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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA

Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

GENERAL PROBLEM SOLVING STEPS

Questions in the Quantitative Reasoning measure ask you to model and solve problems using
quantitative, or mathematical, methods. Generally, there are three basic steps in solving a mathematics
problem:

Here is a description of the three steps, followed by a list of useful strategies for solving mathematics
problems.

Step 1: Understand the Problem

The first step is to read the statement of the problem carefully to make sure you understand the
information given and the problem you are being asked to solve.
Some information may describe certain quantities. Quantitative information may be given in words or
mathematical expressions, or a combination of both. Also, in some problems you may need to read and
understand quantitative information in data presentations, geometric figures, or coordinate systems. Other
information may take the form of formulas, definitions, or conditions that must be satisfied by the quantities.
For example, the conditions may be equations or inequalities, or may be words that can be translated into
equations or inequalities.
In addition to understanding the information you are given, it is important to understand what you need to
accomplish in order to solve the problem. For example, what unknown quantities must be found? In what
form must they be expressed?

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Step 2: Carry Out a Strategy for Solving the Problem

Solving a mathematics problem requires more than understanding a description of the problem, that
is, more than understanding the quantities, the data, the conditions, the unknowns, and all other mathematical
facts related to the problem. It requires determining what mathematical facts to use and when and how to use
those facts to develop a solution to the problem. It requires a strategy.
Mathematics problems are solved by using a wide variety of strategies. Also, there may be different ways to
solve a given problem. Therefore, you should develop a repertoire of problem-solving strategies, as well as a
sense of which strategies are likely to work best in solving particular problems. Attempting to solve a problem
without a strategy may lead to a lot of work without producing a correct solution.
After you determine a strategy, you must carry it out. If you get stuck, check your work to see if you made an
error in your solution. It is important to have a flexible, open mind-set. If you check your solution and cannot
find an error or if your solution strategy is simply not working, look for a different strategy.

Step 3: Check Your Answer

When you arrive at an answer, you should check that it is reasonable and computationally correct.

Have you answered the question that was asked?


Is your answer reasonable in the context of the question? Checking that an answer is reasonable can be as
simple as recalling a basic mathematical fact and checking whether your answer is consistent with that
fact.
Did you make a computational mistake in arriving at your answer? A key-entry error using the calculator?
You can check for errors in each step in your solution. Or you may be able to check directly that your
solution is correct.

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

STRATEGY 1 : LOOK FOR A PATTERN

Looking for a pattern is strategy that you can use to solve problems. The goal is to look for items or
numbers that are repeated or a series of events that repeat. The following problem can be solved by
finding a pattern.

Problem No. 1

Freddie the Frog is at the bottom of a 21-foot


well. Each day he jumps up 5 feet, but then, during
the night, he slides back down 2 feet. How many days
will it take Freddie to get to the top and out?

a. Understand the Problem:


Freddie the frog is at the bottom of a 21-foot well.
He jumps up 5 feet each day, but slides back down 2 feet during the night.
How many days will it take Freddie to get to the top and out?

b. Do: Solution
Number of jumps
Day 1 5-2 =3
Day 2 3+5-2 =6
Day 3 6+5-2 =9
Day 4 9+5-2 = 12
Day 5 12+5-2 =15
Day 6 15+5-2 =18
Day 7 18+5- =21

It takes 7 days for Freddie to get to the top.

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 2

The following figures were formed using matchsticks.


How many match sticks will be used in the eight square?
a. How many triangles are there if the figure in
the series has 9 squares?
b. How many matchsticks would be used in the
figure in the series with 11 squares?
c. How many matchsticks would be used in the
figure in the series with 11 squares?

a. Understand the problem:


How many match sticks will be used in the eight square?
b. Do: Solution
a.
Number of squares 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Number of triangles 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Number of match sticks 12 19 26 33 40 47 54 61

b) The pattern is +2 for each additional square.


18 + 2 = 20
If the figure in the series has 9 squares, there would be 20 triangles.
c) The pattern is + 7 for each additional square
61 + (3 x 7) = 82
If the Figure in the series has 11 squares, there would be 82 matchsticks

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 3

A group of businessmen were at a networking meeting. Each


businessman exchanged his business card with every other
businessman who was present.

a) If there were 16 businessmen, how many business cards


were exchanged?

b) If there was a total of 380 business cards exchanged, how


many businessmen were at the meeting?

a. Understand the problem:


16 businessmen
how many business cards were exchanged?
total of 380 business cards exchanged
how many businessmen were at the meeting?

b. Solution:
a) 15 + 14 + 13 + 12 + 11 + 10 + 9 + 8 + 7 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 120 exchanges
120 2 = 240 business cards
If there were 16 businessmen, 240 business cards were exchanged.

b) 380 2 = 190
190 = (19 20) 2 = 19 + 18 + 17 + + 3 + 2 + 1
If there was a total of 380 business cards exchanged, there were 20 businessmen at the
meeting.

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 4

In the figure, a pinball is released at A.

How many paths are there for it to drop


from A to E?

1. Understand the problem:


How many paths are there for it to drop from A to E?
2. Solution:

A to B 2 2
B to C 2x3 6
A to C 2x6 12
C to D 70 70
A to D 70 x 12 840
D to E 2 2
A to E 2 x 840 1680

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 5

Gab receives his P1000 allowance. He has P500


and P100 and P50 bills on his hands. How
many of each kind of bills does he receive?

a. Understand the problem:


Gab has P1000;
P500, P100 and P50 on his hand.
How many P500, P100 and P100 bill he have?

b. Solution:

P500 P100 P50 TOTAL


1 2 3 500+200+150 850
1 2 4 500+200+200 900
1 3 5 500+300+250 1050
1 3 4 500+300+200 1000

Therefore, Gab has a P500 peso bill, 3 pieces of P100 peso bill and 4 pieces of P50 peso bill that makes it
1000 pesos

Checking:

500 (1) + 100 (3) + 50 (4) = 1000

500 + 300 + 200 = 1000

1000 = 1000 , therefore, it is correct

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 6

a. Each hexagon below is surrounded by 12 dots.


a) Find the number of dots for a pattern with 6
hexagons in the first column.
b) Find the pattern of hexagons with 229 dots.

a. Understand the problem:


Hexagon has 12 dots
Dots for a pattern with 6 hexagons
hexagon with 229 dots

b. Solution:
st
1 pattern Total dots
column
1 12 12
2 12+16 28
3 12+16 + 21 49
4 12+16 + 21 + 26 75
5 12+16 + 21 + 26 + 31 106
6 12+16 + 21 + 26 + 31 + 36 142
7 12+16 + 21 + 26 + 31 + 36 + 41 183
8 12+16 + 21 + 26 + 31 + 36 + 41 + 46 229

a) The number of dots for a pattern with 6 hexagons in the first column is 142
b) If there are 229 dots then the pattern has 8 hexagons in the first column.
Cheking:

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 7

There are 1000 lockers in a high school with 1000


students. The first student opens all 1000 lockers; next,
the second student closes lockers 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and so
on up to locker 1000; the third student changes the
state (opens lockers that are closed, closes lockers that
are open) of lockers 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and so on; the
fourth student changes the state of lockers 4, 8, 12, 16,
and so on. This continues until every student has had
a turn. How many lockers will be open at the end?

a. Understand the problem:


1000 lockers in a high school with 1000 students
1st student opens all 1000 lockers
2nd student closes lockers 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10.
3rd student of lockers 3, 6, 9, 12, 15,
4th student - state of lockers 4, 8, 12, 16, and so on .
How many lockers will be open at end ?
b. Solution:
One thing we can do is to let the first 10 students go do their open/
shut thing with the lockers. The students who come after them are not
going to touch lockers 1-10, so we can see which ones in that first
batch are still open and try to guess the pattern.

When we do that, we find that lockers 1, 4, and 9 are open and the
others are closed. Now, that isn't much to go on, so maybe you could
let the next 10 students go do their thing. Then the first 20 lockers
are through being touched, and we find that lockers 1, 4, 9, and 16
are the only ones in the first 20 that are still open.

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Let's take any old locker, like 48 for example. It gets its state
altered once for every student whose number in line is an exact
divisor of 48. Here is a table of what I mean:

This Leaves
students locker
48
1 Open
2 Shut
3 Open
4 Shut
6 Open
8 Shut
12 Open
16 Shut
24 Open
48 Shut

Checking:

Notice that 48 has an even number (ten) of divisors, namely


1,2,3,4,6,8,12,16,24,48. So the locker goes open-shut-open-shut ...
and ends up shut. Any locker number that has an even number of
divisors will end up shut.

Which numbers have an odd number of divisors? That's the answer to


this problem. Just to help you along, here are the locker numbers up
to 100 that are left open:

1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100.

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 8

You arrange tennis balls in triangular


shapes as shown. How many balls will there be
in a triangle that has 8 rows?

a. Understand the problem:

We know that we arrange tennis balls in triangles as shown.


We want to know how many balls there are in a triangle that has 8 rows.

b. Solution:

Number of Rows Number of Balls


1 1
2 3
3 6
4 6+4=10
5 10+5=15
6 15+6=21
7 21+7=28
8 28+8=36

Cheking

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Each row of the triangle has one more ball than the previous one. In a triangle with 8 rows, row 1 has 1
ball, row 2 has 2 balls, row 3 has 3 balls, row 4 has 4 balls, row 5 has 5 balls, row 6 has 6 balls, row 7 has
7 balls, row 8 has 8 balls. When we add these we get: 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8=36 balls

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 9

Carol has written a number pattern that


begins with 1, 3, 6, 10, 15. If she continues
this pattern, what are the next four numbers
in her pattern?

Understand the problem:


You need to find 4 numbers after 15.

a. Solution:

3 = 1 + 2 (starting number is 1, add 2 to make 3)

6 = 3 + 3 (starting number is 3, add 3 to make 6)

10 = 6 + 4 (starting number is 6, add 4 to make 10)

15 = 10 + 5 (starting number is 10, add 5 to make 15)

New numbers will be

15 + 6 = 21

21 + 7 = 28

28 + 8 = 36

36 + 9 = 45

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

STRATEGY 2 : MAKE A TABLE

When a problem contains information that has more than one characteristic, an effective strategy is
to set out that information in a table. A table helps to organize the information so that it can be easily
understood and so that relationships between one set of numbers and another become clear.

A table makes it easy to see what information is there, and what information is missing. When a table
is drawn up, the information often shows a pattern, or part of a solution, which can then be completed.
Students will usually have to create some of the information in order to complete the table and so solve
the problem. Using a table can help reduce the possibility of mistakes or repetitions.

Problem No. 1

You save $3 on Monday. Each day after that you save twice as
much as you saved the day before. If this pattern continues, how much
would you save on Friday?

a. Understand the problem:


You save $3 on Monday.
You save twice as much you saved the day before.
Your savings on Friday.
b. Solution:

Day Amount of Money Saved


Monday $3
Tuesday $6
Wednesday $12
Thursday $24
Friday $48

Therefore your savings would be $48 on Friday.

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 2

There are 5 members in each team in swimming competition. The


first team member swims 300 meters. Each team member swims 50 meters less
than the swimmer before. How many meters did the last team member swim
in the relay race?

a. Understand the problem:


There are 5 member in each teams in swimming competition
There are 5 teams in swimming competition
The first team member swims 300 meters.
Each team member swims 50 meters less than the swimmer before.
How many meters did the last team member swim in the relay race?

b. Solution:
Team member Distance in meters
1st 300
2nd 250
3rd 200
4th 150
5th 100

50 Meters was the last team member swim in the relay race.

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 3

How many hours will a car traveling at 65 miles per hour


take to catch up with a car traveling at 55 miles per hour if the
slower car starts one hour before the faster car?

a. Understand the problem:


The slower car starts one hour before the faster car
How many hours will a car traveling at 65 miles per hour take to catch up with a car
traveling at 55 miles per hour?

b. Solution:
Hour 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Slow car 55 110 165 220 275 330 385
Fast car 0 65 130 195 260 325 390

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 4

Louise is on her way to school with her car. Unfortunately, she was
stuck in traffic. At exactly 6:30 a.m., the red or stop light appears and at
6:35 am it appears orange and finally at 6:36 am, it goes Green or Go light.
Unfortunately, Louise did not able to pass the traffic light after it goes red
or stops at 6:40 am. She estimated that only 30 cars passed before the light
become red. What time did Louise can able to pass the Traffic light if she
estimated that she was the 145th car?

a. Understand the problem:


6:30am -first red light
6:35am - orange light
6:36am- green light
30 cars were able to passed the traffic light
What time did Louise can able to pass the Traffic light if she estimated that she was the
150th car?

b. Solution:
Red light Orange light Green light total # of cars
passed
1st 6:30 am 6:35 6:36 30
2nd 6:40 6:45 6:46 60
3rd 6:50 6:55 6:56 90
4th 7:00 am 7:05 7:06 120
5th 7:10am 7:15 am 7:16am 150

At 7:16am, she can able to passed the traffic light and continue to drive on her way to school.

Checking:

(1st Go) 30 + (2nd Go) 30 + (3rd Go) 30 + ( 4th Go) 30 + (5th Go) 30 = 150 cars and she was the 145th car
so she can passed and continue to drive on her way to school.

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 5

How many diagonals does a 13-gon


have?

a. Understand the problem:


n(n-3)/2 = number of diagonals

b. Solution:
13-gon = n(n-3)/2
= 13 ( 13 -3) / 2
= 65 diagonals

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 6

Josie takes up jogging. On the first week she jogs for 10


minutes per day, on the second week she jogs for 12 minutes
per day. Each week, she wants to increase her jogging time
by 2 minutes per day. If she jogs six days each week, what
will be her total jogging time on the sixth week?

a. Understand the problem:


We know in the first week Josie jogs 10 minutes per day for six days.
We know in the second week Josie jogs 12 minutes per day for six days.
Each week, she increases her jogging time by 2 minutes per day and she jogs 6 days per
week.
We want to find her total jogging time in week six.

b. Solution:

Week Minutes per Day Minutes per Week

1 10 60

2 12 72

3 14 84

4 16 96

5 18 108

6 20 120

Josie starts at 60 minutes per week and she increases by 12 minutes per week for five weeks.
That means the total jogging time is 60+125=120 minutes.

Checking:
Josie increases her jogging time by two minutes per day. She jogs six days per week. This means that
she increases her jogging time by 12 minutes per week.
Josie starts at 60 minutes per week and she increases by 12 minutes per week for five weeks.
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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

That means the total jogging time is 60+125=120 minutes.

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 7

Yuan save $100 on week 1. Each week after that you save
twice as much as you saved the week before. If this
pattern continues, how much would you save at end of
the month?

a. Understand the problem:


You need to know that you save $100 on week1
Twice as much your saving on the week before
.how much would you save at the end of the month?

b. Solution:

Day Amount of Money Saved


Week 1 $100
Week 2 $200
Week 3 $400
Week 4 $800

You save $800 at the end of the month.

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 8

Two dice are rolled. You are to guess the sum of the two
numbers. What is the sum that you should guess so that
you have the highest chance of guessing it right?

a. Understand the problem:


Two dice
Sum of two numbers
What is the sum that you should guess so that you have the highest chance of guessing it
right?
b. Solution:
Sum 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
6 7 8 9 10 11 12

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 9

Anne is making a box without a lid. She starts with a 20 in.


square piece of cardboard and cuts out four equal squares from
each corner of the cardboard as shown. She then folds the sides of
the box and glues the edges together. How big does she need to
cut the corner squares in order to make the box with the biggest

volume?

a. Understand the problem:


20 in. square piece of cardboard
cuts out four equal squares
How big does she need to cut the corner squares in order to make the box with the biggest
volume?
b. Solution:
Side of Square Box Height Box Width Box Length Volume
1 1 18 18 324
2 2 16 16 512
3 3 14 14 588
4 4 12 12 576
5 5 10 10 500
6 6 8 8 348
7 7 6 6 252
8 8 4 4 128
9 9 2 2 36
10 10 0 0 0

The box of greatest volume is made if we cut out squares with a side length of three inches.

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

STRATEGY 3 : WORK BACKWARD

Problem No. 1

Sams mom left a plate of cookies on the counter. Sam


ate 2 of them, his dad ate 3 of them and they gave 12 to the
neighbor. At the end of the day, only 4 cookies were left on the
plate. How many cookies did she make altogether?

a. Understand the problem:

Sam ate 2 cookies.


His dad ate 3 cookies.
12 cookies are given to their neighbor.
Four cookies were left on the plate.
How many cookies did Sams mother make altogether?

b. Solution:
4 (cookies left on the plate)
12 (cookies given to neighbor)
3 ( cookies ate by Sams dad)
+ 2 (cookies ate by Sam)
______________________________________
21 cookies did Sams mother make altogether

16
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 2

Nadias father is 36. He is 16 years older than four


times Nadias age. How old is Nadia?

a. Understand the problem:

We need to find Nadias age.


We know her father is 16 years older than four times her age, or 4(Nadia's age)+16.
We know her father is 36 years old

b. Solution:
Fathers age = 4 x nadias age + 16

36 = 4 (X) + 16

X = 5 ; Nadias Age

Checking:

Nadia is 5 years old. Her fathers age is 4(5)+16=36. This is correct.

17
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 3

Yanna is 19 years older than Mary. Tine is half


of Yannas age. Rose is 8 years young than Tine.
If Rose is 21 years old now, how old Mary is?

a. Understand the problem:


Mary =?
Yanna = 19 years older than Mary
Tine = half of Yannas age
Rose = 8 years older than Tine and Rose is 21 years old now

b. Solution:
Rose 21 yrs old
Tine 8 + 21 = 29
Tine is 29 years old
Yanna 2 * 29 = 58
Yanna is 58 years old
Mary 58 19 = 31
Therefore, Mary is 31 years old

Mary is 31 yrs. Old

Checking:

Mary is 31 yrs old, Yanna is 58, Tine is 29 years old and Rose is 21 years old.

31 yrs + 19 = 58 ,that is the age of Yanna. Then, 58 /2 = 29; age of Tine. And finally, 29 8 is equals to
21, which is the age of Rose

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 4

A man died and left the following instructions for his fortune, half to
his wife; 1/7 of what was left went to his son; 2/3 of what was left went
to his butler; the mans pet pig got the remaining $ 2000. How much
money did the man leave behind altogether?

che

a. Understand the problem:


, 1/2 to his wife;
1/7 to his son;
2/3 to his butler;
the mans pet pig got the remaining $ 2000
How much money did the man leave behind altogether?

b. Solution:
Pig = $2000
1/3 X = 2000
X = 6000
6/7 X = 6000
X = 7000
X = 7000
X = 14 000

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University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 5

Suppose I am handing out candy. I give Susan 8 pieces, but she says she
doesn't need that many, so she gives me 3 pieces back. I give Mandy 7
pieces, and lastly, I give you 5 pieces. After doing this, I have 4 pieces of
candy left for myself. Based on all of this information, can you tell me how
many pieces of candy I started out with?

a. Understand the problem:


How many pieces of candy I started out with?
I give Susan 8 pieces, gives me 3 pieces back
I give Mandy 7 pieces,
I give you 5 pieces.
I have 4 pieces of candy left for myself

b. Solution:

Checking:
Right before I had 4 pieces left for me, I gave you 5 pieces. To undo this, I would add 5 pieces to
my 4, so now I have 4 + 5 = 9 pieces of candy. The next thing to undo is giving Mandy 7 pieces.
To do this, I add those 7 pieces to my 9 pieces, giving me 7 + 9 = 16 pieces of candy. Before
this, I gave Susan 8 pieces of candy, but she gave me 3 pieces back, so this one is a little trickier
to undo. There's a couple ways to think of this, but ultimately, we gave Susan 8 - 3 = 5 pieces of
candy since she gave 3 of the 8 back. Thus, to undo this step, we add 5 pieces of candy to my
running total, giving me 16 + 5 = 21. This tells us that I had 21 pieces of candy to start with.

20
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 6

Anne has a certain amount of money in her bank account on


Friday morning. During the day she writes a check for $24.50,
makes an ATM withdrawal of $80 and deposits a check for $235. At
the end of the day she sees that her balance is $451.25. How much
money did she have in the bank at the beginning of the day?

a. Understand the problem:

We need to find the money in Annes bank account at the beginning of the day on Friday.
She took out $24.50 and $80 and put in $235.
She ended up with $451.25 at the end of the day.

b. Solution:

451.25235+80+24.50=320.75

Anne had $320.75 in her account at the beginning of the day on Friday.

Checking:

Anne starts with $320.75She writes a check


for $24.50.$320.7524.50=$296.25She
withdraws $80. $296.2580=$216.25She
deposits $235.$216.25+235=$451.25

21
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 7

Jack walked from Santa Clara to Palo Alto. It took 1 hour 25


minutes to walk from Santa Clara to Los Altos. Then it took 25
minutes to walk from Los Altos to Palo Alto. He arrived in Palo
Alto at 2:45 P.M. At what time did he leave Santa Clara?

a. Understand the problem:


You need to find what the time was when Jack left Santa Clara.
It took 1 hour 25 minutes to walk from Santa Clara to Los Altos.
it took 25 minutes to walk from Los Altos to Palo Alto.
He arrived in Palo Alto at 2:45 P.M

b. Solution:

Start at 2:45. This is the time Jack reached Palo Alto.


Subtract 25 minutes. This is the time it took to get from Los Altos to Palo Alto.
Time is: 2:20 P.M.

Subtract: 1 hour 25 minutes. This is the time it took to get from Santa Clara to Los Altos..

Jack left Santa Clara at 12:55 P.M.

22
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 8

Mr. and Mrs. Atkins had friends from Canada come to visit them. They
decided to take their friends to their favorite restaurant for dinner. In
addition to the cost of the dinner, Mr. Atkins had to pay some extra
expenses. He paid $12 for parking, $18 for tax, and he left a tip of $30 for the
waiters. When they got home, Mrs. Akins asked Mr. Atkins how much the
dinner had cost. Well, he said, looking in his wallet. I know I started with
$300, and now I have $15.
What will he tell Mrs. Atkins? How much was the dinner?

a. Understand the problem:


He paid $12 for parking,
$18 for tax,
left a tip of $30
started with $300,
now have $15
How much was the dinner?

b. Solution:

23
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 9

A students needs at least a 95% average to receive a grade of A. on the first


three tests the student averaged 92%. What is the minimum a student must
average on the last two tests to receive a grade of A?

a. Understand the problem:


What is the minimum a student must average on the last two tests to receive a grade of A?
Needs at least a 95% average to receive a grade of A.
On the first three tests the student averaged 92%.
5 tests

b. Solution:

Average = 95%
5 x 95 = 475
Ave(3) = 92%
3 x 92 = 276
475 276 = 199
199 / 2 = 99.5
Therefore on the next two test she needs 99.5% to get an A.

24
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

STRATEGY 4 : GUESS AND CHECK

Problem no. 1

Amy and Judy sold 12 show


tickets altogether. Amy sold 2 more
tickets than Judy. How many tickets did
each girl sell?
a. Understand the problem:
Amy and Judy sold 12 show tickets altogether.
Amy sold 2 more tickets than Judy.
How many tickets did each girl sell?

b. Solution:
First Guess:
Amy = 8 tickets
Judy = 4 tickets

Check
8 + 4 = 12
8 - 4 = 4 ( Amy sold 4 more tickets)
These numbers do not work!

Second Guess:
Amy = 7 tickets
Judy = 5 tickets

Check
7 + 5 = 12
7- 5 = 2 ( Amy sold 2 more tickets)
These numbers do work!

Amy sold 7 tickets and Judy sold 5 tickets.

25
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem no. 2

Mykel is twice as old as James.


Four years ago, he was thrice as old as
James. How old is Mykel now?

a. Understand the problem:


Mykel is twice as old as James.
Four years ago, he was thrice as old as James.

b. Solution:
Mykel James
12 4
13 5
14 6
15 7
16 8

26
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem no. 3

Quizzes in Kikos history class are


worth 20 points each. Keiko scored 15 and 18
points on his last two quizzes. What score
does she need on her third quiz to get an
average score of 17 on all three?

a. Understand the problem:


Quizzes in Kikos history class are worth 20 points each.
He scored 15 and 18 point on his last two quizzes.
What score does he need on his next quiz to get an average score of 17 on all three?

b. Solution:

1st quiz 2nd quiz 3rd Quiz Average Score


15 18 16 15+18+16= 49/3
= 16.33
15 18 17 15+18+17= 50/3
= 16.67
15 18 18 15+18+17= 51/3
= 17
Kiko needs 18 points in his third quiz.Kiko needs 18 points in his third quiz.

27
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem no. 4

In Ms. Dela Cruz math class, she has


exactly 28 students. How many girls and
boys are there if when you multiple their
number will give you a product of 195?

a. Understand the problem:


28 students
Girls (a) times boys (b) equals to 195
How many girls and boys are there?

b. Solution:

Girls (a) Boys (b) Total Number (a)(b)


12 16 28 192
14 14 28 196
13 15 28 195

Therefore, there were 13 girls and 15 boys in Ms. Dela Cruz class.

Checking:

13 girls + 15 boys = 28 students and

13 * 15 = 195

28
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem no. 5

Which of the numbers 4, 5, or 6 is a


solution to (n + 3)(n - 2) = 36?

a. Understand the problem:

Substitute the given

b. Solution:

(6 + 3)(6 - 2) = 36
(5 + 3)(5 - 2) = 29
(4 + 3)(4 - 2) = 14

29
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 6

The sum of 2 consecutive odd


numbers is 44. What are the two
integers?

a. Understand the problem:


Two consecutive odd number
The sum is 44

b. Solution:

15 + 17 = 32. It does not work. Since 32 is smaller than 44, pick higher numbers

19 + 21 = 40. Getting closer

21 + 23 = 44

30
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 7

A kindergarten class is going to a play with


some teachers. Tickets cost 5 dollars for
children and 12 dollars for adults. Number of
tickets sold amount to 163 dollars. How
many adult tickets were sold? How many
children tickets were sold?
How many teachers and children went to the
play?

a. Understand the problem:


Tickets cost 5 dollar for children
Ticket cost 12 dollar for adults
Total ticket sold is 163 dollors
.How many adult tickets were sold? How many children

b. Solution:

Pretend that 3 children tickets were sold. Then, 17 adult tickets were sold
Total cost = 3 5 + 17 12 = 15 + 204 = 219
The total is too high. Pretend that 14 children tickets were sold. Then, 6 adult tickets were sold
Total cost = 14 5 + 6 12 = 70 + 72 = 142
The total is a little too low now. Pretend that 12 children tickets were sold. Then, 8 adult tickets were
sold
Total cost = 12 5 + 8 12 = 60 + 96 = 156
As you can see, it is going higher again and it is getting closer to 163. May be 11 tickets for children
and 9 tickets for adults will work
Total cost = 11 5 + 9 12 = 55 + 108 = 163

Here we go! 11 children and 9 teachers went to the play.

31
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 8

Jamie spent $40 for an outfit. She


paid for the items using $10, $5 and
$1 bills. If she gave the clerk 10 bills
in all, how many of each bill did she
use?

a. Understand the problem:


Jamie spent $40
Items using $10, $5 and $1 bills.
If she gave the clerk 10 bills in all,
How many of each bill did she use?

b. Solution:

$10 $5 $1 Total pcs: Total $ amount:


2 2 10 14 40
1 3 15 19 40
2 3 5 10 40

He gave $10 -2
$5 3
$1 5
A total of 10 bills and paid $40 in all.

32
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 9

In Ms. Browns class, there are 24


students. There are 6 more girls than
boys. How many boys and girls are
there?

a. Understand the problem:


How many boys and girls are there ?
24 students in the Class
6 more girls than boys.
b. Solution:

Therefore, the solution is 9 boys and 15 girls.

33
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

STRATEGY 5 : DRAW A DIAGRAM

Problem no. 1

Larrys pet cricket jumps 2 inches in day one and 3 inches the next
day. How many days will it take for Larrys pet to jump 12 inches?

a. Understand the problem:


The cricket jump 2 inches on day 1st.
3 inches on 2nd day.
How many days will it take for larrys pet to jump 12 inches?

b. Solution:

Figure 1

It will take 5 days for Larrys cricket to jump 12 inches

34
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem no. 2

Starting from his house, Zack cycled the following path: 2 km North, 3 km East, 3
km North, 8 km West, 1 km North, 6 km West, 10 km South, 7 km East, and finally 4 km
North. How far was Zack from his house when he completed the above journey?

a. Understand the problem:

Zack cycled the following path: 2 km North, 3 km East, 3 km North, 8 km West, 1 km North, 6
km West, 10 km South, 7 km East, and finally 4 km North.
How far was Zack from his house when he completed the above journey?

b. Solution:

Zack is 4 km from his house.

35
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem no. 3

Marah is putting up a tent for a family reunion. The tent is 16 feet by 5 feet.
Each 4-foot section of tent needs a post except the sides that are 5 feet. How many
posts will she need?

a. Understand the problem:


16 feet by 5 feet
1 post every 4 feet, including 1 at each corner
No posts on the short sides
How many posts does she need?

b. Solution:

I drew a rectangle where each long side is 16 feet, and there is 1 post every 4 feet. I drew a circle for each
post. I remembered to draw a post at each end. There are 10 posts total.

Checking:

16 divided by 4 is 4. There are 4 sections of 4 feet on each long side.


There is a post on each end, so 4 + 1 = 5. There are 2 sides to the tent,
and 5 x 2 = 10.

36
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem no. 4

June 4 , start of rainy season, Ralph placed an empty 1.5 liter bottle. Every rain, the
bottle filled 0.2 litter of rain water. If only every other day heavy rain falls, on what
nth day thus the bottle completely filled by water?

a. Understand the problem:


There is an empty 1.5 L bottle.
Every rain, the water filled a 0.2 L
When was the bottle totally filled by rain water?

b. Solution:

It started on June 4 and it filled 0.2 L. The next day, June 5, it doesnt rain. The next rain is June 6, the
container filled an additional 0.2 L so it contains a total of 0.4 L. and finally, on June 18, the 1.5 L was totally
filled of rain water.

Checking:
Day Filled water
( add 0.2)
June 4 0.2
June 6 0.4
June 8 0.6
June 10 0.8
June 12 1.0
June 14 1.2
June 16 1.4
June 18 1.6
th
On the 18 of June was completely filled the container by water rain.

37
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 5

Shannon jogged 1320 miles yesterday. Today, she jogged 12 mile.

How many total miles did Shannon jog?

a. Understand the problem:


Yesterday she jogged 1320 miles.
Today she jogged 12 miles.
How many total mile did she jog?

b. Solution:

Divide one rectangle into 20 equal-sized sections. Then shade 1320 of the diagram.

This represents the 1320 miles that Shannon jogged yesterday.


Shannon also jogged 12 mile today.
So, shade 12 of the partially filled rectangle to represent the distance she jogged
today.

The diagram is 11320 shaded. So, Shannon jogged a total of 11320 miles on those two days.
To find out how many miles she jogged all together, add 1320+12.
The fractional part of the mixed number has a different denominator than 12.
Find the least common multiple (LCM) of both denominators. The least common multiple of 20 and
2 is 20.
Next, we rename the problems.
12=1020
Now we can add the two together.

38
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 6

Laura has 3 green chips, 4 blue chips and 1 red chip in her bag.
What fractional part of the bag of chips is green?

1320+1020=11320

a. Understand the problem:


You need to find how many chips are in all. Then you need to find how many of the chips
are green.

b. Solution:

Draw 8 chips.

3/8 of the chips are green.

39
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 7

Murat has decided to plant grapes in the garden behind his house. His neighbor Volkan has
grown grapes successfully for a long time and has given Murat advice about how to plant vines.
Volkan told him to plant them three meters apart in rows that are three meters apart. He also told
him to leave at least three meters between each vine and the edge of the garden. Murat has
measured the size of his garden and learned that its a rectangle with sides of 25 meters and 35
meters. How many vines should Murat buy?

a. Understand the problem:


Must be 3 meters apart in rows
3 meters between each vines and edge of the garden
Size of the rectangle is 23 m and 32 m.
How many vines should Murat buy?
b. Solution:

40
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 8

Handan wants to make soup. The recipe says she should use one liter of water, but
she does not have a one-liter container. She has a five-liter container and a three-liter
container. How can she use these two containers to measure one liter of water?

a. Understand the problem:


Must use one liter of water
She has 5 liters and 3 liters container.
How can she use these two containers to measure one liter of water?

b. Solution:

41
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 9

Each of the small boxes in the figure at the right is a square. What is the total
number of different squares that can be traced using the segments of the figure?

a. Understand the problem:


What is the total number of different squares that can be traced using the segments of the
figure?

b. Solution:

size of squares: Number of squares:

1x1 21
2x2 12
3x3 5

There are 38 different squares that can be traced in the figure.

42
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

STRATEGY 6 : MAKE A LIST

Problem no. 1 a. Understand the problem:


Judy is taking pictures of Jim, Karen
Judy is taking pictures of Jim,
and Mike.
Karen and Mike. She asks
them, How many different ways How many different ways could you
three children stand in a line?
could you three children stand
in a line? You need to know that any of the
students can be first, second or third.

b. Solution:
First Second Third

Jim Karen Mike

Jim Mike Karen

Karen Jim Mike

Karen Mike Jim

Mike Karen Jim

Mike Jim Karen

There are 6 ways that the children could stand in line.

43
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem no. 2
a. Understand the problem:
Find the median of the What is the median?
following test scores: 73,
65, 82, 78, and 93.

b. Solution:

Make a list from smallest to largest:


65
73
78 Since 78 is the middle number, the median is 78.
82
93

44
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem no. 3
a. Understand the problem:
Sarah is on vacation Sarah is on vacation.
and brought 3 pairs of pants She brought 3 pairs of pants
(blue, black, and white) and 3 and 3 shirts.
shirts (pink, yellow and green). How many different outfit
combinations can she make?
How many different outfit
combinations can she make?

b. Solution:

There are 9 different outfit combinations can she make

45
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem no. 4 a. Understand the problem:


1234 is the numbers will be arrange.
The 1234, can be arrange How many ways that 1234 can be
in many orders. 2431 is written?
different from 3214. In how
many ways that 1234 can
be written?

b. Solution:

1234 2134 3124 4123


1243 2143 3142 4132
1324 2314 3214 4213
1342 2341 3241 4231
1423 2413 3412 4321
1432 2431 3421 4312

Therefore, 1234 can arrange in 24 ways.

Checking:

Simply, if it starts with 1, there were combinations. If it starts with 12, there were combinations. If it
starts with 3, there were combinations. And if it starts with 4, there were combinations.

46
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem no. 5

Customers at a particular yogurt a. Understand the problem:


shop may select one of three How may flavor topping
flavors of yogurt. They may choose combinations are possible?
one of four toppings. How many 3 flavors are available
one-flavor, one topping 4 toppings are available
combinations are possible?

b. Solution:
F1T1 F1T2 F1T3 F1T4

F2T1 F2T2 F2T3 F2T4

F3T1 F3T2 F3T3 F3T4

There are 12 combination possible.

47
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 6

Ten people arrive at a


party. As they arrive, Understand the problem:
each person kisses every
other person twice, once - How many kisses are there ?
on each cheek. How - 10 people arrived in the party.
many kisses are there? - Each person kisses every other person
twice

Solution:

48
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 7
a. Understand the problem:
Judy is taking pictures of You need to know that
Jim, Karen and Mike. She any of the students can be first, second or
asks them, " How many third.
different ways could you
three children stand in a
line?"

b. Solution:

First Second Third


Jim Karen Mike
Jim Mike Karen
Karen Jim Mike
Karen Mike Jim
Mike Karen Jim
Mike Jim Karen

So, there are 6 ways that the children could stand in line.

49
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 8

Melike and Funda are good friends. When Melike got the flu, her doctor wrote a prescription
for twenty 30mg pills, and told her to take two a day, one after breakfast and one after dinner.
Three days later, Funda also got the flu. Her doctor prescribed thirty 20mg pills, and told her
to take a pill every four hours between 9:00 and 21:00. Whose medicine was finished first?

a. Understand the problem:


Melike prescription for twenty 30mg pills, take two a day, one after breakfast and one
after dinner.
Three days later, Funda prescribed thirty 20mg pills, and told her to take a pill every four
hours between 9:00 and 21:00.
Whose medicine was finished first?
b. Solution:

50
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 9

The game of dominoes is played with black and white tiles. Each tile is divided into two
halves and on each half a number from 0-6 is represented in the form of dots. Each tile
contains a pair of numbers and each pair appears only once in a complete set. How many
tiles are there in a complete set of tiles?

a. Understand the problem:


Each tile is divided into two halves
each half a number from 0-6 is represented.
How many tiles are there in a complete set of tiles?

b. Solution:

51
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

STRATEGY 7 : USE A VARIABLE

Problem no. 1 a. Understand the problem:


-Find 3 consecutive even integers
Can you find three -Divisible by 2
consecutive even integers -Sum will be 318.
such that their sum is 318?

b. Solution:

1st number 2nd number 3rd number


n n+2 n+4

If n =104, then (n + 2) = (104 +2) = 106, and (n + 4) = (104 + 4) = 108. Therefore, the three consecutive
even numbers are 104, 106, and 108.

52
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem no. 2

One fourth of Paolos age four a. Understand the problem:


Paolos age three years in the
years from now plus one- third
future and three years in the past.
of his age three years ago is
Lets say:
fourteen years. How old is he
P = age of Paolo now
now?
P + 4 = age three years from
now
P 3 = age three years ago
Then, lets add the other information
One-half of age three years from now: ( 1/4 ) ( P + 4 ) = P/4 + 1
One-fourth of age three years ago: ( 1/3 ) ( P 3 ) = P/3 1

b. Solution:
The sum of these two numbers is twenty, so I will add them and set this equal to 14.
P/4 + 1 + P/3 1 = 14
P/4 + P/3 = 14
P/4 + P/3 = 14
12 [(3P+ 4P) /12 = 14 ]
3P + 4P = 168
7 [7P = 168 ] 7
P= 24
Paolos age is 24

Checking:
If Paolo is 24 now, then he will 28 in four years, fourth of it is 7 and she was 21, three years ago, third of
it is 7. So, 7 + 7 = 14, so the solution is correct.

53
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 3 a. Understand the problem:


Find the value of y
If x=4, find the value of
y in the equation: 4y
2x = 16.

b. Solution:

If x=4;

4y -2(4) = 16

4y = 16 + 8

Y = 24 /4

The value of Y = 6

54
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 4

Find the value of x if y= a. Understand the problem:


6 in the equation: 2x + Find the value of x
4y = 30 + y

b. Solution:

If y = 6;

2x + 4y = 30 + y

2x + 4(6) = 30 + (6)

2x = 36 24

2x = 12

X = 12 / 2

The value of X = 6

55
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 5
A rectangle has an area of 40 a. Understand the problem:
A rectangle has an area of 40
square meters. If the
square meters. If the perimeter of the
perimeter of the rectangle is
rectangle is
26 meters, what are the
26 meters, what are the
length and the width of the length and the width of the rectangle?
rectangle?

b. Solution:

A = L x W 40 = L x W
2W + 2L = P 2W + 2L = 26

A = L x W 40 = L x W
40 is a product of 2 and 20, 4 and 10, or 5 and 8.
2W + 2L = P 2W + 2L = 26

The numbers 5 and 8 are the two numbers that work for both formulas.

56
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 6 a. Understand the problem:


What is x?
Three less than twice a
number is 13. What is
the number?

b. Solution:

2X 3 = 13

2x = 13 + 3

X = 16 / 2

X=8

57
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 7

Solve by factoring perfect square:

a. Understand the problem:


What is x?

b. Solution:
3( 2 + 4 + 4) = 0
3(( + 2)2 ) = 0
(( + 2)2 ) = 0
X+2 = 0
X = -2

58
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 8
a. Understand the problem:
A truck driver travels for 4 T = 4 hours and 30
hours and 30 minutes at a minutes =
constant speed and travels constant speed
252 miles. Find the speed of D = 252 miles
the truck in miles per hour. Find the speed of the
truck in miles per hour (R)

b. Solution:

Let r = rate in speed

T = 9 / 2 hrs

D = RT

252 = R (9/2)
504 = 9 R
504 / 9 = R
R = 56

59
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 9
a. Understand the problem:
Eight less than the product
What is the inequality to
of -3 and a number is represent this relationship?
greater than -26. What is
the inequality to represent
this relationship?

b. Solution:

Let x = the number


-3x -8 > - 26
-3 x > - 26 + 8
-3 x > -18
X > -18 / -3
X< 6

60
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

STRATEGY 8 : USE LOGICAL REASONING

Problem No. 1

At the Keep in Shape Club, 35 people swim, 24 play tennis, and 27


jog. Of these people, 12 swim and play tennis, 19 play tennis and jog,
and 13 jog and swim. Nine people do all three activities. How many
members are there altogether?

a. Understand the problem:


35 people swims, 24 plays tennis, 27 jogs
12 swims and plays tennis, 19 plays tennis and jog, 13 jogs and swims
9 do all three activities
How many members are there altogether?

b. Solution:

61
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 2

If there are no dancers that arent slim and no singers that arent
dancers, then which statements are always true?

I. There is not one slim person that isnt a dancer


II. All singers are slim
III. Anybody slim is also a singer
IV. None of the above

a. Understand the problem:


What is the meaning is of the statement: there are no dancers that arent slim and no singers that
arent dancers

b. Solution:

The tricky part is that the question is phrased negatively. This means that you first need to identify the nature
of each group, and then establish the relationship between the groups. If you draw a diagram, the relationship
between the groups becomes clearer. The only statement is that all singers are slim.

Checking:

It is clearly stated that all singers are slim.

62
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 3

Anna, Karen and Nina take turns in getting the midnight shift at
Ward 143 such that no one is assigned two nights in a row. Anna
was assigned two nights ago and is assigned again tomorrow
evening. If Karen is assigned the night immediately following
Annas duty, who can take tonights midnight shift?

1. Only Anna

2. Only Karen

3. Only Nina

4. Either Anna or Karen

5. Either Anna or Nina

a. Understand the problem:


Who can take tonights midnight shift?
Anna was assigned two nights ago
No one is assigned two nights in a row
If Karen is assigned the night immediately following Annas duty

b. Solution:

Anna Karen Nina Anna Karen Nina


Or
Anna

Nina or Anna can take tonights duty.

63
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 4

Mina, Bing, Amy, and Cel have surnames Folres, Mendez, Presez
and Reyex but not respectively. Mina is taller than Amy and Cel. Ms.
Mendez is tallest of the four. Ms. Flores is taller than Ms. Reyes but
shorter than Ms. Perez. Also, Cel is taller than Amy and Bing. What
is the full name of the second tallest person?

1. Amy Mendez

2. Cel Perez

3. Cel Flores

4. Bing Reyes

5. Mina Perez

a. Understand the problem:


What is the name of the second tallest person?
b. Solution:

Mina Bing Amy Cel Ms. Flores Ms. Perez


Ms. Mendez
Ms. Reyes

The second tallest person is Ms. Cel Perez

64
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 5
Three popular courses at a local high school are geography, art,
and science. A review of the
schedules of 200 students revealed that 70 have geography, 80
have science, 60 have art, 35
have geography and science, 33 have geography and art, 31 have
science and art, and 15
have all three classes. How many of the 200 students have none of
these classes?

a. Understand the problem:


200 students
70 have geography,
80 have science,
60 have art,
35 geography and science,
33 have geography and art,
31 have science and art,
15 have all three classes.
How many of the 200 students have none of these classes?

b. Solution:

For geography and science, there are 20 students (35 - 15).


For geography and art, there are 18 students (33 - 15 ).
For science and art, there are 16 students (31 - 15).
Next, subtract to get the totals for geography (70- [15+20+18]), science (80- [15+20+16]), and
art (60- [18+15+16]).

To find the final answer, subtract 200 - [17+20+18+15+29+16+11] = 74.


65
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 6

Apartments in the Runnyvale Manor cost less than apartments in


The Grapevine Commons.
Apartments in the Livingwell Gate cost more than apartments in the
The Grapevine Commons.
Of the three apartment buildings, the Livingwell Gate costs the most.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is

True
False
Uncertain

a. Understand the problem:

Which of the statement is true?


b. Solution:

The correct answer is that the third statement is true. If GC > RM and LG > GC,
then LG > GC > RM. Livingwell Gate is the most expensive apartment
complex.

66
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 7

Tim is older than Elena.


Curtis is older than Tim.
Elena is older than Curtis.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is

True
False
Uncertain

a. Understand the problem:


Which statement is true?
b. Solution:

The correct answer is that the third statement is false. If T > E and C > T, then C
> T > E. Elena is the youngest of the three, so the statement is false.

67
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 8

4, 2, 1, , what should be the next number in the


series?



1/14
1/12

a. Understand the problem:


What is the next number in series?
b. Solution:

The pattern is being cut in half, so the next number in the series after should be
.

68
University of Perpetual Help System JONELTA
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna, Philippines, 4024

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Problem No. 9

7, 10, 8, 11, 9, 12what should be the next number in the


series?

6
8
10
13

a. Understand the problem:


What is the next number in the series?
b. Solution:

The pattern is increasing by 3, then decreasing by 2, so the next number in the series after
12 should be 10.

69

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