TRANSPORTATION PLANT

1. DUMPER
This is a smaller vehicle with a tipping hopper or skip designed to carry material within
a site. The hopper is usually front mounted to provide better control by the driver. It is
easy to manoeuvre on uneven and rutted ground. Capacity of the hopper varies from 1
to 3m3 depending on the size of dumper.

2.DUMPER TRUCK
designed for large-capacity loads to be carried over a long distance on or off site.
Normal capacity ranging from 5 to 15m3, some even up to 50m3 or above.

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3.FORK LIFT TRUCKS
These are used for the horizontal and limited Vertical transportation of materials
positioned on pallets or Banded together such as brick packs. They are generally
suitable for construction sites where the building height does not exceed Three storeys.
Although designed to negotiate rough terrain site Fork lift trucks have a higher
productivity on firm and level soils. Three basic fork lift truck formats are available
namely straight Mast, overhead and telescopic boom with various height, reach and
lifting capacities. Scaffolds onto which the load(s) are to be Placed should be
strengthened locally or a specially constructed Loading tower could be built as an
attachment to or as an integral part of the main scaffold.

4.HOISTS
These are designed for the vertical transportation of Materials, passengers or materials
and passengers. Materials hoists are designed for one specific use (i.e. The vertical
Transportation of materials) and under no circumstances should They be used to
transport passengers. Most material hoists are of A mobile format which can be
dismantled, folded onto the chassis and moved to another position or site under their
own power or towed by a haulage vehicle. When in use material hoists need to be
stabilised and/or tied to the structure and enclosed with a protective screen.

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5.PASSENGER HOISTS
These are designed to carry passengers Although most are capable of transporting a
combined load of Materials and passengers within the lifting capacity of the hoist. A
Wide selection of hoists is available ranging from a single cage with rope suspension to
twin cages with rack and pinion operation mounted on two sides of a static tower.

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6.RUBBLE CHUTES
These apply to contracts involving demolition, Repair, maintenance and refurbishment.
The simple concept of Connecting several perforated dustbins is reputed to have been
Conceived by an ingenious site operative for the expedient and Safe conveyance of
materials.
In purpose designed format, the tapered cylinders are produced from reinforced rubber
with chain linkage for continuity. Overall Unit lengths are generally 1100mm, providing
an effective length of 1m. Hoppers and side entry units are made for special
applications.

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7.CRANES
These are lifting devices designed to raise materials by Means of rope operation and
move the load horizontally within The limitations of any particular machine. The range
of cranes Available is very wide and therefore choice must be based on the Loads to be
lifted, height and horizontal distance to be covered, Time period(s) of lifting operations,
utilisation factors and degree of mobility required. Crane types can range from a simple
rope and pulley or gin wheel to a complex tower crane but most can be Placed within 1
of 3 groups namely mobile, static and tower Cranes.
A. LORRY MOUNTED CRANES

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B. TRACK MOUNTED CRANES

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C. GANTRY CRANES
These are sometimes called portal cranes and Consist basically of two `a' frames joined
together with a cross Member on which transverses the lifting appliance. In small
gantry Cranes (up to 10 tonnes lifting capacity) the `a' frames are usually Wheel
mounted and manually propelled whereas in the large gantry cranes (up to 100 tonnes
lifting capacity) the `A' frames are mounted on powered bogies running on rail tracks
with the driving cab and lifting gear mounted on the cross beam or gantry. Small
gantry cranes are used primarily for loading and unloading activities in stock yards
whereas the medium and large gantry cranes are used to straddle the work area such
as in power station construction or in repetitive low to medium rise developments. All
gantry cranes have the advantage of three direction movement
1. Transverse by moving along the cross beam.
2. Vertical by raising and lowering the hoist block.
3. Horizontal by forward and reverse movements of the whole gantry crane.

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D. TOWER CRANES
Most tower cranes have to be assembled and Erected on site prior to use and can be
equipped with a horizontal or luffing jib. The wide range of models available often make
it Difficult to choose a crane suitable for any particular site but most
tower cranes can be classified into one of four basic groups thus: -
1. Self-Supporting Static Tower Cranes high lifting capacity with the mast or
tower fixed to a foundation base they are suitable for confined and open sites.

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2. Supported Static Tower Cranes similar in concept to self-supporting cranes
and are used where high lifts are required, the mast or tower being tied at suitable
intervals to the structure to give extra stability.

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3. Travelling Tower Cranes these are tower cranes mounted on power bogies
running on a wide gauge railway track to give greater site coverage only slight
gradients can be accommodated therefore a reasonably level site or specially
constructed railway support trestle is required.

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4. Climbing Cranes these are used in conjunction with tall buildings and structures.
The climbing mast or tower is housed within the structure and raised as the height of
the structure is increased. Upon completion the crane is dismantled into small sections
and lowered down the face of the building.

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