Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Educacin
MIT Concrete Sustainability Hub
Biblioteca de referencia
Materiales y aplicaciones
Tecnologa del hormign
o Concrete Construction
las bolsas de aire
Consejos para la construccin de losas sin problemas
Hormigonado El tiempo fro
La interposicin de juntas en losas de concreto con: Por qu, cmo y cundo
Papel de curado del cemento
La diferencia entre el curado y secado concretas
Acabado concreto con aire
El tiempo caliente Concrete Construction
o Diseo y Produccin de concreto
causas
Tal vez la causa ms influyente de las bolsas de aire de vibracin es
inadecuada. Consolidacin, generalmente a travs de la vibracin, establece
las burbujas de aire y de agua en movimiento. Una cantidad adecuada de
vibracin enva tanto el aire atrapado y el exceso de agua a la superficie libre
del hormign - arrollamiento o bien verticalmente a travs de la matriz o
lateralmente en una ruta directa a la pared forma. vibracin inadecuada o bien
insuficientemente liberar los vacos o sobre-consolidar el hormign resultante
en la segregacin y sangrado. (Ver ACI 309 para una descripcin completa de
la consolidacin mediante vibracin.)
Cura
(1) la consolidacin adecuada . La vibracin debe completarse con cada
elevacin de hormign colocado. Como se colocan ascensores sucesivos, el
vibrador debe penetrar la elevacin anterior, trabajando el aire atrapado hacia
la forma y luego verticalmente a los lados.
Causes
Perhaps the most influential cause of bugholes is improper vibration.
Consolidation, usually through vibration, sets the air and water bubbles into
motion. A proper amount of vibration sends both entrapped air and excess
water to the free surface of the concrete either vertically winding through the
matrix or laterally in a direct route to the form wall. Improper vibration will either
insufficiently liberate the voids or over-consolidate the concrete resulting in
segregation and bleeding. (See ACI 309 for a full description of consolidation
using vibration.)
Another factor that promotes bughole formation is the form material itself.
Nonpermeable forms (i.e. polymer impregnated wood and steel) and the use of
form-releasing agents can restrict the movement of the air voids between the
concrete-form interface that is necessary for bughole reduction. It is imperative
that when form-releasing agents are used, they are used according to the
manufacturers recommendations and used only with specified form material.
Cure
(1) Proper consolidation. Vibration should be completed with each lift of
concrete placed. As successive lifts are placed, the vibrator should penetrate
the previous lift, working the entrapped air towards the form and then vertically
up the sides.
(2) Permeable Forms. When impermeable forms are used, more vibration is
necessary to move the air voids to the free surface of the concrete. The use of
permeable forms has been shown through research to reduce bugholes
significantly by allowing escaping air to move through the form to the ambient
air. Choosing the proper form releasing agent in the proper amount can also
improve the surface quality.
(3) Mix design. Workable, flowing mixtures are easier to place and consolidate
and therefore reduce the risk of bughole formation. Concrete with an optimally
graded aggregate that avoids excessive quantities of fine aggregate, properly
proportioned cement content, and any admixture that provides increased flow,
workability, or ease of consolidation contributes to bughole reduction. Self-
consolidating concrete (SCC) is becoming increasing popular for industries
(precast especially) to improve surface quality.
http://www.cement.org/learn/concrete-technology/concrete-construction/bugholes
La lechada
Definicin - Qu lechada significa?
Una lechada de cemento es una capa debilitada de cemento y partculas finas
en una superficie concreta causada por un excesivo nivel de humedad no
deseada o pobre acabado de cemento.
Laitance
Definition - What does Laitance mean?
A laitance is a weakened layer of cement and fine particles on a concrete
surface caused by a excessive level of undesired moisture or poor cement
finishing.