Anaerobic Process Schematic of Hydrolysis, Fermentation, and Methanogenesis

Theoretical
Stages
LIPIDS POLYSACCHARIDES PROTEIN NUCLEIC ACIDS
Hydrolysis

FATTY ACIDS MONOSACCHARIDES AMINO ACIDS PURINES & PYRIMIDINES SIMPLE AROMATICS
Fermentation (acidogenesis)

Other fermentation products

(e.g., Propionate, Butyrate,
Succinate, Lactate, ethanol, etc.)

Methanogenic substrates H2, CO2,

formate, methanol, methylamines,
acetate
Methanogenesis

Methane + carbon dioxide

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from: G. Tchobanoglous, F. L. Burton, and H. D. Stensel. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment

and Reuse. 4th ed. Metcalf & Eddy Inc., New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2003, 631.
 100

80

H2S S=
60
Percentage

40

20
HS-

0
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
pH

Variation of the proportions of hydrogen sulphide, bisulphide and sulphide with pH in aqueous solutions.

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from: Mara, D. Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries. London, UK:
Earthscan, 2003, p. 107.
 Diurnal Variation of Dissolved Oxygen in a Facultative Pond

15
DO Concentration (mg/l)

10

0
0400 1000 1600 2200 0400

TIME (h)

Top 200 mm of pound 800 mm below surface

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from: Mara, D. Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries. London, UK:
Earthscan, 2003, p. 115.
 DIURNAL VARIATION IN FACULTATIVE POND EFFLUENT QUALITY

9.5 20.0 Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l)

9.0 30
15.0

Temperature (oC)
Temperature
8.5 28
pH

10.0
8.0 pH 26
5.0
7.5 24
7.0 0 22

Ammonia (mg/l)
Total and Soluble P (mg/l)

10.0 30.0

8.0 20.0
Ammonia
Total Phosphorus 10.0
6.0

4.0

2.0
Soluble Phosphorus
0.0

Suspended Solids (mg/l)

BOD5 (mg/l)

150 600
Suspended
100 Solids 400
BODS
50 200

0 0
10,000
Faecal Coliforms (log cells/100ml)
Chlorophyl a (g/l)

Faecal Coliforms
8000 6.50

6000 6.00

4000 5.50
Chlorophyll a
2000 5.00

0 4.50
08.00 14.00 20.00 02.00 08.00
Time of Day (hr)

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from: Mara, D. Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries. London, UK:
Earthscan, 2003, p. 122.
 Thirumurthi Chart for the Wehner-Wilhelm Equation

2
4
7 0.5

COM
Dimensionless Product (k1) Ktres

PLE
1

TE M
IXIN
5 0.1

G
0.25

3 PLU
GF
LO
W

2 5 10 20 40
BOD Remaining (Percentage)
(Note: The numbers adjacent to each curve are the corresponding dispersion numbers.)

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from: Mara, D. Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries. London, UK:
Earthscan, 2003, p. 62.