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Ralstonia solanacearum

Raza 3 biovar 2
Ralstonia solanacearum
Raza 3 biovar 2
Introduccin
Hospedantes
Sntomas
Transmisin
Deteccin
Control
Introduction
Ralstonia solanacearum Raza 3 biovar 2 es
una bacteria que causa las siguientes
enfermedades:
Pudricin marrn y marchitez bacteriana
de la papa
Marchitez surea del geranio
Marchitez bacteriana del tomate y otras
solanceas
Este patgeno est considerado como un
miembro de la lista de agentes
seleccionados de bioterrorismo agrcola.
Other Ralstonia solanacearum
Races and Biovars
Raza Rango de Distribucin Biovar
hospedantes geogrfica
1 Amplio Asia, Australia, 3,4
Americas 1
2 Banana Caribe, Brasil 1
Otras Musa Filipinas
spp.
3 Papa, algunas Mundial, excepto 2
otras US y Canada
solanceas,
geranio;
4 Gengibre Asia 3,4
5 Frutillas China 5
(Daughtrey, 2003 Reprinted, with slight modification, from Denny and Hayward, 2001)
Ralstonia solanacearum.

It is important to note that there are other races and biovars of Ralstonia
solanacearum.
Only R. solanacearum Race 3 biovar 2 is on the select agent list.
Race 1 can infect hundreds of different plant species in 50 families and
Race 1 biovar 1 is endemic in the Southern United States where it is
commonly found on tomato, tobacco and other crops.
Races 2, 4, and 5 occur outside the U.S. in warm regions and are not
considered a threat due to their poor cold-temperature tolerance.
Race 3 is commonly found through out the world except in the U.S. and
Canada.
The race/biovar of most concern to the U.S. is Race 3 biovar 2, because
of its ability to cause damage to potato, tomato, eggplant and geraniums
in cooler climates than Race 1.
The potato industries in both the United States and Canada are
concerned with potential introduction of Race 3 because potato crops in
other temperate countries have experienced serious disease problems
due to the cold temperature tolerance of Race 3.
Global Distribution
Las prdidas alrededor del
mundo por la marchitez
bacteriana de la papa son
ms de $950 millones por
ao (Allen 2003).
La resurgencia de R.
solanacearum Raza 3 biovar
2 se han presentado en todo
Europa en los ltimos aos.
Esta resurgencia se debe a
la importacin de material
vegetal infectado de lugares
donde la enfermedad est de
tiempo establecida (Janse
1996).
Photo H.D. Thurston, Cornell University, http://www.tropag-
fieldtrip.cornell.edu/docthurston/Thumbs%20-
%20Brown%20Rot/Brown%20Rot.html
Hospedantes
Los hospedantes
de Ralstonia
solanacearum Raza
3 biovar 2 incluyen
varias solanceas:
papa
tomate
Berengena
El geranio
(Pelargonium spp.)
puede tambin
servir coomo
Photo H.D. Thurston, Cornell University, http://www.tropag- hospdante.
fieldtrip.cornell.edu/docthurston/Thumbs%20-
%20Brown%20Rot/Brown%20Rot.html
Signos y sntomas en plantas de
papa
Follaje
Enanismo
Amarillamiento
Marchitez, inicialmente
limitada al pice de la
planta.

Tallo
Lesiones vasculares
Colapso de plantas
jvenes
Exudados bacterianos
Photos H. David Thurston, Cornell University,
http://www.tropag-
fieldtrip.cornell.edu/docthurston/Thumbs%20-
%20Brown%20Rot/Brown%20Rot.html
Signos y sntomas en tubrculos
de papa
Lesiones en el anillo
vascular
Exudado Photo Plant Protection

bacteriano, el cual Service Archives,


Netherlands,
www.forestryimages.org
en estados
posteriores puede Bacterial Ooze
emerger de los
ojos y yemas.

Photo Central Science Laboratory, Harpenden Archives, British


Crown, United Kingdom, www.forestryimages.org
Signos y sntomas en plantas de
tomate
Marchitez
Lesiones
vasculares
Exudacin
bacteriana
Photos Clemson
Vascular
University - USDA
Vascular
Discoloration
Cooperative Extension Discoloration
Slide Series,
www.forestryimages.org
Sntomas en geranio
Amarillamiento,
marchitex y necrosis
de hojas inferiores
Lesiones vasculares
y necrosis del tallo.
Pudricin marrn de
races

Photos Margery Daughtrey, Cornell University, www.pdis.org


Signos en geranio
Exudado bacteriano

Exudacin bacteriana
Flujo bactgeriano: El
tallo o peciolo cortado
colocado en agua, Photo Margery Daughtrey, Cornell University, www.pdis.org

producira una nube


generada por el flujo
bacteriano fuera del Flujo
bacteriano
tejido vegetal.

Photo David B. Langston, University of Georgia, www.forestryimages.org


Transmisin
Suelo contaminado,
agua de irrigacin,
agua superficial,
equipo y personal.
El patgeno puede
entrar a las plantas
va heridas
ocasionadas por la
manipulacin o
Photo Anson Eaglin, USDA-APHIS , www.forestryimages.org
alimentacin por
nematodos.
Transmisin
Material vegetal infectado
En papa: la diseminacin
es a travs de semilla de
papa infectada.
En geranios: la
diseminacin es a travs
de el uso de esquejes
infectados.

Photo by Peggy Greb, USDA-ARS,


http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/graphics/photo
s/jan03/k10149-1.htm
Deteccin y Diagnosis
El diagnstico a nivel de raza y biovar
Cultivo de R. solanacearum sobre
puede ser difcil, y frecuentemente
el medio semi-selective TZC
requiere varias pruebas de diagnstico
para hacer un diagnstico final.
Aislamiento sobre medios
semi-selectivos.
El uso de medios
selectivos para R.
solanacearum, no para
raza o biovar
ELISA
Especifico para Ralstonia
solanacearum, no para
raza y biovar
Usada para seleccin
inicial de grandes
cantidades de material.

Photo Tom Creswell, NCSU , www.forestryimages.org


Deteccin y Diagnosis
Prueba para
determinar Raza y
Biovar
Prueba de utilizacin
de carbono (usado
para diferenciar
biovar)
PCR a tiempo real
(usada para
diferenciar razas) Real-time PCR used for
determination of race of R.
solanacearum. (Photo Dawn Dailey-
Obrien, Cornell University)
Control: Papa
Variedades resistentes
El control qumico no
es efectivo.
Eliminacin de malezas
solanceas
hospedantes que
puedan servir como
reservorios de inculo.
Seleccin de tubrculos
libres de la enfermedad
antes de plantarlos en Malezas solanceas pueden servir como
campo. hospedantes de R. solanacearum Raza 3
Biovar 2 y fuente de inculo para el
Rotacin con cultivos cultivo de papa.
no susceptibles. Photo Joel Floyd, USDA APHIS PPQ,
www.forestryimages.org
Control: Tomate
Qumicos derivados de
plantas: El Thymol ha
sido usado como un
fumigante de suelo pre
plantacin con bastante
xito (Momol 2006).
Los esfuerzos de los
fitomejoradores han
resultado en algunas
progenies de tomate con
alta resistencia pero
tambin con cualidades
indeseables como frutos Photo Keith Weller, USDA-ARS,
pequeos (Momol 2006). http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/graphics/photos/dec99/k735
3-7.htm
References
Allen, C. 2003. Bacterial Wilt Disease & Ralstonia solanacearum. Talk from 2003 Ralstonia Solanacearum race 3 biovar 2
Outbreak in Geraniums: A Program Review meeting held June 17 and 18, 2003 in Riverdale, MD.
Daughtrey, M. 2003. New and Re-emerging Diseases in 2003. Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Long
Island Horticultural Research & Extension Center.
Denny, T. P. and Hayward, A.C. 2001. Ralstonia, pages 151-174 in: Schaad, N. W. et al. Laboratory guide for the
identification of plant pathogenic bacteria, 3rd ed. APS Press, St. Paul, 373 pp.
Elphinstone, J. and Harris, R. 2002. Monitoring and control of the potato brown rot bacterium in irrigation water. British
Potato Council report 190. http://www.potato.org.uk/upload/pdf/researchReports/report190.pdf. Accessed 2004 January 8.
Elphinstone, J. January 2004. Personal communication. EC project number: SMT project CT97-2179.
Harris, D. C. 1972. Intra-specific variation in Pseudomonas solanacearum. Pages 289-292 in: Proc. Int. Conf. Plant Pathog.
Bact., 3rd.
Janse, J. 1996. Potato Brown rot in western Europe history, present occurrence and some remarks on possible origin,
epidemiology and control strategies. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO 26: 679-695.
Kim, S. H., Olson, R. N. and Schaad, N. 2002. Ralstonia solanacearum Biovar 2, Race 3 in geraniums imported from
Guatemala to Pennsylvania in 1999. Plant Disease 92:S42.
Kim, S. H., T. N. Olson, N. W. Schaad, and G. W. Moorman. 2003. Ralstonia solanacearum Race 3, Biovar 2, the Causal
Agent of Brown Rot of Potato, Identified in Geraniums in Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Connecticut. Plant Disease Page
87:4.
Lemay, A., Redlin, S., Fowler, G., Dirani, M. 2003, February 12. Pest Data Sheet Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2.
USDA/APHIS/PPQ Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory
Raleigh, NC.
Momol, T. 2006, October 12. Recovery Plan for Ralstonia solanacearum Race 3 biovar 2, Causing Brown Rot of Potato,
Bacterial Wilt of Tomato and Southern Wilt of Geranium. National Plant Disease Recovery System.
http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/00000000/opmp/Rs3-2RecoveryPlan-v-Oct112006.pdf. Accessed 2006 October
17.
OHern, C. 2004 January 5. Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 in New York Greenhouse (document by
Richard Dunkle) [Distribution list]. Accessed 2004 January 5. USDA-ARS Plant Health Division. 2002. Potato Brown Rot
(RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM) Report on monitoring and eradication in England 2002. Defra, Plant Health Division.
http://www.defra.gov.uk/planth/phnews/monrad02.pdf. Accessed 2004 January 8.
Williamson, L., Nakoho, K., Hudelson, B. and Allen, C. 2002. Ralstonia solanacearum race 3, biovar 2 strains isolated from
geranium are pathogenic on potato. Plant Dis. 86:987-991

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