Group Standard PV 3347

Issue 2010-03
Class. No.: 8KB16

Descriptors: engine component, cleanliness, analysis, foreign matter, residual particle

Cleanliness of Engine Components

Determining Residual Particle Quantities

Previous issues
PV 3347: 2000-05, 2001-02, 2004-04, 2006-11

Changes
The following changes have been made as compared to PV 3347: 2006-11:
Standard restructured and completely revised
Referenced standards added

Contents
Page
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................... 2
2 Description ................................................................................................................. 2
3 General ...................................................................................................................... 2
4 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................. 2
5 Aim ............................................................................................................................. 2
6 Testing equipment ...................................................................................................... 2
6.1 Test bed and auxiliary equipment .............................................................................. 2
6.2 Chemicals .................................................................................................................. 3
6.3 Filter ........................................................................................................................... 3
6.4 Drying cabinet ............................................................................................................ 3
6.5 Analytical balance, desiccator .................................................................................... 3
6.6 Test equipment required for visual examination and evaluation ................................ 4
7 Performing the cleanliness analysis ........................................................................... 4
7.1 Component removal ................................................................................................... 4
7.2 Extraction method ...................................................................................................... 4
7.3 Handling and analysis of the filter membrane ........................................................... 5
7.4 Evaluation .................................................................................................................. 5

Check standard for current issue prior to usage.

This electronically generated standard is authentic and valid without signature. Page 1 of 12
The English translation is believed to be accurate. In case of discrepancies the German version shall govern.
Numerical notation acc. to ISO practice.

Technical responsibility Standards Department

I/EZ-11 Reinhold Eitelhuber
G/GQ-25 Zsuzsanna Nagyne Barna Tel.: +36-96-66-3071 Tel.: +49-841-89-32120
Confidential. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be transmitted or reproduced without prior permission of a Standards Department of the Volkswagen Group.
Parties to a contract can only obtain this standard via the B2B supplier platform www.vwgroupsupply.com.
Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft VWNORM-2008-12l
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7.4.1 Determination of the particle quantity for the entire component ................................. 5
7.4.2 Determination of the particle quantity for separate areas .......................................... 6
7.4.3 Determination of particle size ..................................................................................... 6
7.4.4 Handling ..................................................................................................................... 6
7.4.5 Cleanliness requirements ........................................................................................... 6
7.5 Cleanliness of the analysis system determination of the blank value ..................... 6
8 Documentation ........................................................................................................... 7
9 Setting up new analysis areas ................................................................................... 8
10 Recommended sources of supply .............................................................................. 8
11 Referenced documents .............................................................................................. 9
Appendix A .................................................................................................................................. 10
Appendix B .................................................................................................................................. 11

1 Scope
This standard is used for both the determination of the residual particle quantities and the distribution
of particle sizes on engine components. Fuel system components are not covered by this standard.
It therefore applies to sample testing and series-production testing at all engine production locations
of the Volkswagen Group.
The stipulations in Test Specification PV 3347 takes precedence over recommendations in VDA Vol
ume 19 "Testing of Technical Cleanliness", which provides supplementary information on individual
items described in PV 3347.
In drawings and Performance Specifications, the implementation of this standard requires the fol
lowing note: "Determination of the residual particle quantity of engine components acc. to PV 3347"

2 Description
Cleanliness of engine components acc. to PV 3347

3 General
The function of an engine is determined, among other things, by the cleanliness of the individual parts
and sub-assemblies of the ASSY that are used in especially sensitive engine areas.

4 Terms and definitions

Definitions acc. to VDA Volume 19

5 Aim
This Test Specification serves to make the Group-wide cleanliness analyses uniform and comparable
and thus promotes the universal aim of increasing cleanliness.

6 Testing equipment

6.1 Test bed and auxiliary equipment

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Stainless steel collecting basin with sloping bottom

Workpiece support (grating, hanger, or similar)
Objective: Its purpose is to avoid placing the parts under test directly in the collecting basin and
to ensure that all particles are gathered (no adherence to component edges due to contact with
basin).
Pressure reservoir with pressure regulator, pressure gage, pressure hose and ventilation valve
Spray nozzle (HV nozzle, diameter 8 mm, no. 448, see Section 10); other spray nozzle types
must be approved by the purchaser's responsible Quality Management Departments after pre
sentation of fading-curve measurements.
Rinsing adapter for holes
Vacuum tank with ventilation valve and connection to vacuum pump
Vacuum pump with adjustable vacuum
Filter cascade consisting of 2 filter elements and funnel
Teflon gaskets (to seal the filter cascade)
Squeegee (to wipe the collecting basin)
Lint-free cloth
Ultrasonic bath
Crystallization bowl
Recommended:
Sealed-off test cabinet
If not possible: pressure reservoir, filter cascade, etc.

6.2 Chemicals
Cold-cleaning agent for cleanliness analysis, hazard class A2 or A3

6.3 Filter
Mesh size 100 m: fibrous polyester filter (or polyamide), diameter approx. 50 mm
Mesh size 20 m: fibrous polyester filter (or polyamide), diameter approx. 50 mm
Other filters (such as, e.g., cellulose nitrate filters) may be used for tests without gravimetric deter
mination of the particle load.

6.4 Drying cabinet

Approx. 50 l capacity
Temperature up to 250 C (without forced ventilation)

6.5 Analytical balance, desiccator

Analytical balance: display accuracy 0,1 mg (recommended accuracy: 0,01 mg), sealable side walls
Note: observe test equipment capability
Desiccator with desiccant
Drying agent: silica gel with an indicator showing the moisture condition of the gel
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6.6 Test equipment required for visual examination and evaluation

Microscope
Particle counting microscope (minimum requirement: resolution of 10 m per pixel)
Endoscope
Recommended: scanning electron microscope/EDS

7 Performing the cleanliness analysis

7.1 Component removal

For purposes of manufacturing process control, the components are removed from individual parts
or assemblies released for installation after the entire manufacturing process is completed. Random
checks are to be performed on the entire process chain by removing components directly from the
assembly line and testing them on site. The location at which parts are removed from the assembly
line must always be documented.
Exceptions may occur in the case of channels or passages that are sealed for installation (e.g. gray
cast-iron cylinder block and crankcase, cylinder head). Such exceptions must be specified separately.
For, e.g., gray cast-iron cylinder block and crankcase, cleaning should be performed before installing
the piston-cooling nozzles and the oil duct cap (avoidance of remaining analysis fluid that could lead
to corrosion).
The cleanliness analysis should be performed immediately after removal of the parts. It must be
guaranteed that the parts are protected from dust during transport. The parts under test must be
transported by a suitable means of transportation.
The random check must be performed on at least 5 parts. Deviations must be specified in consultation
with the Quality Assurance Department of the plant for which the parts are destined. The scope of
random checks must be specified for each component in the Test Specification or in the test plan.
Component size and wash process cleanliness requirements (process stability) are to be taken into
consideration in this process.
The appropriate process or working instructions must be followed in case the target value is exceed
ed.

7.2 Extraction method

The test conditions applying to each component or to each component family are to be specified in
a separate Test Specification. The extraction conditions must specified by means of rinsing tests acc.
to VDA Volume 19 that are carried out until no further particles are rinsed off. Exceptions to this rule
may be defined by the responsible Quality Assurance Department of the plant where the engine is
manufactured.
The component manufacturer is responsible for creating the Test Specification. The Test Specifica
tion must be presented prior to start of production and must be released by the Quality Management
Department of the respective recipient.
The extraction (including post-rinsing) is to be carried out in accordance with the released Test Spec
ification valid for the respective component.
Post-rinsing must be carried out in such a way as to ensure compliance with the required blank value.
The entire cabinet surface must be rinsed during the post-rinsing process.
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The extraction method must be selected according to the recommendations given in VDA Vol
ume 19.

7.3 Handling and analysis of the filter membrane

Step 1: Dry the filters (100 m, 20 m) until they reach a constant weight (1 h at 105 C, for example).
Step 2: Cool the dried filters in the desiccator until they reach a constant weight (1 h, for example).
Step 3: Weigh the dried and cooled filters.
Step 4: Replace the filters and the sealing rings in the filter cascade from top to bottom, 100 m,
20 m
(Step 5: Component testing)
Step 6: Draw the analysis fluid through the filter cascade using a vacuum pump.
Step 7: Remove and dry the filters until they reach a constant weight (e.g. 1 h at 105 C).
Step 8: Cool the filters (e.g. 1 h) in the desiccator with subsequent determination of weight.
Step 9: Loosen particles sticking to the component and transfer them to the inserted filter.

Notes:
Post-treatment of cleaned components:
After the cleaning process, the components are degreased through the use of cold-cleaning
agent.
Thus, they may corrode within a short time. Conservation measures must be taken depending
on the manufacturing environment, humidity, etc.
Grounding of equipment:
The cleaning areas and measuring equipment components that come into contact with the anal
ysis fluid or its gases must be grounded. Fire-protection measures must be taken.
Occupational safety regulations must be taken into consideration when designing the test cabi
nets (e.g., extraction or completely sealed off extraction areas).
Visual examination:
Chips sticking to the part (e.g., in holes) must be examined by suitable means (e.g., using an
endoscope).
For components with a target value < 10 mg per part:
parts may be analyzed one after the other or together in order to gain informative measuring
values.

7.4 Evaluation

7.4.1 Determination of the particle quantity for the entire component

Calculate the weight difference using the following formula: G = Gn - Gv
G = weight difference [mg]
Gn = filter weight after cleaning [mg]
Gv = filter weight before cleaning [mg]
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7.4.2 Determination of the particle quantity for separate areas

For example on cylinder block and crankcase, separation between pressurized oil area/remaining
area
1. Pressurized oil area Goil = Gn (Oil) - Gv (Oil)
2. Remaining areas GRest = Gn (Rest) - Gv (Rest)
Total particle quantity in cylinder block and crankcase: G = GOil + OilRest

7.4.3 Determination of particle size

The particle size and type must be determined, if required. The particle size is preferably determined
using the 100 m filter with a reflected light microscope, for example.
It is recommended to examine the entire filter systematically for any irregularities.
Note: There are some harmful particles with a size smaller than the target values for particle sizes
specified in VW 01134 "Cleanliness Requirements for Engine Components" (e.g. sand, particles from
fracture splitting).

7.4.4 Handling
When handling the filters it is to be ensured that no particles loosen from the filter (especially during
transport of dried filters).

7.4.5 Cleanliness requirements

Cleanliness requirements are specified in separate documents (e.g. process performance specifica
tions for engines, module "cleanliness", quality agreement with the supplier, VW 01134).
Note: When using cleanliness requirements as target values, e.g., in quality agreements, it is to
indicate that these requirements do not always lead to the failure of every component or assembly if
the target values are exceeded. However, exceeding the target value increases the probability of a
failure. The cleanliness analysis is a measure for process assurance.

7.5 Cleanliness of the analysis system determination of the blank value

The purpose of determining the blank value is to evaluate all possible influences on the analysis result
from the beginning of the analysis up to particle evaluation (weight determination) with respect to their
effect on the analysis result.
The following are examples of possible influences:
Environmental influences (dust, air, humidity)
Analysis fluid (cold-cleaning agent)
Residual foreign matter from a previous test which has not been removed completely
A dummy run without components must be conducted to ensure that these influences do not signif
icantly affect the analysis result. The blank value is determined throughout the whole analysis pro
cess, starting with rinsing out the collecting basin with a quantity of fluid appropriate for the intended
component and applying analysis filters 20/100 m used for series production up to determining the
weight. If the means of transportation are subject of the cleanliness analysis, their soiling must also
be considered when determining the blank value.
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The blank value must be 10% of the current or intended particle quantity target value of the com
ponent. The appropriate process or working instructions must be followed in case the target value is
exceeded. The complete test device must be cleaned thoroughly. Its cleanliness must be documented
by means of a subsequent blank value measurement.
The blank value must be determined on a regular basis. The frequency of this process must be defined
in a working instruction.
The following must be considered:
If there is not yet a target value for the component, the blank value in relation to the actual value
of the analysis may be examined.
If the analysis fluid is used several times, it must be considered that it may contain foreign matter,
e.g. preservatives, so that the cleaning effect is reduced.
If there is also a requirement regarding the maximum permissible particle length for a component,
the maximum permissible particle size must be evaluated for the blank value.
It must be ensured that the blank value meets the requirements of VDA Volume 19 regarding the
specified particle quantities and particle sizes. Exception: Particle length blank value: target value/2
(example: requirement 600 m, max. blank value 300 m)
An evaporation analysis performed at regular intervals is necessary in order to check the extent to
which the cleaning agent used in the circuit is soiled with tramp oil. For this purpose, 5 ml of cold-
cleaning agent are poured into a bowl (whose tare weight has been determined beforehand) and then
evaporated in a drying cabinet in the following stages:
2 h at 60 C (period may be extended by 0 to + 30 min, including the time required to heat the
drying cabinet to 100 C)
3 h at 100 C (0 to + 15 min).
The difference in weight is determined after a cooling period of one hour in the desiccator. If the weight
difference exceeds 20 mg, the cleaning agent and, if required, the filter cartridge of the return filtering
system must be replaced.
The blank values for both particle quantity and particle length as well as the degree of soiling with
tramp oil and resulting measures must be documented.
Note:
The blank value measurement is to be performed directly after a cleanliness test, but without thorough
cleaning of the basin or the test cabinet. The thorough cleaning of the test equipment is not equivalent
to a blank value measurement.

8 Documentation
The results must be stored in a database.
Archiving:
Either the filters for which a particle analysis has been carried out, or the corresponding high-
resolution images must be archived.
Filters must be archived if values set forth in the respective regulations have been exceeded
(e.g. slide frame).
All images and archived filters must be kept for three months.
The test report must contain photographs of or the categorization (e.g. metal chips, plastic, fiber,
molding sand etc.) for at least the three largest particles.
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9 Setting up new analysis areas

Small parts can be cleaned in the ultrasonic bath. For safety reasons, only cold-cleaning agent
A3 (VW mat. No. 292829) may be used for this.
For heavy parts (e.g. cylinder block and crankcase), lifting or turning equipment must be provided
and the ergonomic guidelines must be complied with when laying out the analysis area.
When designing the rinsing cabinet, attention must be paid to ensure that all of the cleaning fluid
is collected during the extraction process (e.g. provide enclosure).

10 Recommended sources of supply

Spray nozzle: HV nozzle, diameter 8 mm, no. 448 (0,9 mm output di
ameter; spray shape: hollow cone)
SMB Olaf Raschdorff
71711 Steinheim, Germany
Filters: 100 m, 20 m polyester or polyamide filter
Diameter approx. 50 mm
Helmuth Heidland (technical fabrics)
Fritz-Reuter-Str. 3
33428 Harsewinkel, Germany
or
Sefar GmbH
Salzburger Str. 19
83512 Wasserburg, Germany
Cold-cleaning agent for cleanliness analy VW stock no. 29 0003 (hazard class A2)
sis: VW stock no. 29 2829 (hazard class A3)
e.g.
cold-cleaning agent AP 760 as provided by Pfinder
or
ISOPAR G (hazard class A2)
Deutsche Exxon Chemical GmbH
Filter cascade: Stainless steel filter cascade, part no. 16201 and
2 pieces stainless steel prefilter attachment, part no.
16807
Sartorius Company
Weender Landstr. 94-108
37075 Gttingen, Germany
Filter for repeated use of the analysis liquid: Mesh size of the filter 3 m
optional (e.g., Sartorius)
Desiccator: optional (e.g., Laborcenter Nrnberg)
Squeegee: optional (resistant to solvents)
Pressure reservoir and vacuum tank: optional (e.g., Sartorius)
Vacuum pump: optional (e.g., Sartorius)
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Analytical balance: optional (e.g., Sartorius)

Drying cabinet: optional (e.g., Binder or Laborcenter Nrnberg)
Gaskets: e.g. material PTFE, Sartorius order no.: 6980104
Collecting basin: optional (z.B. Hydac)
Particle counting microscope optional (e.g. Jomesa)
SEM/EDS optional (e.g. RJL)

11 Referenced documents
The following documents cited in this standard are necessary for application.
In this Section terminological inconsistencies may occur as the original titles are used.
Standards with the titles given in German are either only available in German or may be procured in
other languages from the institution issuing the standard.

VW 01134 Cleanliness Requirements for Engine Components

VDA Volume 19 Testing of Technical Cleanliness
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Appendix A (informative)

Figure A.1 Working instructions for cleanliness analysis acc. to PV 3347

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Appendix B (informative)

Figure B.1 Exemplary test instruction

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Figure B.2 Exemplary test instruction