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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_handling
Human intelligence
Sometimes, agent handling is done indirectly, through "principal agents" that serve as proxies
for case officers. It is not uncommon, for example, for a case officer to manage a number of
principal agents, who in turn handle agent networks, which are preferably organized in a
cellular fashion. In such a case, the principal agent can serve as a "cut-out" for the case
officer, buffering him or her from direct contact with the agent network.
Utilizing a principal agent as a cut-out, and ensuring that the human agent network is
organized in a cellular fashion, can provide some protection for other agents in the network,
as well as for the principal agent, and for the case officer in the event that an agent in the
network is compromised. Assuming that standard principles of intelligence tradecraft have
been strictly observed by the principal agent and the agents in the network, compromised
agents will not be able to identify the case officer, nor the other members of the network.
Ideally, agents may work side by side in the same office, and conduct their clandestine
collection activities with such discipline, that they will not realize that they are both engaged
in espionage, much less members of the same network.
Since an agent can sometimes identify his or her principal agent, however, or reveal
information under interrogation that can lead to the identification of a principal agent, the
protection provided by cellular network organization can be time-sensitive.
If principles of intelligence tradecraft have not been strictly observed, it is also possible that
compromised agents can reveal information that exposes other members of the network. In
the real world of espionage, human lapses are very much the norm, and violations of the
principles of tradecraft are common.[citation needed] It is for this reason that agents are ideally
trained to resist interrogation for a defined period of time.
If an agent is able to resist interrogation for a defined period of time, the odds that other
members of the network can be alerted to the compromise improve.
Case officer
The identification of potential agents is termed "agent spotting" (also termed "talent
spotting"). Identifying potential agents, and investigating the details of their personal and
professional lives, involves the granular verification of their bona fides. Such activities can
include uncovering personal details that leave potential agents vulnerable to coercion,
blackmail, or other inducements, such as sexual approaches.
Approaches to potential agents can be multitudinous and considerable time can pass before
the potential agent is maneuvered into a position where a recruitment "pitch" can be
hazarded.
Training