FOR INFORMATION ONLY

DESIGN CALCULATION
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VERTICAL LOADING CALCULATION ON

PIPE PROTECTION OF WATER

RETICULATION PIPELINES

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KTMB Station (Subang Jaya)

5th March 2015

 FOR INFORMATION ONLY

Vertical Loading Calculation (Mass Concrete Surround)

DESIGN OF EARTH (DEAD LOADS)

Concrete pipe will be installed in the trenched condition. The resulting earth load is equal to the weight
of the soil within the trench minus the shearing (frictional) forces on the sides of the trench. Since the
new installed backfill material will settle more than the existing soil on the sides of the trench, the
friction along the trench walls will relieve the pipe of some of its soil burden. The Vertical Arching
Factor will account for this. The backfill load on pipe installed in a trench condition is computed by the
equation:

Wd = CdwBd2 + wDo2(4-)/8

where: Cd = soil shear factor = 0.3947 for ordinary clay

w = soil unit weight = 110 lbs/ft3 for ordinary clay
Bd = width of trench = 4.76ft
Do = outer diameter of 450mm concrete pipe sleeve = 1.69 ft

Thus, Wd = 0.3947(110)(3.12)2 + 110(1.69)2(4- )/8

= 56 lb/ft
= 6.51kN/m.

For a 600mm long pipe encasement, Wd = 6.51/0.6 = 10.85kN/m2 = 0.0109N/mm2.

DESIGN OF VEHICULAR LOADS

The below calculation is based on Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, BD31/01, an adaptation of
the British Standard.

Vehicular Loads

1. All wheel loads shall be assumed to be uniformly distributed to the ground level over a contact area,
circular or square in shape, based on an effective pressure of 1.1N/mm2 (approx. for 20 ton lorry.)
2. Dispersion may be assumed to occur from the limits of the contact area (wheel) at ground level to
the level of the slope of 2:1. Where the dispersion zones of the individual wheels overlap, they may
be combined and distributed.
 FOR INFORMATION ONLY

Calculation

By calculation, it can be shown that the dispersion zones overlap through the compacted sand, and
produces a uniform load on the mass concrete top surface. The distributed load is taken as Fd =
1.1N/mm2.

CONCLUSION:

Total load acting on pipe, FTOTAL = Wd + Fd = 0.0109 + 1.1 = 1.11N/mm2. Grade 15 mass concrete has a
strength, Gr15 of 15N/mm2.

Thus, Gr15 > WTOTAL . Therefore the mass concrete protection is sufficient.
 FOR INFORMATION ONLY

Vertical Loading Calculation (RC Pipe Sleeves)

DESIGN OF EARTH (DEAD LOADS)

Concrete pipe will be installed in the trenched condition. The resulting earth load is equal to the weight
of the soil within the trench minus the shearing (frictional) forces on the sides of the trench. Since the
new installed backfill material will settle more than the existing soil on the sides of the trench, the
friction along the trench walls will relieve the pipe of some of its soil burden. The Vertical Arching
Factor will account for this. The backfill load on pipe installed in a trench condition is computed by the
equation:

Wd = CdwBd2 + wDo2(4-)/8

where: Cd = soil shear factor = 0.3947 for ordinary clay

w = soil unit weight = 110 lbs/ft3 for ordinary clay
Bd = width of trench = 4.76ft
Do = outer diameter of 450mm concrete pipe sleeve = 1.69 ft

Thus, Wd = 0.3947(110)(3.12)2 + 110(1.69)2(4- )/8

= 456 lb/ft
= 6.51 kN/m.
 FOR INFORMATION ONLY

DESIGN OF VEHICULAR LOADS

The below calculation is based on Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, BD31/01, an adaptation of
the British Standard.

Vehicular Loads

1. All wheel loads shall be assumed to be uniformly distributed to the ground level over a contact area,
circular or square in shape, based on a vertical point load of 100kN (approx. for 20 ton lorry.)
2. Dispersion may be assumed to occur from the limits of the contact area (wheel) at ground level to
the level of the slope of 2:1. Where the dispersion zones of the individual wheels overlap, they may
be combined and distributed.
3. Lorry has a tyre surface/contact area of 320mm x 320mm.
 FOR INFORMATION ONLY

Calculation

Based on the minimum strength given in Appendix 1, the compressive strength of the RC pipe is
52kN/m. We thus assume the design strength, RC = 52kN/m. Existing earth load of 6.51kN/m will be
deducted from the design strength. Since a 100kN point load acts over the length of the pipe, the
effective length, L3 of the pipe on which the load acts is calculated from:

L3 = Point Load / RC = 100/(52-6.51) = 2.2m = ~2200mm.

The depth of the soil cover, H may be determined from the 2:1 dispersion prism and 1 dimension of the
tyre contact area, L1:

L3 = L1 + 2(1/2H)
2200 = 320 + H
H = 1880mm.

CONCLUSION:

When pipe cover, H = 1880mm, the protection provided by the RC pipe sleeve is sufficient.
 FOR INFORMATION ONLY

Appendix 1

Note: Please see Class H for 450mm dia. RC pipe

 FOR INFORMATION ONLY

Appendix 2

Isometric Arrangement of Pipes