XRAG2

432-bit UHF, EPCglobal Class1 Generation2 and ISO 18000-6C,

contactless memory chip with user memory

Features
EPCglobal class 1 generation 2 RFID UHF
specification (revision 1.0.9)
Passive operation (no battery required)
UHF carrier frequencies from 860 MHz to
( s )

960 MHz ISM band
c t UFDFPN6(1)
To the XRAG2:
d u 1.8 2 mm (MA)

Asynchronous 90% SSB-ASK, DSB-ASK

or PR-ASK modulation using pulse interval r o s )
encoding (Up to 128Kbit/s)
e P c t (
From the XRAG2:
Backscattered reflective answers using
l e t d u
s o
FM0 or Miller bit coding (up to 640 Kbits/s)
r o
432-bit memory with two possible
O b e P
configurations:
- l e t
s )
3 memory banks to store up to 256-bit EPC

o
code: 64-bit TID, 304-bit EPC and 64-bit
(
reserved banks
c t b s Unsawn unbumped wafers

d u - O
4 memory banks to store up to 128-EPC
code: 128-bit user, 64-bit TID, 176-bit EPC
or
sawn and bumped wafers

r o
and 64-bit reserved banks

s )

e P
Supports EPC and ISO TID

c t (

l e t
Multisession protocol

d u
Anti-collision functionality
1. Preliminary data.

s o r o
Inventory, Read, Write and Erase features

O b

e P
Kill command

l e t
100 ms programming time (max) for 288-bit
(EPC code, Protocol Control bits and CRC16)

s o
programming

O b

More than 10,000 Write/Erase cycles
More than 40 years data retention
Packages
ECOPACK (RoHS compliant)

April 2008 Rev 6 1/33

www.st.com 1
 Contents XRAG2

Contents

1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2 XRAG2 memory mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.1 Tag identification (TID) structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2 Initial delivery state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3 XRAG2 command list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

( s )
4
c t
Operating frequency and temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

d u
5
r o )
Reader-to-tag protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
s
5.1 P t (
Reader-to-tag Power-Up and Power-Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
e c
5.2
e t u
Reader-to-tag RF modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
l d
5.3
o r o
Reader-to-tag data encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
s
5.4
b P
Reader-to-tag communication start and calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
O e
- l e t
6
( s )
Tag-to-reader protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
o
6.1
t s
Tag-to-reader data encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
c b
d u
6.1.1
O
Tag-to-reader FM0 encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

-
r o 6.1.2

s
Tag-to-reader FM0 preamble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
)
e P 6.1.3

c
6.1.4 t ( Tag-to-reader FM0 end of signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Tag-to-reader FM0 data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

l e t d u
6.1.5 Tag-to-reader Miller-modulated subcarrier encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

s o r o 6.1.6 Tag-to-reader Miller sub carrier modulation preamble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

O b e P 6.1.7 Tag-to-reader Miller subcarrier modulation end of signaling . . . . . . . . . 20

l e t6.2 Tag-to-reader Miller signaling data rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

7 s o Tag-to-reader communication timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

O b
8 XRAG2 command descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8.1 Select command set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8.1.1 Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8.2 Inventory command set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8.2.1 Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2/33
 XRAG2 Contents

8.2.2 QueryRep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8.2.3 QueryAdjust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8.2.4 ACK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8.2.5 NAK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8.3 Access command set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8.3.1 Req_RN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8.3.2 Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8.3.3 Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8.3.4 Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8.3.5
)
BlockWrite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

( s
8.3.6
t
BlockErase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
c
8.3.7
u
Kill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
d
8.3.8
r o
Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

s )
9
e P c t (
XRAG2 impedance parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

l e t d u
10
o o
Package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
s r
O b e P
11
- l e t
Part numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

( s ) o
12

c t b s
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

d u - O
r o s )
e P c t (
l e t d u
s o r o
O b e P
l e t
s o
O b

3/33
 List of tables XRAG2

List of tables

Table 1. Signal names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Table 2. Structure of ISO TID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 3. Structure of EPC TID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Table 4. XRAG2 operating temperature range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Table 5. RF envelop parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Table 6. PIE parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Table 7. Reader to tag frame-sync and preamble timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Table 8. Tag-to-Reader link frequency and tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Table 9. Tag-to-Reader data rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Table 10.
Table 11.
( s )
Reader-to-tag and tag-to-Reader communication timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
XRAG2 Write, BlockWrite and BlockErase parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Table 12.
c t
XRAG2 parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Table 13.
Table 14.
d u
XRAG2 impedance parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
UFDFPN6 (MLP6) - 8-lead ultra thin fine pitch dual flat package no lead

r o )
1.8 x 2 mm, package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
s
Table 15.
Table 16.
e P c t (
Ordering information scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

l e t d u
s o r o
O b e P
- l e t
( s ) o
c t b s
d u - O
r o s )
e P c t (
l e t d u
s o r o
O b e P
l e t
s o
O b

4/33
 XRAG2 List of figures

List of figures

Figure 1. Pad connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Figure 2. Die floor plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Figure 3. UFDFPN connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Figure 4. Four bank memory organization (EPC_length 9d), memory map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Figure 5. Three memory bank organization (EPC_length > 9d), memory map: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Figure 6. Reader-to-tag RF envelop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Figure 7. PIE encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Figure 8. Preamble timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Figure 9. Frame-sync sequence timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
( s )
FM0 symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
FM0 answer preamble without pilot tone (TRext=0). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Figure 12.
c t
FM0 answer preamble with pilot tone (TRext=1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Figure 13.
Figure 14.
d u
Tag-to-reader FM0 end of signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Tag-to-reader Miller subcarrier sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Figure 15.
r o )
Tag-to-reader Miller Preamble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
s
Figure 16.
Figure 17.
e P c t (
Tag-to-reader Miller end of signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Example of an inventory round . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Figure 18.
Figure 19.
l e t d u
Reader-to-tag and tag-to-reader communication timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Access command state diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Figure 20.
s o r o
XRAG2 input impedance, equivalent serial circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Figure 21.
b P
UFDFPN6 (MLP6) 6-lead ultra thin fine pitch dual flat package no lead

O e
1.8 x 2 mm, package outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

- l e t
( s ) o
c t b s
d u - O
r o s )
e P c t (
l e t d u
s o r o
O b e P
l e t
s o
O b

5/33
 Description XRAG2

1 Description

The XRAG2 is a full-featured, low-cost integrated circuit for use in radio frequency
identification (RFID) transponders (XRAG2s) operating at UHF frequencies. It is a 432-bit
memory organized as 3 or 4 memory banks of 16-bit words as shown in Figure 4 and
Figure 5.
When connected to an antenna, the operating power is derived from the RF energy
produced by the RFID reader and incoming data are demodulated and decoded from the
received double-side band amplitude shift keying (DSB-ASK), single-side band amplitude
shift keying (SSB-ASK) or phase-reversal amplitude shift keying (PR-ASK) modulation
signal. Outgoing data are generated by antenna reflectivity variation using either FM0 or the
Miller bit coding principle (chosen by the reader).

( s )
c t
Communications between the reader and the XRAG2 are Half-duplex, which means that the
XRAG2s does not decode reader commands while back scattering.

d u
The data transfer rate is defined by the local UHF frequency regulation.

r o s )
The XRAG2 complies with the EPC Global Class-1 Generation-2 UHF RFID specification,
P t (
revision 1.0.9, for the radio-frequency power and signal interface.
e c
Figure 1. Pad connections
l e t d u
s o r o
O b e P
- l e t Power
Supply

( s ) o Regulator
AC1

c t b s 432 bit
EEPROM
ASK
Demodulator

d u - O memory AC0

r o s )
Reflecting
Modulator

e P c t (
l e t d u AI12306

s o r o
O b e P
Figure 2. Die floor plan

l e t
s o
O b AC1
(GND) AC0

ai12307

6/33
 XRAG2 Description

Table 1. Signal names

Signal name Function

AC1 Antenna pad

AC0 (GND) Antenna pad

The dialog between the reader and the XRAG2 is conducted through the following
consecutive operations:
activation of the XRAG2 by the UHF operating field of the reader
transmission of a command by the reader
transmission of a response by the XRAG2
This technique is called RTF (reader talk first).

( s )
c t
The XRAG2 is specifically designed for extended-range applications that need automatic
item identification. The XRAG2 provides a fast and flexible anti-collision protocol that is
u
robust under noisy and unpredictable RF conditions typical of RFID applications. The
d
EPC code and user memory on site, if desired.
r o
XRAG2 EEPROM memory can be read and written, which enables users to program the

s )
P c t (
The TID memory is written by STMicroelectronics during the manufacturing process.
e
Figure 3. UFDFPN connections
l e t d u
s o r o
O b e P AC1 NC NC
1 2 3

- l e t
( s ) o
c t b s 6 5 4

d u - O AC0 NC NC AI15109

r o )
1. There is an exposed central pad on the underside of the UFDFPN package. This is pulled, internally, to

s
VSS, and must not be allowed to be connected to any other voltage or signal line on the PCB.

P t (
2. See Package mechanical data section for package dimensions, and how to identify pin-1.

e c
l e t d u
s o r o
O b e P
l e t
s o
O b

7/33
 XRAG2 memory mapping XRAG2

2 XRAG2 memory mapping

The XRAG2 is a 432-bit memory organized in three memory banks (without the user
memory) or four memory bank (with the user memory) depending on the size of the EPC
code chosen by the user. Each bank is organized as 16-bit words. The reader can read part
or all of each memory bank by 16-bit words. Using the Write command, the device is written
a 16-bit word at a time. The BlockWrite command allows readers to write up to 4 words at a
time. The BlockErase command allows readers to erase several words at a time (from two
words to the entire memory bank).
The bank number and memory organization depend on the size of the EPC contents
programmed in the EPC_length field stored in the first five bits of the Protocol Control (PC)
word.

( s )
c t
The sixteen Protocol Control bits are located at memory bit addresses 10h-1Fh of the EPC
bank, as defined in the EPCglobal Class 1 generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision
1.0.9.
d u
r o )
The XRAG2 memory organization is automatically adjusted under the following conditions:
s

P t (
for EPC_length values below or equal to 9d, the XRAG2 memory organization features

e c
a:
64-bit Reserved bank,
l e t d u

o r o
176-bit EPC bank for 128-bit EPC code storage,
s
64-bit TID bank,

O b e P
128-bit User bank,
- l e t
( s )
The memory map corresponding to this configuration is shown in Figure 4.
o


c t b
64-bit Reserved bank, s
for EPC_length values above 9d, the XRAG2 memory organization features a:

d u O
304-bit EPC bank for 256-bit EPC code storage,
-

r o )
64-bit TID bank.
s
P t (
The memory map corresponding to this configuration is shown in Figure 5.

e c
l e t d u
s o r o
O b e P
l e t
s o
O b

8/33
 XRAG2 XRAG2 memory mapping

Figure 4. Four bank memory organization (EPC_length 9d), memory map

70h User 7Fh

... ... ...
10h User 1Fh
00h User 0Fh
Bank 11 User bank 128 bits
30h TID[15:0] 3Fh
Bank 10 TID bank(1) 64 bits TID[31:16]
20h 2Fh
10h TID[47:32] 1Fh
Bank 01 EPC bank 176 bits TID[63:48]
00h 0Fh

Bank 00 Reserved bank 64 bits

( s )
c tA0h
90h
RFU
EPC [15:0]
AFh
9Fh

d u ... ... up to 128 EPC bits ...

r o 20h

s ) EPC[N:N-15]
10h (PC+EPC)length AFI/NSI
2Fh
1Fh

e P c t (
00h CRC16[15:0] 0Fh

l e t d u 30h Access password [15:0] 3Fh

s o r o 20h Access password [31:16] 2Fh

O b e P 10h Kill password [15:0]

Kill password [31:16]
1Fh

- l e t 00h 0Fh

( s ) o ai12309d

c t b s
1. See Table 2 and Table 3 for description of EPC and ISO TID coding.

d u - O
r o s )
e P c t (
l e t d u
s o r o
O b e P
l e t
s o
O b

9/33
 XRAG2 memory mapping XRAG2

Figure 5. Three memory bank organization (EPC_length > 9d), memory map:

30h TID[15:0] 3Fh

20h TID[31:16] 2Fh
10h TID[47:32] 1Fh
00h TID[63:48](1) 0Fh

120h RFU 12Fh

Bank 10 TID bank(1) 64 bits 110h EPC [15:0] 11Fh
... ... ...
Bank 01 EPC bank 304 bits ... ... up to 256 EPC bits ...

Bank 00 Reserved bank 64 bits 20h

...

( s ) EPC[N:N-15]
... ...

c t
10h (PC+EPC)length AFI/NSI
2Fh
1Fh

d u 00h CRC16[15:0] 0Fh

r o 30h

s ) Access password [15:0] 3Fh

e P
20h

c t
10h ( Access password [31:16]
Kill password [15:0]
2Fh
1Fh

l e t d u 00h Kill password [31:16] 0Fh

s o r o ai12310b

O b e P
1. See Table 2 and Table 3 for description of EPC and ISO TID coding.

- l e t
2.1 s
Tag identification (TID)
( ) structure o
c t b s
The 64-bit TID memory content is written by STMicroelectronics according to the ISO 15963

d u O
Technical Report in order to follow the ISO 18000 standard recommendations. XRAG2 can
-
r o
each case.
s )
be delivered with either ISO TID or EPC TID. Table 2 and Table 3 show the TID structure in

e P c t (
l e t
Table 2.

d uStructure of ISO TID

b0 b1b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9b10b11 b12 b13 b14 b15

s o 30h
r o 42 bits 3Fh

O b 20h
e P ST 2Fh

l et10h 09h Reserved 1Fh

s o 00h E0h 02h 0Fh

O b

10/33
 XRAG2 XRAG2 memory mapping

Table 3. Structure of EPC TID

b0 b1b2 b3 b4 b5b6 b7 b8 b9b10 b11 b12 b13 b14 b15
30h 32 bits
20h ST reserved
10h 7240h
00h E200h

Tag mask-identifier 007h for STMicroelectronics

Tag model number 240h for XRAG2

2.2 Initial delivery state

( s )
XRAG2 devices are delivered as follows:
c t

d u
Reserved bank, with Access and Kill passwords set to 00000000h

r o )
Protocol Control word programmed to 3000h (96 bits long EPC code)
s
EPC bank, all 00h except for PC word

e P c t (
TID bank programmed and locked as described in Section 2.1: Tag identification (TID)

structure
l e t d u
User bank, All 00h
s o r o
O b e P
- l e t
( s ) o
c t b s
d u - O
r o s )
e P c t (
l e t d u
s o r o
O b e P
l e t
s o
O b

11/33
 XRAG2 command list XRAG2

3 XRAG2 command list

The XRAG2 offers Select, Inventory, and Access commands sets as described in the
EPCglobal class 1 generation 2 UHF RFID specification, revision 1.0.9:
Select command set:
Select
Inventory command set:
Query
QueryAdjust
QueryRep
ACK
( s )
NAK
c t
Access command set:
Req_RN
d u
Read
r o s )
Write
e P c t (


Kill
Lock
l e t d u
Access
s o r o
BlockWrite
O b e P
BlockErase
- l e t
s ) o
For a detailed description of the commands, see Section 8: XRAG2 command descriptions.
(
c t b s
d u - O
r o s )
e P c t (
l e t d u
s o r o
O b e P
l e t
s o
O b

12/33
 XRAG2 Operating frequency and temperature

4 Operating frequency and temperature

The XRAG2 RF interface and voltage multiplier convert RF energy provided by the reader
into the DC power required for the XRAG2 to operate.
The XRAG2 operates in the 860MHz to 960MHz frequency range, as specified in the
EPCglobal class-1 generation-2 UHF RFID specification, revision 1.0.9.
When connected to an antenna, the operating frequency is fixed by the antennas tuning
frequency and bandwidth.

Table 4. XRAG2 operating temperature range

Parameter Symbol

( s )
Min Max Units

Operating temperature top

c t -20 55 C

u
When connected to an antenna, the operating temperature range is determined by the
d
antenna material capabilities.
r o s )
e P c t (
l e t d u
s o r o
O b e P
- l e t
( s ) o
c t b s
d u - O
r o s )
e P c t (
l e t d u
s o r o
O b e P
l e t
s o
O b

13/33
 Reader-to-tag protocol XRAG2

5 Reader-to-tag protocol

5.1 Reader-to-tag Power-Up and Power-Down

The reader power-up and power-down waveform, and timing requirements are specified in
the EPCglobal Class 1 generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9.

5.2 Reader-to-tag RF modulation

A reader can communicate with the tag by modulating the RF carrier using DSB-ASK, SSB-
ASK or PR-ASK, as specified in EPCglobal Class 1 generation 2 RFID UHF specification,
revision 1.0.9.
( s )
Figure 6. Reader-to-tag RF envelop
c t
$6.0RGXODWLRQ
d u 35$6.0RGXODWLRQ

r o s )
e P c t (
l e t d u
s o r o
O b e P
- l e t
( s ) o
c t b s
d u - O
r o s )
P
Table 5.

e c t (
RF envelop parameters(1)

l e t d u Parameter Symbol Min Typical Max Units

s o r o Modulation depth (A-B)/A 80 90 100 %

O b e P RF envelop ripple
RF envelop rise and fall time
Mh=MI
tr,10-90% and tf, 90-10%
0
0
0.05(A-B)
0.33 Tari
V/m
s

l e t1. Characterized only.

s o
O b

14/33
 XRAG2 Reader-to-tag protocol

5.3 Reader-to-tag data encoding

A reader communicates with the tag using Pulse Interval Encoding (PIE), as specified in
EPCglobal class-1 generation-2 UHF RFID specification.

Figure 7. PIE encoding

1.5Tari data-1 2.0Tari

Tari 0.5Tari x Tari

tPW

data-0

( s ) tPW

data-1

c t
d u ai12311

r o )
Pulse modulation depth, rise time, fall time, Tari, RF Pulse Width (tPW) and RF envelope are
s
e P c t (
specified in the EPCglobal Class 1 generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9.

Table 6. PIE parameters(1)

l e t d u
Parameter

s o Symbol

r o Min Max Units

RF pulse width
(3)
O b e P
tPW(2) max (2.265 Tari) 0.525 Tari s
Tari

- l e t
Tari 6.25 25 s
1. Characterized only.

( s ) o
s
2. tPW is the pulse width duration and corresponds to a negative pulse width (RF interruption period).

c t b
3. Tari is the reference time for reader-to-tag signaling, and is the duration of a 0.

u
d communication O
- start and calibration
5.4
r o
Reader-to-tag
s )
P t (
As specified in the EPCglobal Class 1 generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9,
e c
l e t d u
a reader begins signaling to the tag with a preamble or frame-sync sequence.

s o r o
A preamble sequence must precede a Query command to calibrate data rates during
communication from the reader to the tag and from the tag to the reader (see Figure 8). The

O b e P
preamble denotes the start of an inventory round. The preamble is composed of the
delimiter, RTCal and TRCAL symbols:

l e
t RTcal corresponds to the duration of a 0 and a 1. When receiving the preamble, the

s o tag computes pivot = RTCAL/2 and decodes further coming data symbol shorter than
pivot as 0, and data symbol longer than pivot as 1.

O b TRcal in addition to the Divide ratio (DR) parameter transmitted in the Query command
is used by readers to specify the tag-to-reader backscatter link frequency
data rate for FM0 tag-to-reader base band modulation: LF=DR/TRcal
data rates for Miller tag-to-reader subcarrier modulation: LF/M (M specified during
Query command)
A frame-sync sequence must precede all other signaling (see Figure 9).

15/33
 Reader-to-tag protocol XRAG2

Figure 8. Preamble timings

1 Tari 2.5Tari RTcal 3.0Tari 1.1RTcal TRcal 3RTcal

12.5s 5% tPW tPW tPW

delimiter data-0 R=>T calibration (RTcal) T=>R calibration (TRcal)

ai12312

Figure 9. Frame-sync sequence timings

1 Tari 2.5Tari RTcal 3.0Tari

12.5 s 5%

( s )
tPW tPW

c t
delimiter
u
data-0

d
R=>T calibration (RTcal)

r o s ) ai12313b

Table 7.
e P c t (
Reader to tag frame-sync and preamble timings(1)
Parameter
l e t d u Symbol Min Typ Max Tolerance Units

Delimiter
s o r o Delimiter 12.5 5% s

O b
Reader-to-tag calibration timing
e P RTcal 2.5 3 1% Tari

-
Tag-to-reader calibration timing

l e t TRcal 1.1 3 1% RTCAL

s )
1. Characterized only.

( o
c t b s
Preamble and frame-sync format and timings follow the EPCglobal Class 1 generation 2

u O
RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9.

d -
r o s )
e P c t (
l e t d u
s o r o
O b e P
l e t
s o
O b

16/33
 XRAG2 Tag-to-reader protocol

6 Tag-to-reader protocol

During answer frames, the tag backscatters data in accordance to the encoding format and
data rate chosen by the reader during the Query command starting the inventory round. The
tag backscatters data to the reader by modulating its antenna reflection coefficient.

6.1 Tag-to-reader data encoding

As specified in the EPCglobal Class 1 generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9,
the tag encodes the backscattered data as either FM0 base band (biphase space) or Miller
modulation of a subcarrier at the data rate requested by the reader.

( s )
High values represented on Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 15, and

c t
Figure 16 correspond to the tag antennas reflecting power.

6.1.1 Tag-to-reader FM0 encoding d u

r o s )
e P c t (
As specified in the EPCglobal Class 1 generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9,
Tag-to-reader FM0 modulation is chosen by the reader by setting the Subcarrier Number

l e t d u
parameter (M) to 1 in the query command starting the inventory round.

Figure 10. FM0 symbols

s o r o
O b e P
- l e t
Tpri = 1/LF Tpri = 1/LF

( s )
data 0

o
0

c t b s
u
data 1 1

d - O
r o s ) ai12314

P t (
Tag-to-reader link frequency is defined in Section 5.4: Reader-to-tag communication start
e c
l e t
and calibration.

d u
s o
6.1.2
o
Tag-to-reader FM0 preamble
r
O b P
As defined in the EPCglobal Class 1 generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9,
e
l e t
the tag can start FM0 backscattering using a 12 0's pilot tone, depending on the value of the
TRext parameter sent during the Query command that initiates the inventory round.

s o Figure 11 and Figure 12 show the two possible FM0 modulation answer preamble formats
according to the TRext parameter value.

O b Figure 11. FM0 answer preamble without pilot tone (TRext=0).

1 0 1 0 V(1) 1

ai12315

1. V = violation.

17/33
 Tag-to-reader protocol XRAG2

Figure 12. FM0 answer preamble with pilot tone (TRext=1).

12 leading zeroes (pilot tone)

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 V(1) 1

ai12316

1. V = violation.

6.1.3 Tag-to-reader FM0 end of signaling

As specified in the EPCglobal Class 1 generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9,

( s )
the tag ends transmissions with a dummy 1. Figure 13 shows the different possibilities
occurring during communications.

c t
Figure 13. Tag-to-reader FM0 end of signaling
d u
r o s )
e P c t (
l e t
0 dummy 1

d u
0 dummy 1

s o r o
O b 1

e P dummy 1 1 dummy 1

- l e t ai12317

( s ) o
6.1.4 Tag-to-reader FM0 data rate

c t b s
The Tag provides all FM0 backscattering modulation data rate specified in the EPCglobal

d u O
Class 1 generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9:
-
r o )
40 Kbps LF 640 Kbps
s
6.1.5
e P c t (
Tag-to-reader Miller-modulated subcarrier encoding

l e t d u
The tag provides tag-to-reader Miller subcarrier modulation as specified in EPCglobal Class

s o r o
1 generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9.

O b P
The tag-to-reader Miller subcarrier modulation is chosen by the reader by setting the

e
l e tSubcarrier Number parameter (M) to 2, 4 or 8 during the Query command starting the
inventory round. Figure 14 shows Miller subcarrier modulation sequence examples for M=2,

s o M=4 and M=8.

O b

18/33
 XRAG2 Tag-to-reader protocol

Figure 14. Tag-to-reader Miller subcarrier sequences

M/LF M/LF
M=2 M=4
000 000

001 001

010 010

011 011

( s )
100 100
c t
d u
101 101
r o s )
e P c t (
110

l e t 110

d u
s o r o
111

O b P
111

e
M=4
M*1/L

- l e t
000

( s ) o
c t b s
u
001

d - O
r o
010
s )
e P c t (
l e t d
011
u
s o r o
O b e P 100

l e t
s o 101

O b 110

111

ai12330b

19/33
 Tag-to-reader protocol XRAG2

6.1.6 Tag-to-reader Miller sub carrier modulation preamble

As for the FM0 base band modulation, the Tag supports the two Miller subcarrier
modulation preamble formats, according to the TRext parameter, as specified in the
EPCglobal Class 1 generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9.
Figure 15 shows Miller preamble according to the value of the TRext parameter of the Query
command starting the inventory round.

Figure 15. Tag-to-reader Miller Preamble

Miller preamble (TRext = 0)

)
M=2 M=4

4M/LF 0 1 0 1 1 1

t ( s
M=8

u c
4M/LF 0

o d 1

)
0 1 1 1

P r ( s
Miller preamble (TRext = 1)

t e c t
M=2
l e d u
16M/LF

s o r o 0 1 0 1 1 1

M=4

O b e P
- 16M/LF

l e t 0 1 0 1 1 1

M=8

( s ) o
16M/LF

c t b s 0 1 0 1 1 1

d u - O ai12331

6.1.7
r o )
Tag-to-reader Miller subcarrier modulation end of signaling
s
e P c t (
In accordance with the EPCglobal Class 1 generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision

l e t d u
1.0.9, the tag miller subcarrier modulation signaling ends with a dummy 1. Figure 16 shows
the different possible Miller subcarrier modulation end of signaling sequences.

s o r o
O b e P
l e t
s o
O b

20/33
 XRAG2 Tag-to-reader protocol

Figure 16. Tag-to-reader Miller end of signaling

Miller end of signaling
M=2

0 dummy 1 0 dummy 1

1 dummy 1 1 dummy 1
M=4

0 dummy 1 0 dummy 1

( s )
M=8
1 dummy 1

c t 1 dummy 1

d u
0 dummy 1
r o 0

s ) dummy 1

e P c t (
1 dummy 1

l e t d u 1 dummy 1

s o r o ai12332

O b e P
6.2 Tag-to-reader Miller signaling
-
data
t
rates
l e
) o
The tag supports all Miller subcarrier modulation data rates specified in the EPCglobal

( s
c t b s
Class 1 generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9:
320 Kbps Millerdatarate (M=2) 20 Kbps

d u O
160 Kbps Millerdatarate (M=4) 10 Kbps
-
r o )
80 Kbps Millerdatarate (M=8) 5 Kbps
s
e P c t (
l e t d u
s o r o
O b e P
l et
s o
O b

21/33
 Tag-to-reader communication timings XRAG2

7 Tag-to-reader communication timings

The tag complies with the reader-to-tag and tag-to-reader link timing requirements of the
EPCglobal Class 1 generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9.

Table 8. Tag-to-Reader link frequency and tolerance(1)

Divide ratio DR TRcal (s 1%) Link frequency LF (kHz)

33.3 640
33.3 < TRcal < 66.7 320 < LF < 640
66.7 320
66.7 < TRcal < 83.3
( s ) 256 < LF < 320
64/3
83.3
c t 256

d u
83.3 < TRcal 133.3 160 LF < 256

r o
133.3 < TRcal 200
s ) 107 LF < 160

P
200 < TRcal 225

e c t ( 95 LF < 107

l e t
17.2 TRcal < 25

d u 320 < LF 465

s o 25
r o 320

O b e P
25 < TRcal < 31.25 256 < LF < 320

8
- l e t
31.25 256

( s ) 31.25 < TRcal < 50

o
160< LF < 256

c t b s 50
50 < TRcal 75
160
107 LF < 160

d u - O 75 < TRcal 200 40 LF < 160

r o s )
1. Characterized only.

e P
Table 9.
c t (
Tag-to-Reader data rates(1)

l e t d u
Number of subcarrier cycles
Modulation type Data rate (kbps)

s o r o
per symbol (M)

O b e P 1 FM0 baseband LF

l e t 2
4
Miller subcarrier
Miller subcarrier
LF/2
LF/4

s o 8 Miller subcarrier LF/8

O b 1. Characterized only.

22/33
 XRAG2 XRAG2 command descriptions

8 XRAG2 command descriptions

The XRAG2 offers Select, Inventory, and Access command sets as described in EPCglobal
Class 1 generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9.

8.1 Select command set

8.1.1 Select
The XRAG2 supports the Select command as described in the EPCglobal Class 1
generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9.

( s )
and access operations.
c t
This command defines a tag population based on user-defined criteria for the next inventory

d u
Readers can use one or more Select commands to select a particular tag population before
inventory.
r o s )
e P c t (
8.2 Inventory command set
l e t d u
8.2.1 Query
s o r o
O b e P
The XRAG2 supports the Query command as described in the EPCglobal Class 1

- e t
generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9.
l
s ) o
This command initiates and specifies an inventory round. The Query command also
(
t s
specifies the tag-to-reader data rate and coding scheme (FM0 or Miller).
c b
8.2.2 QueryRep
d u - O
r o s )
The XRAG2 supports the QueryRep command as described in the EPCglobal Class 1
P t (
generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9.
e c
l e t d u
This command instructs tags participating in the inventory round to decrement their slot
counter. If slot=0 after decrementing, tag backscatters a 16-bit Random Number (RN16).

s o r o
O b
8.2.3
P
QueryAdjust
e
l e t
The XRAG2 supports the QueryAdjust command as described in the EPCglobal Class 1
generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9.

s o This command increments, decrements or leaves unchanged the number of slots in the

O b inventory round without changing any other parameter of the round.

8.2.4 ACK
The XRAG2 supports the ACK command as described in the EPCglobal Class 1 generation
2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9.
This command acknowledges a single tag in the Reply state. The tag enters the
Acknowledged state and replies by backscattering its PC, EPC and CRC16.

23/33
 XRAG2 command descriptions XRAG2

8.2.5 NAK
The XRAG2 supports the NAK command as described in the EPCglobal Class 1 generation
2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9.
This command restores tags to the Arbitrate state. Tags in Reply or Killed state remain in
the same state.
The algorithm for a single tag or multiple tag inventory is shown in Figure 17.

Figure 17. Example of an inventory round

Power up and tag not killed

s
Ready

( ) Select

Query(Q > 0)
c t
d u
start of inventory Query (Q = 0)

r o s ) QueryRep or QueryAdjust

e P c t (
Arbitrate
and tag slot_counter 0

e t
NAK if

l
EPC
d u QueryRep or QueryAdjust
and tag Slot_counter=0

s onot valid
r o
QueryRep
O b e P Reply tag backscatters RN161

or QueryAdjust
if EPC VALID,
- l e t ACK (RN161 within t2)

) o
Query (start a new round),

( s s
Select

c t b
d u - O Acknowledged tag backscatters PC, EPC and CRC16

r o s ) ai12333b

e P c t (
1. Please refer to EPCglobal Class 1 generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9 for a complete

l e t d u
description of each command and all state transition cases.

s o r o
O b e P
l e t
s o
O b

24/33
 XRAG2 XRAG2 command descriptions

Figure 18. Reader-to-tag and tag-to-reader communication timings

Carrier Wave Carrier Wave QueryRep or

Reader Select Query ACK QueryRep QueryAdjust
if EPC is valid
t4
NAK NAK is EPC
is invalid
RN16 PC + EPC + CRC16

t1 t2 t1 t2

Collided Reply No Reply Invalid ACK

Carrier Wave Carrier Wave
Reader Query QueryRep QueryRep ACK QueryRep

Collision
detected

( s ) No
Reply
No
Reply
Tag RN16

c t t3 RN16 t3

t1

d u t2 t1 t1 t2 t1
ai12334b

r o s )
Table 10.

e P c t (
Reader-to-tag and tag-to-Reader communication timings(1) (2) (3) (4)
Parameter Description

l e t
Conditions

d u Min Nominal Max

Delay between
end of Reader
s o
Measured between the

r o
last rising edge of Reader max(RTcal, 10 T ) max(RTcal, 10 Tpri)
T1(5) command and
beginning of tag
O b e P
command signaling and
the first rising edge of tag
(1_FT) 2s
pri
max (RTcal, 10 Tpri)
(1_FT) + 2s
answer.
-
reply

l e t
Delay between
( s ) o
Measured from the last

T2(6)
tag reply and
next Reader
c t s
falling edge of the last bit

b
of tag reply to the first 3.0 Tpri 20 Tpri

d
command. u - O
falling edge of reader
command signaling.

r o s )
Reader waits T1 before issuing new
T3

e P c t (
command when the tag does not reply.
0 Tpri

T4

l e t d u
Minimum time between reader command 2.0 RTcal

o
1. Tpri = 1/ LF, denotes either the period of an FM0 symbol or a single Miller subcarrier.

s r o
2. Characterized only.

O b P
3. If a Reader issues a new command during an tag reply, it does not demodulate the command.

e
l e t
4. See EPCglobal Class 1 generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9 for more detailed information.
5. FT is the tag-to-reader link frequency tolerance.

s o
6. maximum value of T2 only applies on tags in Reply or Acknowledged state. In this case, if T2 expires:
without receiving a valid command, the tag returns to the Arbitrate state

O b during the reception of a valid command, the tag executes the command
during the reception of an invalid command, the tag returns to the Arbitrate state upon determining that the command is
invalid
In all other states, the maximum value of T2 does not apply.

25/33
 XRAG2 command descriptions XRAG2

8.3 Access command set

The set of access commands comprises Req_RN, Access, Read, Write, BlockWrite,
BlockErase, Kill and Lock.
As described in the EPCglobal Class 1 generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9,
the XRAG2 executes Req_RN from the Acknowledged, Open, or Secured states.
The XRAG2 executes Read, Write, BlockWrite and BlockErase instructions from the
Secured state. If allowed by the lock status of the addressed location, the Read, Write,
BlockWrite and BlockErase instructions can be executed from the Open state.
The XRAG2 executes the Kill and Access commands from the Open or Secured states.
The XRAG2 executes the Lock command only from the Secured state.

( s )
8.3.1 Req_RN
c t
d u
The XRAG2 supports the Req_RN command as described in the EPCglobal Class 1
generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9.

r o s )
The Req_RN command instructs the tag in Acknowledged, Open or Secured state to
P t (
backscatter a new RN16. If the tag is in the Acknowledged state, the new RN16 becomes
e c
l e t d u
the handle of the tag for all subsequent access commands. The handle is a tag identification
number used for subsequent access commands. If the tag is in the Open or Secured state,

o o
a new RN16 is backscattered without changing the tag handle.
s r
8.3.2 Access
O b e P
- l e t
The XRAG2 supports the Access command as described in the EPCglobal Class 1

s ) o
generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9.
(
c t b s
The Access command allows the reader to put tags with non-zero access passwords in the

u
Secured state.
d - O
8.3.3 Read
r o s )
e P c t (
The XRAG2 supports the Read command as described in the EPCglobal Class 1

l e t d u
generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9.

s o r o
The Read command allows the reader to read a part or all of the tag Reserved, EPC, TID or
User memory banks.

O b e P
8.3.4
l e t
Write

s o The XRAG2 supports the Write command as described in the EPCglobal Class 1 generation
2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9.

O b The Write command allows the reader to write a 16-bit word into the Reserved, EPC, or
User memory bank. The 16-bit data word is cover-coded by the reader during the Write
command using a new RN16 number generated using a Req_RN instruction before each
Write command. The Write cycle executes an auto-erase cycle before word programming.
After completion of the Write operation, the XRAG2 backscatters a single bit header (0b), its
handle and a CRC16 within tWRITE. The XRAG2 backscatters the non-specific error code
0Fh within tWRITE if an error is encountered during the transmission of the Write command.
The duration of the Write cycle tWRITE is specified in Table 11.

26/33
 XRAG2 XRAG2 command descriptions

8.3.5 BlockWrite
The XRAG2 supports the BlockWrite command as described in the EPCglobal Class 1
generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9.
The BlockWrite command allows the reader to program blocks of multiple 16-bit words (up
to 4 words) into the Reserved, EPC, and User memory banks in a single operation. Prior to
a BlockWrite operation, the block must be erased using a BlockErase command. If not, the
current data is ORed with new data sent during the BlockWrite command.
After completion of the BlockWrite operation, the XRAG2 backscatters a single bit header
(0b), its handle and a CRC16 within tBLOCKWRITE. The XRAG2 backscatters the non-specific
error code 0Fh within tBLOCKWRITE if an error is encountered during the transmission of the
BlockWrite command.
The duration of the BlockWrite cycle tBLOCKWRITE is specified in Table 11.

( s )
8.3.6 BlockErase
c t
u
The XRAG2 supports the Block Erase command as described in the EPCglobal Class 1
d
r o
generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9.

s )
e P c t (
The BlockErase command allows the reader to erase blocks of multiple 16-bit words (up to
the complete memory bank) into the Reserved, EPC, or User memory banks in a single
operation.
l e t d u
After completion of the BlockErase operation, XRAG2 backscatters a single bit header (0b),

s o r o
its Handle and a CRC16 within tBLOCKERASE. XRAG2 backscatters the non specific error

BlockErase command.
O b e P
code 0Fh within tBLOCKERASE if an error is encountered during the sending of the

- t
The duration of the BlockErase cycle tBLOCKERASE is specified in Table 11.
l e
( s ) o
8.3.7 Kill
c t b s
d u - O
The XRAG2 supports the KILL command as described in the EPCglobal Class 1 generation
2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9.

r o s )
The Kill command allows readers to permanently disable a tag.

e P c t (
8.3.8
l e t
Lock

d u
s o r o
The XRAG2 supports the Lock command as described in the EPCglobal Class 1 generation
2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9.

O b P
The Lock command allows the reader to lock individual passwords and memory banks
e
l e t
thereby preventing or allowing subsequent writes and/or reads of these passwords and
memory banks. The status of the passwords and memory banks can be permanently locked

s o (permalocked).

O b Table 11. XRAG2 Write, BlockWrite and BlockErase parameters(1)

Parameter Description Min Max Unit

tWRITE Write cycle time 20 ms

tBLOCKWRITE BlockWrite cycle time 20 ms
tBLOCKERASE BlockErase cycle time 20 ms
1. Characterized only.

27/33
 XRAG2 command descriptions XRAG2

Figure 19. Access command state diagram

Acknowledged
ACK
Req_RN(RN161) and access_password=0

Req_RN(RN161) and
access_password 0

Tag backscatters ACK, (handle), Req_RN, Read, Write,

RN162 = Handle Open
Lock, BlockWrite, BlockErase,
invalid Kill(1)

Access (Handle,

)
access_password)

Tag backscatters Secured

t ( s
ACK, (handle), Req_RN, Read, Write,

c
RN162 = Handle Lock, BlockWrite, BlockErase,
invalid Kill(1)

Kill (Handle, kill password 0)

d u
r o s )
Tag backscatters

e P Killed

c t (
All commands

t
Handle when done

l e
Power up and Killed
d u
s o r o
P
ai12333b

O b e
1. Please refer to EPCglobal Class 1 generation 2 RFID UHF specification, revision 1.0.9 for a complete

- t
description of each command, state transition cases, and tag reply.

l e
( s ) o
c t b s
d u - O
r o s )
e P c t (
l e t d u
s o r o
O b e P
l e t
s o
O b

28/33
 XRAG2 XRAG2 impedance parameters

9 XRAG2 impedance parameters

The XRAG2 provides the parameters specified in tables 12 and 13. The equivalent
impedance model for measurement is based on a resistance and a capacitance connected
in series with the external antenna.

Table 12. XRAG2 parameters

Symbol Description Conditions Min Max Unit

15 25 C
TSTG Storage temperature Wafer
23 months

VESD Electrostatic discharge voltage(1)

Machine model 100 +100
( sV)
Human body model 2000 +2000

c t V
1. Mil. Std. 883 - Method 3015.

d u
Table 13. XRAG2 impedance parameters
r o s)
Equivalent serial Model (see Figure 20)

t e P c t(
Measurement conditions

l e
T= +25 C, regulated internal VDD = 1.45 V
d u
o
Typical value characterized only.
s r o
Fc = 915 MHz, Rs = 10 , Xs = 245

O b e P
-
Figure 20. XRAG2 input impedance, equivalent serial circuit
le t
( s ) o
s
AC

c t b
du O RS

r o )
Zeq
-
P ( s XS

t e ct
e du
AC

l Zeq = RS + j . XS

so r o ai12338

O b e P
l et
s o
O b

29/33
 Package mechanical data XRAG2

10 Package mechanical data

Figure 21. UFDFPN6 (MLP6) 6-lead ultra thin fine pitch dual flat package no lead
1.8 x 2 mm, package outline
D
D2
L

E E2
PIN 1
K
6

( s )
e

c t b
A
A1

d u
r o s ) ddd

e P c t ( J5-ME

l e t
1. Drawing is not to scale. Preliminary data.

d u
Table 14.
o o
UFDFPN6 (MLP6) - 8-lead ultra thin fine pitch dual flat package no lead
s r
1.8 x 2 mm, package mechanical data(1)

O b e P
millimeters inches(2)
Symbol
- l e t
( s )
Typ

o
Min Max Typ Min Max

A
A1
c t
0.55
0.02
b s 0.45
0
0.6
0.05
0.022
0.001
0.018
0
0.024
0.002
b
d u -
0.2 O 0.15 0.25 0.008 0.006 0.01

rD
o s )
1.8 1.7 1.9 0.071 0.067 0.075

e P D2

c t ( 1.3 1.2 1.4 0.051 0.047 0.055

l e t ddd
E
d u 2 1.9
0.08
2.1 0.079 0.075
0.003
0.083

s o r
E2o 0.95 0.85 1.05 0.037 0.033 0.041

O b e P e 0.5 - - 0.02 - -

l e t K 0.2 0.008

s o L 0.25 0.2 0.3 0.01 0.008 0.012

O b X
1. Preliminary data.
0.2

2. Values in inches are converted from mm and rounded to 4 decimal digits.

0.008

30/33
 XRAG2 Part numbering

11 Part numbering

Table 15. Ordering information scheme

Example: XRAG2 - W4I / 1GE

Device type
XRAG2

Delivery form

s )
MATG = UFDFPN6 (MLP6) 1.8 2 mm, tape & reel packing, ECOPACK
(
and RoHS compliant, Sb2O3-free and TBBA-free((1)

c t
W4I = 180 m 15 m unsawn inkless wafer

d u
r o
SBN18I = 180 m 15 m bumped and sawn inkless wafer on 8 inch frame

s )
Customer code
e P c t (
1GE = EPC TID
l e t d u
1GI = ISO TID
s o r o
1. Preliminary data.

O b e P
- t
For a list of the available options, please see the current memory shortform catalog.

l e
s ) o
For further information on any aspect of this device, please contact your nearest ST sales
(
office.

c t b s
d u - O
r o s )
e P c t (
l e t d u
s o r o
O b e P
l e t
s o
O b

31/33
 Revision history XRAG2

12 Revision history

Table 16. Document revision history

Date Revision Changes

14-Apr-2006 1 Initial release.

10-Oct-2006 2 End of design phase.
12-Oct-2006 3 XS value corrected in Table 13: XRAG2 impedance parameters.
Document status promoted from Preliminary Data to full
11-Dec-2006 4
Datasheet.

s )
Figure 9: Frame-sync sequence timings modified.

(
15-Nov-2007 5 t
Unit of tag-to-reader calibration timing corrected in Table 7:

c
Reader to tag frame-sync and preamble timings.

d u
Figure 14: Tag-to-reader Miller subcarrier sequences modified.

o
Small text changes.
r s )
P
Small text changes.

c t (
Figure 4: Four bank memory organization (EPC_length 9d),
e
07-Apr-2008 6
t u
memory map corrected.

l e d
UFDFPN6 (MLP6) package added (seeSection 10: Package

s o r o
mechanical data and Figure 3: UFDFPN connections).

O b e P
- l e t
( s ) o
c t b s
d u - O
r o s )
e P c t (
l e t d u
s o r o
O b e P
l e t
s o
O b

32/33
 XRAG2

s )
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c t
d u
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r o s )
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