Giacomoni - Fe.fall2013 Fluid and Hydraulic

FE REVIEW Fluid Mechanics, Hydraulics and Hydrologic Systems FALL 2013
Instructor: Dr. Marcio Giacomoni
NCEES Fundamentals of Engineering (FE)

Examination Review
Fluid Mechanics, Hydraulics and
Hydrologic Systems
Instructor: Dr. Marcio H. Giacomoni
1/3/11 The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 1
Introduction
The FE examination is an 8-hour supplied-
reference examination:
120 questions in the 4-hour morning session
2 minutes per question
60 questions in the 4-hour afternoon session.
4 minutes per question
FE Supplied-Reference Book
It can be downloaded at:
http://ncees.org/exams/stud
y-materials/download-fe-
supplied-reference-
handbook/
It is very important to be
familiar with the Reference
book
To know exactly where each
topic is located
Morning Session
120 questions divided in 12 topic sections
X. Fluid Mechanics (7% - 8 to 9 questions)
A. Flow measurement
B. Fluid properties
C. Fluid statics
D. Energy, impulse, and momentum equations
E. Pipe and other internal flow
Afternoon Session
60 questions divided in 9 sections
II. Hydraulics and Hydrologic Systems (12% - 7 to 8 questions)
A. Basic hydrology (e.g., infiltration, rainfall, runoff, detention,
flood flows, watersheds)
B. Basic hydraulics (e.g., Manning equation, Bernoulli theorem,
open-channel flow, pipe flow)
C. Pumping systems (water and wastewater)
D. Municipal water distribution systems
E. Reservoirs (e.g., dams, routing, spillways)
F. Groundwater (e.g., flow, wells, drawdown)
G. Sewer collection systems (storm and sanitary)
UNITS
The FE examination uses both the International
System of Units (SI) and the US Customary
System (USCS).
See page 19 of the FE Supplied-Reference Book
In the USCS system of units, both force and mass
are called pounds. Therefore, one must
distinguish the pound-force (lbf) from the pound-
mass (lbm).
UNITS
Important Constants
Constant Symbol SI USCS
Acceleration of Gravity g 9.81 m/s 32.17 ft/s
Atmospheric Pressure Patm 101.3 kPa 14.7 lbf/in or psia
Vapor Pressure Pv 2.34 kPa 0.34 lb/in or psia
Water Density 1000 Kg/m 62.43 lbm/ft
Sea Water Density 1025 Kg/m 64 lbm/ft
Air Density 1.2 Kg/m 0.0749 lbm/ft
Specific Weight of Water 9810 N/m 62.4 lbf/ft
Properties of Water (Page 70)
Properties of Water (Page 70)
CONVERSION FACTORS (page 20)
Dynamic
Viscosity
Kinematic
Viscosity
CONVERSION FACTORS (page 20)
Fluid Mechanics (Page 62 to 72)
Density, Specific Volume, Specific Weight, and Specific

Gravity (Page 62)
If 10 m of a liquid weights 60 kN, calculate
its specific weight, density and specific
gravity.
V = 10 m3, W = 60 kN
Specific weight,
g = W/V = 60 kN/10 m3 = 6 kN/m3 = 6000 N/m3
Density,
r = g/g = 6000 N/m3 /9.81 kN/m3 = 611.62 kg/m3
Specific gravity,
s.g. = g/gw = 6 kN/m3 /9.81 kN/m3 = 0.612
Stress Pressure and Viscosity (Page 62)
Principles of Fluid Mechanics

Viscosity
Is the measure of a liquid resistance to shear or
angular deformation
Is a measure of fluids resistance to flow
Dynamic Viscosity ( mu)
v
v

= (Shear stress between two thin sheets of

fluid)
. .
Units: or centipoise (cP) 1 cP = 1 10 3
2 2

Viscosity = =

=

=

Surface Tension and Capillarity (Page 62)
The Pressure Field in a Static Liquid (Page 62)
Pressure and Pressure Forces in Static Fluids

Hydrostatic Forces:
The hydrostatic force on any submerged plane surface
is equal to the product of the surface area the
pressure acting at the centroid of the plane surface
= = =

Pressure and Pressure Forces in Static Fluids

Hydrostatic Forces:
Example 3.6.2
Determine the hydrostatic force and the location
of the center of pressure on the 25 m long dam
shown in the Figure 3.6.2. The face of the dam is
at an angle of 60. Assume 20C.
L = 25 m
Example 3.6.2
= = 5/60

= 9.79 3
5
= 25 = 167.2 2
60

= 2.5 = 9.79 3 2.5 167.22 = 4092

= 2.5
Forces on Submerged Surfaces and the Center of Pressure (Page. 63)
Forces on Submerged Surfaces and the Center of Pressure (Page 63)
Archimedes Principle and Buoyancy (Page 63)
One Dimensional Flows (Page 63)
Reynolds Number (Page 65)
Hydraulics and Energy Grade Lines (Page 65)
Steady, Incompressible Flow in Conduits and Pipes (Page 65)
Z =200 m
Q=?
Z =180 m
Moody Diagram (Page 71)
Pump Power Equation (Page 66)
Flow in Noncircular Conduits (Page 65)
Minor Losses in Pipe Fittings, Contractions and

Expansions (Page 65 - 66)
Performance of Components (Fans, Pumps and

Compressors) Mechanical Engineering (Page 241)
Example
Centrifugal Pump Characteristics (Page 241)
The Impulse-momentum Principle (Page 66)
Jet Propulsion (Page 66)
Multipath Pipeline Problems (Page 67)
Multipath Pipeline Problems (Page 67)
Fluid Measurements (Page 67)
Manometers (Page 68)
Manometers (Page 68)
Barometers (Page 68)

A weather broadcaster states that the
barometer reads 29.92 inches of mercury and
is steady. Calculate the atmospheric pressure
in psi if the specific gravity of mercury is 13.6
= +
= +
1
= 0 + 13.6 62.4 29.92
1442 / 2 12/

= 14.69 2 = 14.69

Venturi Meters (Page 68)
Orifices (Page 68)
Submerged Orifices (Page 68)
Orifice Discharging Freely into Atmosphere (Page 69)
Dimensional Homogeneity and Dimensional

Analysis (Page 69)
Similitude (Page 69)
Dimensional Analysis: Reynolds and Froude

Numbers

= = =

Reynolds number represents the ratio of inertial

force to viscous force
It is useful in pressure conducts and groundwater
hydraulics
The Froude number represents the ratio of inertial
force to gravitational force
Useful in open channel flow in which gravitational forces
tend to dominate.
Dimensional Analysis
Similitude
Hydraulics and Hydrologic Systems (Pages 159 to 161)
Hydrology NRCS (SCS) Rainfall-Runoff
Hydrology Rational Formula
Hydrology Rational Formula
Rational Formula
Hydrology Unit Hydrograph
Groundwater Darcys Law
Groundwater Well Drawdown
Sewage Flow Ration Curves
Hydraulic-Elements Graph for Circular Sewers
, ,
Are velocity, flow,
area and
hydraulic radius
for full pipe
, ,
Are velocity, flow,
area and
hydraulic radius
for full pipe
Open-Chanel Flow Specific Energy

Compute the critical depth for a 8-ft wide
rectangular channel with a discharge of 100
cfs.
2 3 1002 3
= =
32.2
3
8 83 3
310.6 = 310.6 =
8 8
3
310.6
=
82
310.61/3
= = 1.61
82
Open Channel Flow Uniform Flow
Open Channel Flow Uniform Flow
Flow Classification
Uniform Flow
Non-Uniform Flow
Steady Flow
Unsteady Flow
Open Channel Flow Weir Formulas
Open Channel Flow Hazen-Williams Eq.

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FE REVIEW Fluid Mechanics, Hydraulics and Hydrologic Systems FALL 2013

Instructor: Dr. Marcio Giacomoni

NCEES Fundamentals of Engineering (FE)

Instructor: Dr. Marcio H. Giacomoni

Properties of Water (Page 70)

Properties of Water (Page 70)

CONVERSION FACTORS (page 20)

CONVERSION FACTORS (page 20)

Fluid Mechanics (Page 62 to 72)

Density, Specific Volume, Specific Weight, and Specific

Stress Pressure and Viscosity (Page 62)

Principles of Fluid Mechanics

Surface Tension and Capillarity (Page 62)

The Pressure Field in a Static Liquid (Page 62)

Pressure and Pressure Forces in Static Fluids

Pressure and Pressure Forces in Static Fluids

Forces on Submerged Surfaces and the Center of Pressure (Page. 63)

Forces on Submerged Surfaces and the Center of Pressure (Page 63)

Archimedes Principle and Buoyancy (Page 63)

One Dimensional Flows (Page 63)

One Dimensional Flows (Page 64)

One Dimensional Flows (Page 64)

Reynolds Number (Page 65)

Hydraulics and Energy Grade Lines (Page 65)

Steady, Incompressible Flow in Conduits and Pipes (Page 65)

Steady, Incompressible Flow in Conduits and Pipes (Page 65)

Steady, Incompressible Flow in Conduits and Pipes (Page 65)

Moody Diagram (Page 71)

Steady, Incompressible Flow in Conduits and Pipes (Page 65)

Steady, Incompressible Flow in Conduits and Pipes (Page 65)

Pump Power Equation (Page 66)

Flow in Noncircular Conduits (Page 65)

Flow in Noncircular Conduits (Page 65)

Flow in Noncircular Conduits (Page 65)

Minor Losses in Pipe Fittings, Contractions and

Performance of Components (Fans, Pumps and

Centrifugal Pump Characteristics (Page 241)

The Impulse-momentum Principle (Page 66)

The Impulse-momentum Principle (Page 66)

The Impulse-momentum Principle (Page 66)

Jet Propulsion (Page 66)

Multipath Pipeline Problems (Page 67)

Multipath Pipeline Problems (Page 67)

Fluid Measurements (Page 67)

Manometers (Page 68)

Manometers (Page 68)

Barometers (Page 68)

Venturi Meters (Page 68)

Orifices (Page 68)

Submerged Orifices (Page 68)

Orifice Discharging Freely into Atmosphere (Page 69)

Dimensional Homogeneity and Dimensional

Similitude (Page 69)

Dimensional Analysis: Reynolds and Froude

Reynolds number represents the ratio of inertial

Hydraulics and Hydrologic Systems (Pages 159 to 161)

Hydrology NRCS (SCS) Rainfall-Runoff

Hydrology Rational Formula

Hydrology Rational Formula

Hydrology Unit Hydrograph

Groundwater Darcys Law

Groundwater Well Drawdown

Sewage Flow Ration Curves