5

4 4 2
4
2
2 1024
Question 18:
2x 2 x
0 sin cos dx
2 2
Solution 18:
x x
Let I sin 2 cos 2 dx
0
2 2
x x
cos 2 sin 2 dx
0
2 2

cos xdx
0
cos xdx sin x F x

I F F 0
sin sin 0
0
Question 19:
2 6x 3
0 x2 4
dx
Solution 19:
6x 3 2
Let I dx
x2 4 0
6x 3 2x 1
x 2 4 dx 3 x 2 4dx
2x 1
3 2 dx 3 2 dx
x 4 x 4
3log x 2 4 tan 1 F 2
3 x
2 2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________

I F 2 F 0
2 0
3log 22 4 tan 1 3log 0 4 tan 1
3 3
2 2 2 2
3 3
3log 8 tan 1 3log 4 tan 1 0
2 2
3
3log 8 3log 4 0
2 4
8 3
3log
4 8
3
3log 2
8
Question 20:
1 x
xe sin
x
dx
0 4
Solution 20:
1 x
Let I xe x sin dx
0
4
x
cos
1 x x d
0 xe sin 4 dx x e dx dx x e dx dx 4
x x

4
4 x
xe x e x dx cos
4
4 x
xe x e x cos
4
F x
I = F (1) F (0)
4 4
1.e1 e1 cos 0.e0 e0 cos 0
4
4 1 4
ee 1
2
4 2 2
1

Top tutor.
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Question 21:
3 dx

1 1 x2

A.
3
2
B.
3

C.
6

D. equals
12
Solution 21:
dx
1 x 2
tan 1 x F x

3 dx
1 1 x 2 F 3 F 1
tan 1 3 tan 1 1

3 4

12
Question 22:
2
dx
0
3
4 9x2

A.
6

B.
12

C.
24

D. equals
4
Solution 22:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
dx dx
4 9x 2

2 3x
2 2
Put 3x=t 3dx=dt

dx 1 dt

2 3x 3 2 t 2
2 2 2
1 1 t
tan 1
3 2 2
1 3x
tan 1
6 2
F x
2 dx 2
3 4 9 x 2 F 3 F (0)
0
1 3 2 1
tan 1 . tan 1 0
6 2 3 6
1
tan 1 1 0
6
1

6 4

24
EXERCISE- 7.10
Question 1:
1 x

0 x 1
2
dx
Solution 1:
x
1

0x 1
dx
2
Let x 2 1 t 2 xdx dt
When x = 0, t = 1 and when x = 1, t = 2
1 x 1 2 dt
2 dx
0 x 1 2 1 t
Top tutor.
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1 2
log t 1
2
1
log 2 log1
2
1
log 2
2
Question 2:

0
2
sin cos5 d
Solution 2:

Let I 2
sin cos d 2 sin cos 4 d
5
0 0
Also, let sin t cos d dt

When 0, t 0 and when ,t 1
2
t 1 t 2 dt
1
I
0
1
t 1 t 4 2t 2 dt
1
2
0
12 92
1
5

t t 2t 2 dt

0
1
3 11 7
t 2 t 2 2t 2

3 11 7

2 2 2 0
2 2 4

3 11 7
154 42 132

231
64

231
Question 3:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 2x
sin
1
2
dx
0
1 x
Solution 3:
1 2x
Let I sin 1 2
dx
0
1 x
Also, let x = tan dx = sec2 d

When x = 0, = 0 and when x = 1,
4

2 tan 2
I 4 sin 1 sec d
1 tan
0 2

4 sin 1 sin 2 sec2 d
0

4 2 .sec2 d
0

2 4 .sec2 d
0
Taking as first function and sec2 as second function and integrating by parts,
we obtain

d 4
I 2 sec2 d sec2 d d
dx 0

2 tan tan d 4
0

2 tan log cos 04

2 tan log cos log cos 0
4 4 4
1
2 log log1
4 2
1
2 log 2
4 2

log 2
2
Top tutor.
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Question 4:
x x 2 Put x+2=t 2
2
0
Solution 4:
2
0
x x 2 dx
Let x + 2 = t2 dx = 2tdt
When x = 0, t 2 and when x = 2, t = 2
t 2 t 2 2dt
2 2
x x 2dx 2
0 2
t 2 t 2 dt
2
2 2
2
2 t 2t 2 dt
2
2
2
2
t 5 2t 3
2
5 3 2
32 16 4 2 4 2
2
5 3 5 3
96 80 12 2 20 2
2
15
16 8 2
2
15

16 2 2
15

16 2 2 1
15
Question 5:

sin x
0
2
1 cos 2 x
dx
Solution 5:

sin x
0
2
1 cos 2 x
dx
Let cos x = t sinx dx = dt
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________

When x = 0, t = 1 and when x ,t 0
2

sin x 0 dt
2 dx
0 1 cos x
2 1 1 t2
0
tan 1 t
1
tan 0 tan 1 1
1

4

4
Question 6:
2 dx
0 x 4 x2
Solution 6:
2 dx 2 dx
0 x4 x 2
0
x x 4
2
2 dx

0 1 1
x2 x 4
4 4
2 dx

0 1 17
2
x
2 4
2 dx
2
17
0
1
2
x
2 2
1
Let x- t so dx=dt
2
1 3
when x=0, t=- and when x=2, t=
2 2
3
2 dx dt
2
21 2
0
17 1
2
2 17
x t
2
2 2 2
Top tutor.
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3
2
17
t

1 2
log
17 17
2 t
2 2 1
2
17 3 17 1

1
log
log 2 2 2 2
17 17 3 17 1
log
2 2 2 2
1 17 3 17 1
log log
17 17 3 17 1
1 17 3 17 1
log
17 17 3 17 1
1 17 3 4 17
log
17 17 3 4 17
1 20 4 17
log
17 20 4 17
1 5 17
log
17 5 17

1
log

5 17 5 17

17 25 17

1 25 17 10 17
log
17 8
1 42 10 17
log
17 8
1 21 5 17
log
17 4
Top tutor.
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Question 7:
1 dx
1 x 2x 5
2
Solution 7:
1 dx 1 dx 1 dx
1 x 2 x 5
2

1 2

x 2 x 1 4 1 x 12 22
Let x + 1 = t dx = dt
1 dx 2 dt
1 x 12 2 2 0 t 2 22
2
1 t
tan 1
2 2 0
1 1
tan 1 1 tan 1 0
2 2
1

2 4 8
Question 8:
2 1 1 2x
1 2 e dx
x 2x
Solution 8:
12 1

1 2 e 2 x dx
x 2x
Let 2x = t 2dx = dt
2 1 1 1 1 2 2
2 e 2 x dx 2 et dt
1
x 2x 2 2 t t
1 1 1
2 e x dt

2 t t
1
Let f t
t
1
Then,f ' t
t2
Top tutor.
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1 1 1
2 e x dt et f t f ' t dt
1

2 t t 2
et f t
4
2
4
2
et .
t 2
4
et

t 2
e4 e2

4 2
e2 e2 2

4
Question 9:
1
1 x x 3 3
The value of the integral

1
3 x4
dx is
A. 6
B. 0
C. 3
D. 4
Solution 9:
1
1x x
3 3
Let I 1 dx
3 x4
Also, let x = sin dx = cos d
1 1
When x , sin 1 and when x=1, =
3 3 2
1

(sin sin ) 3 3
I 2 1 1 cos d
sin
3
sin 4
1
sin 3 1 sin 2 3
1

2 1 1 cos d
sin
3
sin 4
Top tutor.
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1 2

2 1 1
sin 3 cos 3 cos d
sin
3
sin 4
1 2

2 1 1
sin 3 cos 3 cos d
sin
3
sin 2 sin 2
5

2 1 1
cos 3 cos ec2 d
5
sin 3
sin
3
5
2 1 1 cot 3 cos ec 2 d
sin
3
Let cot = t cosec2 d= dt

1
When sin 1 , t 2 2 and when = , t 0
3 2
5
t 3 dt
0
I
2 2
0
3 8
t 3
8 2 2
0
3

8
2 2 3
8 2 2
3

8
8 3
8
3 4

8 3
8
3
16
8
3 2
6
Question 10:
If f x t sin tdt , then f ' x is
x
A. cos x + x sin x
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
B. x sin x
C. x cos x
D. sin x + x cos x
Solution 10:
f x t sin tdt
x

x d
f x t sin tdt t sin tdt dt
x
0 0
dt
t cos t 0 cot t dt
x x
t cos t sin t 0
x
x cos x sin x
f ' x x sin x cos x cos x
x sin x cos x cos x
x sin x
EXERCISE- 7.11
Question 1:

0
2
cos 2 xdx
Solution 1:

I 2 cos 2 xdx ... 1
0

f x dx f a x dx
0 0
I 2 cos2 x dx
0
2 0 0

I 2 sin 2 xdx ... 2
0
Adding (1) and (2), we obtain

2 I 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x dx
0

2 I 2 1.dx
0

2 I x 02
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________

2I
2

I
4
Question 2:

sin x
0
2
sin x cos x
dx
Solution 2:

sin x
0
2
sin x cos x
dx

sin x
Let I 2 dx ... 1
0
sin x cos x

sin x

2
f x dx f a x dx
a a
I 2 dx
0
0 0
sin x cos x
2 2

cos
I 2 dx ... 2
0
cos sin x

sin x cos x
2I 2 dx
0
sin x cos x

2 I 2 1.dx
0

2 I x 02

2I
2

I
4
Question 3:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
3

sin 2 xdx
0
2
3 3
dx
sin x cos x
2 2
Solution 3:
3
2
sin xdx
Let I 2 3 3
dx ... 1
0
sin x cos x
2 2

3
sin 2 x

I 2 2 dx
a
f x dx f a x dx
a
0 3

3
0 0
sin 2 x cos 2 x
2 2
3

cos 2 x
I 2 3 3
dx ... 2
0
sin x cos x 2 2

3 3

sin cos x 2 2
2I 2 3 3
dx
0
sin x cos x
2 2

2 I 2 1.dx
0

2I x 02

2I
2

I
4
Question 4:

cos5 xdx
0
2
sin 5 x cos5 x
dx
Solution 4:

cos5 xdx
Let I 2 dx ... 1
0 sin 5 x cos5 x
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________

cos5 x

I 2 2 dx
a
f x dx f a x dx
a
0 5 0 0
sin x cos x
5
2 2

sin 5 x
I 2 dx ... 2
0 sin 5 x cos5 x

sin 5 x cos5 x
2I 2 dx
0 sin 5 x cos5 x

2 I 2 1.dx
0

2I x 02

2I
2

I
4
Question 5:
5
5
x 2 dx
Solution 5:
5
Let I x 2 dx
5
It can be seen that (x + 2) 0 on [5, 2] and (x + 2) 0 on [2, 5].

2
x 2 dx
5
5
2
x 2 dx a
b
f x f x f x
c
a
b
c
2 5
x2 x2
I 2x 2x
2 5 2 2
2 2 5
2
5 2 2
2

2 2 2 5 2 5 2 2
2 2 2 2
25 25
2 4 10 10 2 4
2 2
Top tutor.
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25 25
2 4 10 10 2 4
2 2
29
Question 6:
8
2
x 5 dx
Solution 6:
8
Let I x 5 dx
2
It can be seen that (x 5) 0 on [2, 5] and (x 5) 0 on [5, 8].

I x 5 dx x 5 dx
5
2
8
2 a
b
f x f x f x
c
a
b
c
5 8
x2 x2
5x 5x
2 2 2 5
25 25
25 2 10 32 40 25
2 2
9
Question 7:
x 1 x
1 n
dx
0
Solution 7:
Let I x 1 x dx
1 n
0
I 1 x 1 1 x dx
1 n
1 x x dx
1 n
0
x n x n 1 dx
1

1
x n 1 x n 2
f x dx f a x dx
a a

n 1 n 2 0 1 0
1 1

n 1 n 2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________

n 2 n 1
n 1 n 2
1

n 1 n 2
Question 8:

4
log 1 tan x dx
0
Solution 8:

Let I 4 log 1 tan x dx ... 1
0

f x dx f a x dx
a a
I 4 log 1 tan x dx
0
4 0 0

tan tan x
I 4 log 1 4
dx
1 tan tan x
0
4

1 tan x
I 4 log 1 dx
0
1 tan x

2
I 4 log dx
0
1 tan x

I log 2dx 4 log 1 tan x dx
4
0 0

I 4 log 2dx I From 1
0

2 I x log 204

2I log 2
4

I log 2
8
Question 9:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
2
0
x 2 xdx
Solution 9:
2
Let I x 2 xdx
0
I 2 x xdx
2
0
0
a
f x dx f a x dx
a
0
2
1 3
2x 2 x 2 dx

0
2
3 5
x2 x2
2 5
3
2 2 0
2
4 3 2 5
x2 x2
3 5 0
3 5
4 2
2 2 22
3 5
4 2 2 2
4 2
3 5
8 2 8 2

3 5
40 2 24 2

15
16 2

15
Question 10:

2 log sin x log sin 2 x dx

0
2
Solution 10:

Let I 2 2 log sin x log sin 2 x dx
0

I 2 2 log sin x log 2sin x cos x dx
0
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________

I 2 2 log sin x log sin x log cos x log 2dx
0

I 2 log sin x log cos x log 2 dx ... 1
0
It is known that, 0
a
f x dx f a x dx
a
0

I 2 log cos x log sin x log 2 dx ... 2
0

2 I 2 log 2 log 2 dx
0

2 I 2 log 2 2 1.dx
0

I log 2
2

I log 2
2

1
I log
2 2
1
I log
2 2
Question 11:

sin
2 2
xdx
2
Solution 11:

Let I 2 sin 2 xdx
2
As sin (x) = (sin (x))2 = (sin x)2 = sin2 x, therefore, sin2 x is an even function.
2
f x dx 2 f x dx
a a
It is known that if f(x) is an even function, then a 0

I 2 2 sin 2 xdx
0

1 cos 2 x
2 2 dx
0 2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________

2 1 cos 2x dx
0

sin 2 x 2
x
2 0

2
Question 12:
xdx
0 1 sin x
Solution 12:
xdx
Let I ... 1
0 1 sin x
0
x
1 sin x x
dx
0
a
f x dx f a x dx
a
0
I
x dx
... 2
1 sin x 0

2I dx
0 1 sin x
2I
1 sin x dx

0 1 sin x 1 sin x

1 sin x
2I dx
0 cos 2 x
2 I sec2 x tan x sec xdx

2 I 2
I
Question 13:

sin
2 7
xdx

2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Solution 13:

Let I 2 sin 7 xdx ... 1

2
As sin7 (x) = (sin (x))7 = (sin x)7 = sin7 x, therefore, sin2 x is an odd function.
f x dx 0
a
It is known that, if f(x) is an odd function, then
a

I 2 sin 7 xdx 0

2
Question 14:
2
0
cos5 xdx
Solution 14:
2
Let I cos5 xdx ... 1
0
cos5 2 x cos5 x
It is known that,
f x dx 2 f x dx, if f 2a x f x
2a a
0 0
0 if f 2a x f x
2
I 2 cos5 xdx
0
I 2 0 0 cos5 x cos5 x
Question 15:

sin x cos x
0
2
1 sin x cos x
dx
Solution 15:

sin x cos x
Let I 2 dx ... 1
0 1 sin x cos x
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________

sin x cos x

I 2 2 2 dx a
f x dx f a x dx
a
0 0 0
1 sin x cos x
2 2

cos x sin x
I 2 dx ... 2
0 1 sin x cos x

0
2I 2 dx
0 1 sin x cos x
I 0
Question 16:

log 1 cos x dx
0
Solution 16:

Let I log 1 cos x dx ... 1
0
I log 1 cos x dx
0

0
a
f x dx f a x dx
0
a

I log 1 cos x dx ... 2
0

log 1 cos x log 1 cos x dx

2I
0
2 I log 1 cos 2 x dx

0

2 I log sin 2 xdx
0

2 I 2 log sin xdx
0

I log sin xdx ... 3
0
sin ( x) = sin x

I 2 log sin xdx ... 4
0

I 2 2 log sin x dx 2 2 log cos xdx ... 5
0
2 0
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________

2 I 2 log sin x log cos x dx
0

I 2 log sin x log cos x log 2 log 2 dx
0

I 2 log 2sin x cos x log 2 dx
0

I 2 log sin 2 xdx 2 log 2dx
0 0
Let 2x = t 2dx = dt
When x = 0, t = 0
1 a
I
2 0
log sin tdt log 2
2
1
I log 2
2 2
I
log 2
2 2
I log 2
Question 17:
a x
0
x ax
dx
Solution 17:
x
... 1
a
Let I dx
0
x ax
It is known that, 0
a
f x dx f a x dx
a
0
ax
... 2
a
I dx
0
ax x
a x ax
2I dx
0
x ax
a
2 I 1.dx
0
2 I x 0
a
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
2I a
a
I
2
Question 18:
4
0
x 1 dx
Solution 18:
4
I x 1 dx
0
It can be seen that, (x 1) 0 when 0 x 1 and (x 1) 0 when 1 x 4

1
I x 1 dx x 1 dx
0
4
1 a
b
f x f x f x
c
a
b
c
I x 1 dx x 1 dx
1 4
0 0
1 4
x2 x2
x x
2 0 2 1
1 4
2
1
1 4 1
2 2 2
1 1
1 8 4 1
2 2
5
Question 19:
f x g x dx 2 f x dx , if f and g are defined as f (x) = f (a x) and g (x) + g
a a
Show that
0 0
(a x) = 4
Solution 19:
f x g x dx ... 1
a
Let
0
f a x g a x dx
a
0
0
a
f x dx f a x dx
a
0
f x g a x dx ... 2
a
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
f x g x f x g a x dx
a
2I
0
2 I f x g x g a x dx
a
2 I f x 4dx g x g a x 4
a
I 2 f x dx
a
Question 20:

x x cos x tan 5 x 1 dx is
2 3
The value of

2
A. 0
B. 2
C.
D. 1
Solution 20:

x x cos x tan 5 x 1 dx
2 3
Let

2

I x dx cos xdx tan xdx 2 1.dx
2 3 2 2 5

2 2 2 2
f x dx 2 f x dx
a a
It is known that if f ( x ) is an even function, then a 0
f x dx 0
a
if f ( x ) is an odd function, then
a
and

I 0 0 0 2 2 1.dx
a

2 x 2
0
2

0
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 21:

4 3sin x
The value of 0
2
dx is
4 3cos x
A. 2
3
B.
4
C. 0
D. -2
Solution 21:

4 3sin x
Let I =
0
2
dx
4 3cos x
(1)

4 3sin 2 x

I 2 dx a
f x dx f a x dx
a
0
4 3cos x 0 0

2

4 3cos x
I 2 log dx ... 2
0
4 3sin x

4 3sin x 4 3cos x
2 I 2 log log dx
0
4 3cos x 4 3sin x

4 3sin x 4 3cos x
2I 2 dx
0
4 3cos x 4 3sin x

2 I 2 log1dx
0

2 I 2 0dx
0
I 0
Miscellaneous Exercise
Question 1:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1
x x3
Solution 1:
1 1 1

xx x 1 x x 1 x 1 x
3 2
1 A B C
Let ... 1
x 1 x 1 x x 1 x 1 x
1 A 1 x 2 Bx 1 x Cx 1 x
1 A Ax 2 Bx Bx 2 Cx Cx 2
A + B C = 0
B+C=0
A=1
1 1
A 1, B , and C
2 2
1 1 1 1

x 1 x 1 x x 2 1 x 2 1 x
1 1 1 1 1 1
dx dx dx dx
x 1 x 1 x x 2 1 x 2 1 x
1 1
log x log 1 x log 1 x
2 2
1 1
log x log 1 x 2 log 1 x 2
x
log 1 1
C
1 x 1 x
2 2
1
x2 2
log 2
C
1 x
1 x2
log C
2 1 x2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 2:
1
xa x b
Solution 2:
1 1 xa xb

xa x b xa xb xa xb
xa xb

x a x b

xa xb
a b

xa
1
x b
dx
1
a b

x a x b dx
3 3
1 x a2 x b2

a b 3 3

2 2

2 C
3 3
2
x a
2 x b
3 a b
Question 3:
1 a
Hint: x= t
x ax x 2
Solution 3:
1
x ax x 2
a a
Let x dx 2 dh
t t
1 1 a
dx 2 dt
x ax x 2 a a t
2
a
a.
t t t
1 1
. dt
at 1 1

t t2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 1

a t 2
t2
dt

t t2
1 1
dt
a t 1
1
2 t 1 C
a
1 a
2 1 C
a x
2 ax
C
a x
2 ax
C
a x
Question 4:
1
3
x 2 x 4 1 4
Solution 4:
1
3
x 2 x 4 1 4
Multiplying and dividing by x 3 , we obtain
3
x 3 x 3 x 4 1 4

3
x 2 x 3
x .x2 3
x 4
1 4

x4 1 4
3
x5 . x 4

4
3

1 x4 1 4
5 4
x x
3

1 1 4
5 1 4
x x
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 4 1 dt
Let 4
t 5 dx dt 5 dx
x x x 4
3

1 1 1 4
dx 5 1 4 dx
3
x x
x 2
x 4
1 4
3
1

4
1 t 4 dt
1
1 1 t 4
C
4 1
4
1
1 4
1 4

1 x
C
4 1
4
1
1 4
1 4 C
x
Question 5:

1 Hint: 1 1
1
Put x = t 6
1 1 1 1
1

x x
2 3
x 2 x 3 x 3 1 x 6

Solution 5:
1 1

1 1
1 1

x x
2 3
x 1 x 6
3

Let x t 6 dx 6t 5dt
1 1
dx dx
1 1 1
1

x x2 3
x 1 x 6
3

6t 5
dt
t 2 1 t
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
t3
6 dt
1 t
On dividing, we obtain
2 1
1 1 dx 6 t t 1 1 t dt
1
x2 x3
t 3 t 2
6 t log 1 t
3 2
1 1 1
1

2 x 3 x 6 x 6 log 1 x 6 C
2 3 6

1 1
1

2 x 3 x 6 x 6 log 1 x 6 C
3 6
Question 6:
5x
x 1 x 2 9
Solution 6:
5x A Bx C
Let 2 ... 1
x 1 x 9 x 1 x 9
2
5 x A x 2 9 Bx C x 1
5 x Ax 2 9 A Bx 2 Bx Cx C
A+B=0
B+C=5
9A + C = 0
1 1 9
A , B , and C
2 2 2
x 9

5x 1 2 2

x 1 x 2 9 2 x 1 x 2 9
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
5x 1 x 9 dx
x 1 x2 9 2 x 1 2 x 2 9
dx

1 1 x 9 1
log
2
x 1
2 x 9
2
dx 2
2 x 9
dx
1 1 2x 9 1
log x 1 2 dx 2 dx
2 4 x 9 2 x 9
1 1 9 1 x
log x 1 log x 2 9 . tan 1
2 4 2 3 3
1
log
2
1
3 x
x 1 log x 2 9 tan 1 C
4 2 3
Question 7:
sin x
sin x a
Solution 7:
sin x
sin x a
Let x a = t dx = dt
sin x sin t a
sin x a sin t dt
dx
sin t cos a cos t sin a

dt
sin t
cos a cot t sin a dt
t cos a sin a log sin t C1
x a cos a sin a log sin x a C1
x cos a sin a log sin x a a cos a C1
sin a log sin x a x cos a C
Question 8:
e5log x e 4log x
e3log x e 2log x
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Solution 8:
e5log x e 4log x e

4log x
elog x 1
e3log x e 2log x e 2log x elog x 1
e 2log x
elog x
2
x2
e5log x e4log x x3
3log x 2log x dx x 2 dx C
e e 3
Question 9:
cos x
4 sin 2 x
Solution 9:
cos x
4 sin 2 x
Let sin x = t cos x dx = dt
cos x dt
dx
4 sin x 2 t
2 2 2
t
sin 1 C
2
sin x
sin 1 C
2
Question 10:
sin 8 x cos8 x
1 2sin 2 x cos 2 x
Solution 10:
sin 8 x cos8 x

sin 4 x cos 4 x sin 4 x cos 4 x
1 2sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x

sin x cos x sin x cos x sin x cos x
4 4 2 2 2 2
sin x sin x cos x cos x sin x cos x

2 2 2 2 2 2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________

sin 4
x cos 4 x sin 2 x cos 2 x
sin 2 x 1 cos 2 x cos 2 x 1 sin 2 x
sin 4 x cos 4 x cos 2 x sin 2 x

sin 4
x cos 4 x
cos 2 x
sin 8 x cos8 x sin 2 x
dx cos 2 xdx C
1 2sin x cos x
2 2
2
Question 11:
1
cos x a cos x b
Solution 11:
1
cos x a cos x b
Multiplying and dividing by sin (a b), we obtain.
1 sin a b

1 sin x a x b

1 sin x a .cos x b cos x a sin x b

1 sin x a sin x b

1
tan x a tan x b
sin a b
1 1
cos x a cos x b dx sin a b tan x a tan x b dx
1
log cos x a log cos x b C
sin a b
1 cos x b
log C
sin a b cos x a
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 12:
x3
1 x8
Solution 12:
x3
1 x8
Let x4 = t 4x3 dx = dt
x3 1 dt
dx
1 x 8 4 1 t2
1
sin 1 t C
4
sin 1 x 4 C
1
4
Question 13:
ex
1 e 2 e
x x
Solution 13:
ex
1 e 2 e
x x
Let ex = t ex dx = dt
ex dt
dx
1 e 2 e
x x
t 1 t 2
1 1
dt
t 1 t 2
log t 1 log t 2 C
t 1
log C
t2
1 ex
log C
2 ex
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 14:
1
x 2
1 x 2 4
Solution 14:
1 Ax B Cx D

x 2
1 x 4
2
x2 1 x2 4
1 Ax B x 2 4 Cx D x 2 1
1 Ax3 4 Ax Bx 2 4 B Cx3 Cx Dx 2 D
Equating the coefficients of x3, x2, x, and constant term, we obtain
A+C=0
B+D=0
4A + C = 0
4B + D = 1
1 1
A 0, B , C 0 and D=-
3 3
1 1 1

x 1 x 4
2 2

3 x 1 3 x 4
2 2

1 1 1 1 1
x 2
1 x 4
2
dx
3 x 1
2
dx 2
3 x 4
dx
1 1 1 x
tan 1 x . tan 1 C
3 3 2 2
1 1 x
tan 1 x tan 1 C
3 6 2
Question 15:
cos3 xelogsin x
Solution 15:
cos3 xelogsin x = cos3 x sin x
Let cos x = t sin x dx = dt
cos3 xelogsin x dx cos3 x sin xdx
t.dt
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
t4
C
4
cos 4 x
C
4
Question 16:
e3log x x4 1
1
Solution 16:
x3
e3log x x 4 1 elog x x 4 1
1 3 1
x4 1
Let x 4 1 t 4 x3dx dt
x3
e3log x x 4 1 dx
1
dx
x4 1
1 dt
4 t

1
log t C
4
1
log x 4 1 C
4
log x 4 1 C
1
4
Question 17:
f ' ax b f ax b
n
Solution 17:
f ' ax b f ax b
n
Let f ax b t a f ' ax b dx dt
1 n
f ' ax b f ax b dx
a
n
t dt
1 t n 1

a n 1
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1
f ax b C
n 1

a n 1
Question 18:
1
sin 3 x sin x
Solution 18:
1 1

sin x sin x
3
sin x sin x cos cos x sin
3
1

sin 4 x cos sin 3 x cos x sin
1

sin 2 x cos cot x sin
cos ec 2 x
cos cot x sin

Let cos cot x sin t cos ec 2 x sin dx dt
1 cos ec 2 x
dx dx.
sin 3 x sin x cos cot x sin
1 dt

sin t
1 2 t C

sin
1 2 cos cot x sin C

sin
2 cos x sin
cos C
sin sin x
2 sin x cos cos x sin
C
sin sin x
2 sin x
C
sin sin x
Question 19:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
sin 1 x cos 1 x
, x 0,1
sin 1 x cos1 x
Solution 19:
sin 1 x cos 1 x
Let I dx
sin 1 x cos 1 x

It is known that, sin 1 x cos 1 x
2
1
cos x cos 1 x
I
2
dx

2
2

1
2 cos x dx
2
2 4
. 1.dx cos 1 xdx
2
4
x cos 1 xdx ... 1

Let I1 cos 1 xdx
Also. let x t dx 2t dt
I1 2 cos 1t.t dt
t2 1 t 2
2 cos 1 t. . dt
2 1 t 2 2

2
t
t 2 cos 1 t dt
1 t2
1 t 2 1
t 2 cos 1 t dt
1 t2
1
t 2 cos 1 t 1 t 2 dt dt
1 t2
1 1
t 2 cos 1 t 1 t 2 sin 1 t sin 1 t
2 2
1 1
t 2 cos 1 t 1 t 2 sin 1 t
2 2
4 t 1
I x t 2 cos 1 t 1 t 2 sin 1 t
2 2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
4 1 x 1
x x cos x 1 x sin 1 x
2 2
4 1 x x2
x x sin x sin 1 x
2 2 2
4x 2 2
x 2 x sin 1 x x x 2 sin 1 x

2 2
x 2 x 1 sin 1 x x x2 C

2 2 x 1 1 2
sin x x x2 x C

Question 20:
1 x
1 x
Solution 20:
1 x
I dx
1 x
Let x cos2 dx 2sin cos d
1 cos
I 2sin cos d
1 cos

2sin 2
2 sin 2 d
2
2 cos
2

tan .2sin cos d
2

sin
2 2 2sin cos cos d

cos 2 2
2

4 sin 2 cos d
2

4 sin 2 . 2 cos 2 1 d
2 2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________

4 2sin 2 cos 2 sin 2 d
2 2 2

8 sin 2 .cos 2d 4 sin 2 d
2 2 2

2 sin 2 d 4 sin 2 d
2 2
1 cos 2 1 cos
2 d 4 d
2 2
sin 2 sin
2 4 C
2 4 2 2
sin 2
2 2sin C
2
sin 2
2sin C
2
2 sin cos
2 sin C
2
1 cos 2 .cos 2 1 cos 2 C
cos 1 x 1 x . x 2 1 x C
2 1 x cos 1 x x 1 x C
2 1 x cos 1 x x x 2 C
Question 21:
2 sin 2 x x
e
1 cos 2 x
Solution 21:
2 sin 2 x x
I e
1 cos 2 x
2 2sin x cos x x
e
2 cos 2 x
1 sin x cos x x
e
cos 2 x
sec2 x tan x e x
Let f x tan x f ' x sec2 x
I f x f ' x e x dx
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
ex f x C
e x tan x C
Question 22:
x2 x 1
x 1 x 2
2
Solution 22:
x2 x 1 A B C
Let ... 1
x 1 x 2
2
x 1 x 1 x 2
2
x 2 x 1 A x 1 x 2 B x 2 C x 2 2 x 1
x 2 x 1 A x 2 3x 2 B x 2 C x 2 2 x 1
x 2 x 1 A C x 2 3 A B 2C x 2 A 2 B C
A+C=1
3A + B + 2C = 1
2A + 2B + C = 1
A = 2, B = 1, and C = 3
x2 x 1 2 3 1

x 1 x 2
2
x 1 x 2 x 12
x2 x 1 1 1 1
x 1 x 2 dx 2 x 1 dx 3 x 2 dx x 1 dx
2 2
1
2log x 1 3log x 2 C
x 1
Question 23:
1 x
tan 1
1 x
Solution 23:
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 x
I= tan 1 dx
1 x
Let x cos dx sin d
1 cos
I tan 1 sin d
1 cos

2sin 2
tan 1 2 sin d
2
2 cos
2

tan 1 tan .sin d
2
1
.sin d
2
1
. cos 1. cos d
2
1
cos sin
2
1 1
cos sin
2 2
1 1
cos 1 x.x 1 x2 C
2 2
x 1
cos 1 1 x2 C
2 2
1

x cos 1 x 1 x 2 C
2

Question 24:
x 2 1 log x 2 1 2log x
x4
Solution 24:
x 2 1 log x 2 1 2log x x2 1
log x 2 1 log x 2
x4 x4
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
x2 1 x2 1
log
x4 x2
x2 1 1
log 1 2
x
4
x
1 x2 1 1
log 1 2
x3 x
2
x
1 1 1
1 2 log 1 2
x
3
x x
1 2
Let 1 2 t 3 dx dt
x x
1 1 1
I 1 2 log 1 2 dx
x
3
x x
1
2
t log tdt
1 12
2
t .log tdt

1 1
d
1

I log t. t 2 .dt log t t 2 dt dt
2 dt
3 3
1 t2 1 t2
log t. . dt
2 3 t 3
2 2
1 2 2
3
2 12
t log t t dt
2 3 3
1 2 32 4 32
t log t t
2 3 9
1 3 2 3
t 2 log t t 2
3 9
1 3
2
t 2 log t
3 3
3
1 1 2 1 2
1 2 log 1 2 C
3 x x 3
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 25:
1 sin x
e
x
dx
2 1 cos x
Solution 25:
1 sin x
I e x dx
2 1 cos x
x x
1 2sin cos
e x 2 2 dx

x
2 2sin 2
2
x

cos ec 2
2 cot dx
x

2 2 2

x
Let f x cot
2
1 x 1 x
f ' x cos ec 2 cos ec 2
2 2 2 2
I e x f x f ' x dx

2

e . f x dx
x
2

x
e x .cot
2
2

e x cot e 2 cot
2 4

e 0 e 2 1

e2
Question 26:

sin x cos x
0
4
cos 4 x sin 4 x
dx
Solution 26:

sin x cos x
Let I 4 dx
0 cos 4 x sin 4 x
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
(sin x cos x)

I 4 cos 4 x dx
0
cos x sin 4 x
4
cos 4 x

tan x sec2 x
I 4 dx
1 tan 4 x
Let tan x t 2 tan x sec 2 xdx dt
2

When x = 0, t = 0 and when x ,t 1
4
1 4 dt
2 0 1 t 2
I .
1 1
tan 1 t
2 0
1
tan 1 tan 1 0
2
1

24

8
Question 27:

cos 2 xdx
0
2
cos 2 x 4sin 2 x
Solution 27:

cos 2 x
Let I 2 dx
0 cos 2 x 4sin 2 x

cos2 x
I 2 dx
0
cos2 x 4 1 cos2 x

cos 2 x
I 2 dx
0 cos 2 x 4 4cos 2 x
1 2 4 3cos 2 x
3 0 cos 2 x 4 4 cos 2 x
I dx
1 2 4 3cos 2 x 1 2 4
I
3 0 4 3cos x 2
dx
3 0 4 3cos 2 x
dx
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 2 1 2 4sec2 x
3 0 3 0 4sec2 x 3
I 1dx dx
1 1 4sec2 x
I x 02 2 dx
3 3 0 4 1 tan 2 x 3
2 2 2sec2 x
... 1
3 0 1 4 tan 2 x
I dx
6

2sec2 x
Consider, 1 4 tan 2 x dx
0
2
Let 2 tanx = t 2sec2xdx = dt

When x = 0, t = 0 and when x = ,t=
2

2sec 2 x dt
2 dx
0 1 4 tan x
2 0 1 t2

tan 1 t
0
tan 1 tan 1 0

2
Therefore, from (1), we obtain
2
I
6 32 3 6 6
Question 28:

sin x cos x

6
3
sin 2 x
dx
Solution 28:

sin x cos x
Let I 3 dx
6 sin 2 x
I 3

sin x cos x dx
6 sin 2 x

sin x cos x
I 3 dx
6 1 1 2sin cos x
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
I 3

sin x cos x dx
6 1 sin 2 x cos 2 x 2sin x cos x
I 3
sin x cos x dx

1 sin x cos x
2
6
Let sin x cos x t sin x cos x dx dt

1 3 3 1
when x , t and when x = , t
6 2 3 2
3 1
dt
I 1 23
2 1 t2
3 1
dt
I 2
1 3

2
1 t2
1 1 1
As , therefore, is an even function.
1 t 1 t 1 t2
2 2
f x dx 2 f x dx
a a
-a 0
It is known that if f(x) is an even function, then

3 1
dt
I 2 2
0
1 t2
3 1
2sin 1 t 2
0
3 1
2sin 1
2
Question 29:
1 dx
0
1 x x
Solution 29:
1 dx
Let I
0
1 x x
I
1 1
1 x x dx
0
1 x x 1 x x
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________

1 1 x x dx
0 1 x x
1 1
1 xdx xdx
0 0
1 1
2 2
2 3

1 x 3 x 2
3 0 3 0
2 2 2
2 3 1 1
3 3
2
2
23
3
2.2 2

3
4 2

3
Question 30:

sin x cos x
0
4
9 16sin 2 x
dx
Solution 30:

sin x cos x
Let I = 4
9 16sin 2 x
0
dx
Also let sin x cos x = t (cos x + sinx) dx = dt

When x = 0, t = - 1 and when x = , t = 0
4
sin x cos x t 2
2
sin 2 cos 2 2sin x cos x t 2

1 sin 2 x t 2
sin 2 x 1 t 2
0 dt
I
1
9 16 1 t 2
0 dt

1 9 16 16t 2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
0 dt 0 dt
1 52 4t 2
1 25 16t 2
0
1 1 5 4t
log
4 2 5 5 4t 1
1 1
log 1 log
40 9
1
log 9
40
Question 31:

2
sin 2 x tan 1 sin x dx
0
Solution 31:

Let I sin 2 x tan
0
2 1
sin x dx 02 2sin x cos x tan 1 sin x dx
Also, let sin x = t cos x dx =dt

When x = 0, t = 0 and when x = ,t=1
2
I t tan 1 t dt ... 1
1
d
Consider t.tan 1 tdt tan 1 t. tdt tan 1 t tdt dt
dt
2 2
t 1 t
tan 1 t. . dt
2 1 t2 2
t 2 tan 1 t 1 t 2 1 1
dt
2 2 1 t2
t 2 tan 1 t 1 1 1
1.dt dt
2 2 2 1 t2
t 2 tan 1 t 1 1
.t tan 1 t
2 2 2
1
1 t 2 tan 1 t t 1
t.tan tdt 1
tan 1 t
0
2 2 2 0
1
1
24 4
1 1
1
22 4 2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________

1
I 2 1
2 2 2
Question 32:
x tan x
0 sec x tan x
dx
Solution 32:
x tan x
Let dx ... 1
0 sec x tan x

I
0
x tan x
dx
sec x tan x

0
a
f x dx f a x dx
a
0
x tan x
I dx
0

sec x tan x

I
x tan xdx ... 2
sec x tan x
0

tan x
2I dx
0 sec x tan x
sin x

2I cos x dx
0 1 sin x

cos x cos x
sin x 1 1
2I dx
0 1 sin x
1
2 I 1.dx dx
0 0 1 sin x
1 sin x
2 I x 0

dx
0 cos 2 x
2 I 2 sec2 x tan x sec x dx

2 I 2 tan x sec x 0

2 I 2 tan sec tan 0 sec 0
Top tutor.
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2 I 2 0 1 0 1
2 I 2 2
2 I 2

I 2
2
Question 33:
4
1
x 1 x 2 x 3 dx
Solution 33:
4
Let I = x 1 x 2 x 3 dx
1
4 4 4
I x 1 dx x 2 dx x 3 dx
1 1 1
I I1 I 2 I 3 ... 1
4 4 4
where, I1 x 1 dx, I 2 x 2 dx, and I 3 x 3 dx
1 1 1
4
I1 x 1 dx
1
x 1 0 for 1 x 4
I1 x 1 dx
4
1
4
x2
I1 x
x 1
1 9
I1 8 4 1 ... 2
2 2
4
I 2 x 2 dx
1
x 2 0 for 2 x 4 and x 2 0 for 1 x 2

I 2 2 x dx x 2 dx
2 4
1 2
2 4
x2 x2
I 2 2 x 2 x
2 1 2 2
1
I 2 4 2 2 8 8 2 4
2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 5
I2 2 ... 3
2 2
4
I 3 x 3 dx
1
x 3 0 for 3 x 4 and x 3 0 for 1 x 3

I 3 3 x dx x 3 dx
3 4
1 3
3 4
x x2 2
I 3 3 3 x
2 1 2 3
9 1 9
I 3 9 3 8 12 9
2 2 2
1 5
I 3 6 4 ... 4
2 2
From equations (1), (2), (3), and (4), we obtain
9 5 5 19
I
2 2 2 2
Question 34:
3 dx 2 2
1 2
log
x x 1 3 3
Solution 34:
3 dx
Let I = 1 x x 1
2
1 A B C
Also, let 2
x x 1
2
x x x 1
1 Ax x 1 B x 1 C x 2
1 Ax 2 Ax Bx B Cx 2
A+C=0
A+B=0
B=1
A = 1, C = 1, and B = 1
1 1 1 1
2 2
x x 1 x x x 1
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
3
1 1 1
I 2 dx
1

x x x 1
3
1
log x log x 1
x 1
3
x 1 1
log
x x 1
4 1 2
log log 1
3 3 1
2
log 4 log 3 log 2
3
2
log 2 log 3
3
2 2
log
3 3
Hence, the given result is proved.
Question 35:
4
0
xe x dx 1
Solution 35:
4
Let I = 0
xe x dx
1 d
I x e x dx x e x dx dx
4
0 0
dx
1
xe x e x dx
1
0 0
x 1 1
xe e x
0 0
e e 1
1
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 36:
1
1
x17 cos 4 xdx 0
Solution 36:
1
Let I x17 cos 4 xdx
1
Also, let f x x17 cos 4 x

f x x cos 4 x x17 cos 4 x f x
17
Therefore, f (x) is an odd function.

It is known that if f(x) is an odd function, then f x dx 0
a
a
1
I x17 cos 4 xdx 0
1
Question 37:

2
0
2
sin 3 xdx
3
Solution 37:

Let I 2 sin 3 xdx
0

I 2 sin 2 x.sin xdx
0

2 1 cos 2 x sin xdx
0

sin xdx 2 cos 2 x.sin xdx
2
0 0

cos3 x 2

cos x 02
3 0
1 1 2
1 1 1
3 3 3
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 38:

0
4
2 tan 3 xdx 1 log 2
Solution 38:

Let I 4 2 tan 3 xdx
0

I 4 2 tan 2 x tan xdx 2 4 sec 2 x 1 tan xdx
0 0

2 4 sec2 x tan xdx 2 4 tan xdx
0 0

tan 2 x 4
2 2 log cos x 04
2 0

1 2 log cos log cos 0
4
1
1 2 log log1
2
1 log 2 log1 1 log 2
Question 39:
1
sin
1
xdx 1
0 2
Solution 39:
1
sin
1
Let xdx
0
1
I sin 1 x.1.dx
0

1 1
I sin 1 x.x
1
.xdx
0 0
1 x2
1 1 2 x
2 0 1 x 2
1
x sin 1 x dx
0
Let 1 x2 = t 2x dx = dt
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 1 dt
I x sin 1 x
1
0 2 0 t
1 0
x sin 1 x 2 t
1
0 2 1
sin 1 1 1

1
2
Question 40:
1
e
2 3 x
Evaluate dx as a limit of a sum.
0
Solution 40:
1
e
2 3 x
Let I = dx
0
It is known that,
f x dx b a lim n f a f a h ... f a n 1 h
b 1
a n
ba
where, h
n
Here, a =0, b=1, and f x e 23 x
1 0 1
h
n n
f 0 f 0 h ... f 0 n 1 h
1
e 23 x dx 1 0 lim
1
0 n n
1 2
e e 23 x ... e
2 3 n 1 h
lim
n
n
1

lim e 2 1 e 3h e 6 h e 9 h ... e
n n
3 n 1 h

1 2 1 e
3 h n
lim e
n n
1 e3h

n
3
1 2 1 e n
lim e 3
n n
1 e n
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 e 1 e
2 3
lim
n n
3

1 e n
1 1
e 2 e 3 1 lim 3
n n
e n 1
3

1 n
e e 1 lim 3
2 3
n
3 n
e 1

3
e 2 e 3 1 n
lim 3
3 n
e n 1

e 2 e 3 1 x
1 lim
n e 1
x
3
1
e e 2

3
1 1
e2
3 e
Question 41:
dx
e x
e x
is equal to
A.tan -1 e x C
B.tan -1 e x C
C.log e x e x C
D.log e x e x C
Solution 41:
dx ex
Let I dx e2 x 1 dx
e x e x
Also, let e x t e x dx dt
dt
I
1 t2
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
tan 1 t C
tan 1 e x C
Question 42:
cos 2 x
sin x cos x 2
dx is
-1
A. C
sin x cos x
B.log sinx+cosx C
C.log sinx-cosx C
1
D. C equal to
sin x cos x
2
Solution 42:
cos 2 x
Let I dx
sin x cos x
2
cos2 x sin 2 x
I dx
sin x cos x
2

co s x sin x cos x sin x dx
sin x cos x
2
cos x sin x
dx
cos x sin x
Let cos x sin x t cos x sin x dx dt
dt
I
t
log t C
log cos x sin x C
Top tutor.
______________________________________________________________________________
Question 43:
xf x dx is equal to
b
If f (a + b x) = f (x), then a
ab b
f b x dx
2 a
A.
ab b
f b x dx
2 a
B.
ba b
f x dx
2 a
C.
ab b
f x dx
2 a
D.
Solution 43:
xf x dx
b
Let I = a
(1)
I a b x f a b x dx
a
b
a
b
f x dx f a b x dx
b
a
I a b x f x dx
b
I a b f x dx I using 1
b
I I a b f x dx
b
2 I a b f x dx
b
ab
f x dx
b
I
2 a
Question 44:
1 2x 1
The value of 0
tan 1 2
1 x x
dx is
A. 1
B. 0
C. 1

D.
4
Solution 44:
1 2x 1
Let I tan 1 2
dx
0
1 x x
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______________________________________________________________________________
1 x (1 x
I tan 1 dx
1 x 1 x
0
I tan 1 x tan 1 1 x dx ... 1

1
I tan 1 1 x tan 1 1 1 x dx
1
I tan 1 1 x tan 1 x dx
1
I tan 1 1 x tan 1 x dx ... 2

1

2 I tan 1 x tan 1 1 x tan 1 1 x tan 1 x dx
1
2I 0
I 0
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Integrals NCERT Sols

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Integrals NCERT Sols

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Class XII Chapter 7 Integrals Maths

Book Name: Selina Concise

2 xdx 3 cos xdx e dx x

sec xdx sec x tan xdx

2sec 2 xdx 3 tan x sec xdx

1 cos x sin x cos x sin x

A 10x x10 C B 10x x10 C

A tan x cot x C B tan x cot x C

1 sin12 x sin 8 x sin 4 x

cos3 x.sin 2 x.sin x.dx

cos3 x 1 cos 2 x sin x.dx

Let sin x cos x t

sec 2 x tan 2 x tan 2 x

sec2 x tan 2 xdx tan x x C ... 1

Consider sec2 x tan 2 xdx

1 sin x b cos x a cos x b sin x a

(A) cot (exx) + C (B) tan (xex) + C

log tan x tan 2 x 4 C

From equation (2), we obtain

Using equations (2) and (3) in (1), we obtain

Using equations (2) and (3) in (1), we obtain

Equating the coefficients of x and constant term on both sides, we obtain

(A) x tan-1 (x + 1) + C (B) tan-1 (x + 1) + C

Consider 2 dx, let x 2 1 t 2 xdx dt

Equating the coefficients of x2, x and constant term, we obtain

It is known that, e x f x f ' x dx e x f x C

It is known that, ex f x f ' x dx e x f x C

It is known that, ex f x f ' x dx e x f x C

Let I e x sec x 1 tan x dx e x sec x sec x tan x dx

f x dx b a lim n f a f a h ... f a n 1 h where h = n

f x dx b a lim n f a f a h ... f a n 1 h , where h = n

lim 2 2 2.2. ... 2

lim 2 ... 2 ...

f x dx b a lim n f a f a h ... f a n 1 h where h = n

f x dx b a lim n f a f a h ... f a n 1 h where h = n

By second fundamental theorem of calculus, we obtain

tan xdx log cos x F x

cos ecxdx log cos ecx cot x F x

By second fundamental theorem of calculus, we obtain

By second fundamental theorem of calculus, we obtain

1 cos 2 x x sin 2 x 1 sin 2 x

By second fundamental theorem of calculus, we obtain

By second fundamental theorem of calculus, we obtain

cos xdx sin x F x

By second fundamental theorem of calculus, we obtain

By second fundamental theorem of calculus, we obtain

Put 3x=t 3dx=dt

Also, let sin t cos d dt

Let cos x = t sinx dx = dt

The value of the integral

Let cot = t cosec2 d= dt

Integrating by parts, we obtain

Adding (1) and (2), we obtain

Adding (1) and (2), we obtain

It can be seen that (x + 2) 0 on [5, 2] and (x + 2) 0 on [2, 5].

It can be seen that (x 5) 0 on [2, 5] and (x 5) 0 on [5, 8].

2 log sin x log sin 2 x dx

Adding (1) and (2), we obtain

Adding (1) and (2), we obtain

Adding (1) and (2), we obtain

Adding (4) and (5), we obtain

It can be seen that, (x 1) 0 when 0 x 1 and (x 1) 0 when 1 x 4

Adding (1) and (2), we obtain

Hence, the correct Answer is C.