MINERAL DEPOSITS

STUDENTS:
CATACORA QUISPE, ALDO VLADIMIR 2013103069
CHVEZ ANCO, LUCERO YOSSELIN 2013103032
PLATERO SOSA, ALEXANDER DAVID 2014103070
MAMANI CRUZ, KEWIND JHON 2013103045
ARPITA CHURA, JOAN ROBERT 2015103004
ARCE CONDORI, JUAN YOEL 2015303025
QUEA CONDORI, LUIS FERNANDO 2014103051
HUANCA DUEAS, DANIEL 2014103024
RAMOS APAZA, ELIO GONDER 2014103043
VILLANUEVA ZEBALLOS, LUIS ANGEL 2015103012

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Course: Mineral deposits
Teacher: Ing. Jos Salas Medina
 MINERAL DEPOSITS

INDEX
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 3

DEFINITION .............................................................................................................................. 4

ORIGIN ..................................................................................................................................... 5

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS ...................................................................................................... 6

MODEL OF ALTERATION AND MINERALIZATION OF PORPHYRY OF CU........................................ 7

CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................ 9

BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................................... 9

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Course: Mineral deposits
Teacher: Ing. Jos Salas Medina
 MINERAL DEPOSITS

INTRODUCTION

This paper provides the student a knowledge of what is hydrothermal alteration. Important for
professionals involved in the research, exploration of mineral and chemical substances.

Type porphyry copper systems are the main known source of copper and molybdenum, with several
notable cases that exceed the 1000 Mt of mineral with grades of copper up 0.5% (Richards, 2003).
This has promoted a sustained interest in mining companies and universities to understand the
origin and evolution of these deposits, which are reflected in a continuous evaluation of the State
of the art in this respect.

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Course: Mineral deposits
Teacher: Ing. Jos Salas Medina
 MINERAL DEPOSITS

DEFINITION
Copper porphyries are large-tonnage (106-109 TM) deposits and low copper (0.2-c.2%Cu) laws.
Apart from copper, these sites may have varying amounts of molybdenum or precious metals
(Au+Ag), that can be recovered economically. Are they associated with intrusive rocks are usually of
composition granodioritica, although porphyry of the SW Pacific (developed in arcos de Islands) tend
to be associated with intermediate facies (intrusive dioriticos). They have a zonal model of
hydrothermal alteration with a core of potassic alteration (K-feldspar, biotite, Harrow out towards
an alteration phyllic (quartz-sericitic).) We find more peripherally facies argilicas (intermediate or
advanced) and propylitic (with chlorite, epidote, and calcite). The altered sequence is as follows:

1) Formation of zones of propylitic and potassic alteration.

2) Development of alteration phyllic (towards outside and above).

3) Formation of facies of argillic alteration in the upper part of the system.

Model idealized of the evolutionary development of hydrothermal alteration in porphyry

copper deposits

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Course: Mineral deposits
Teacher: Ing. Jos Salas Medina
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ORIGIN

Cu-(Mo) deposits arise when water-poor magma nears the surface of the Earth's crust without over
crystallization degree. This body of magma can form texture composition from granodiorite or
rhyodacite and porphyry dikes. These dikes may alcazar the surface, forming volcanoes. Finding
themselves near the surface, magma body is saturated in magmatic water in the early stages of
crystallization. Exsuelta magmatic water has chlorine (Cl-) anions, which causes the magma copper
extraction to magmatic water. This water is which then deposited copper.

It is thought deposits type Mo-(Cu), rich in molybdenum, due from magma richer in water but similar
to the Cu-(Mo). This magma is would deadlock to deeper levels that which gives rise to deposits Cu-
(Mo) and would require a greater degree of crystallization fractionated to saturate in agua.4 after a
saturated in water molybdenum concentrates on ella.5 copper instead not concentrate so to water
already part of copper already has been isolated from the system in crystals by fractional
crystallization.

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Course: Mineral deposits
Teacher: Ing. Jos Salas Medina
 MINERAL DEPOSITS

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
Deposits of porphyry can be subdivided into different types, whereas their metal
content.

Cu-Mo
Cu-Au
Cu
Au
Mo

In general, Cu or Au-rich porphyry are associated with intrusive derived by fractional

crystallization of magmas mafic caused partial melting of the mantle.
In convergent margins of plates (Islands arcs and active continental margins).
The molybdenum porphyry are associated with intrusions are
These derived magmas with an important component of the continental crust re-
fundida.
Porphyry deposits are related to genetic and spatially are igneous intrusions.
usually there are several bodies of intrusive rocks, located in several pulses and the
copper porphyry are associated frequently with swarms of dikes and gaps.
Box intruding by porphyry rocks can be of any type.
The intrusive, both box rocks typically show a strong fracturing and pervasive.
For mineralization condition = > rock guest rigid (or fragile) from the structural point of view.
The mineralization and alteration can occur both in intrusive rocks in box.

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Course: Mineral deposits
Teacher: Ing. Jos Salas Medina
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MODEL OF ALTERATION AND MINERALIZATION

OF PORPHYRY OF CU

Illustrated model of a type porphyry copper deposit. (A) cross-section Schematic of minerals and hydrothermal
dealteracin types, which include propylitic, phyllic, argillic, and potassium. (B) schematic cross section of
menas associated with each type of alteration.

Core of the mineralized system = > more intense hydrothermal alteration = > potassium (K
added).

Biotite, potassium feldspar and quartz.

Predominance of potassium feldspar and biotite = > availability of Fe or Mn in altered rocks

or the hydrothermal fluid.

Rocks more mafic = > domain of biotite, most are rocks = > domain of potassium feldspar.

The potassic zone Harrow out to an area phyllic containing quartz and Muscovite, usually in
a variety of fine grain called sericite phase intermediate between illite and Muscovite.

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Course: Mineral deposits
Teacher: Ing. Jos Salas Medina
 MINERAL DEPOSITS

The phyllic area passes out to an area argillic

where clay and quartz minerals develop.

The outermost hydrothermal alteration

corresponds to the area of propylitic containing
chlorite, epidote and carbonate, which tier out
unaltered or fresh rocks.

Usually mineralization presents a core of low

grade containing disseminated pyrite which tier
out in an area of mena.

In the mena area arise veinlets and dissemination

of pyrite with subordinate chalcopyrite (copper
ore) and molybdenite (molybdenum ore).

It is frequent the development of an area of

external pyrite which goes out to unmineralized
rock.

Mena in the copper porphyry zone usually occurs

within the nucleus of potassic alteration and may
be extended within the phyllic area.

Frequently in the innermost sector presents a

greater proportion of sulphide rich in copper as
bornite, gradando out to a higher proportion of
chalcopyrite, to finally in the outer-most sector
present only sulfides of fe (pyrite).

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Course: Mineral deposits
Teacher: Ing. Jos Salas Medina
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CONCLUSION
Taught knowledge teaches us which important is the formation of porphyry, in hydrothermal
alterations that occurred with the passing of the years contributes it to this

The copper porphyry present varied metal and lithological characteristics, and in general, each case
presents its own complexity.

There is an inverse relationship between age and its importance (size and law) between copper
porphyry deposits.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.pepeline.cl/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/MN632_05_2015.pdf
http://www.proexplo.com.pe/2013/programa/cursos_cortos/Yacimientos%20y%20Met
alogenia/DEPOSITOS%20TIPO%20PORFIDO.pdf
http://www.geovirtual2.cl/depos/02porfcu01.htm

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Course: Mineral deposits
Teacher: Ing. Jos Salas Medina