MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS

These are factors

affecting the
voluntariness or the
freedom of human acts
and grounds for
lessening ones
culpability in the concrete
actions.
5 MODIFIERS
a) IGNORANCE
b) FEAR
c) CONCUPISCENCE
d) VIOLENCE
e) HABITS
a) IGNORANCE
Is merely lack of
knowledge in a person
capable of knowing it.
There are four types /
kinds
1) INVINCIBLE IGNORANCE
A type of ignorance which
cannot be cleared up or
dispelled and sometimes
cannot be acquired
Inability to dispel.
2) VINCIBLE IGNORANCE
Is a kind of ignorance
which can and should be
dispelled by willful
diligence.
Can be cleared up by
willingness
3) IGNORANCE OF THE LAW
it means a lack of
knowledge that a
particular law
exists.
4) IGNORANCE OF THE FACT
It means lack of
realization that one is
already violating a
particular and existing
laws.
b) FEAR
is a mental agitation of
disturbance brought
about by the
apprehension of some
imminent danger whether
in reality or imaginary.
2 TYPES / KINDS OF FEAR
a) GRAVE FEAR- is
aroused by the presence
of serious danger.
b) SLIGHT aroused by
not serious/grave
probable danger.
c) CONCUPISCENCE / PASSION
a movement of the
sensitive (irrational)
appetite which is
produced by good or evil
as response/
apprehended by the
mind.
Feelings/emotions
2 KINDS / TYPES OF PASSION
1) ANTECEDENT this
type arises
spontaneously before the
judgment of reason or
before the will controls it.
CONCUPISCENCE . . . . .
2) CONSEQUENT - is
deliberately aroused by
the will to ensure more
prompt and willing
operation.
Filthy and Malicious
imaginations
d) VIOLENCE
Is an external force
applied by someone on
another in order to
compel / to perform an
action against her/his will.
3 TYPES OF VIOLENCE
1)active/perfect when
complete resistance is
given.
2)passive/imperfect-
without resistance
3) neutral with mental
reservations or prudence
d) HABITS
Are inclination to perform
actions acquired through
repetition.
Characterized by a
decreased power of
resistance and an
increased facility of
performance.