Vukazich

Fall 2016
CE 160 Notes: Virtual Work Frame Example

1k C

8 ft
B D E

10 ft 8k

5 ft 6 ft

The statically determinate frame from our internal force diagram example is made up of columns
that are W8x48 (I = 184 in4) members and a beam that is a W10x22 (I = 118 in4). The modulus
of elasticity of structural steel is 29,000 ksi, which yields the following bending stiffnesses:

EIABC = 5,336,000 k-in2

EIBDE = 3,422,000 k-in2

Find the horizontal displacement of point C using the method of virtual work.

Real Problem
We found the Shear, Moment, and Axial force diagrams for this frame in a previous
example earlier in the semester.

1 CE 160 Virtual Work Frame Example

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Moment Diagram of Real or P-System (MP diagram)
(You should review your notes and verify this is the correct diagram)

C
18 k-ft
8 k-ft

10 k-ft D E

B
12 k-ft
6 ft

A 8 ft

Virtual Problem

Virtual System to measure C

1 C

8 ft
B D E

10 ft

5 ft 6 ft

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Free Body Diagram of Virtual System (or Q-system)

1
C

8 ft Ey
B D

10 ft

Ax

Ay

5 ft 6 ft

Equilibrium ! = 0; ! = 0; ! = 0 yields the following support reactions:

1
C

8 ft
B D E

1.6364
10 ft

A 1

1.6364

5 ft 6 ft

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Virtual Moment Diagram (MQ diagram)
(You should be able to verify this is the correct diagram)

C
18 ft 8 ft 13.091 ft

10 ft E

B D

8 ft

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Use Table 4 in the text to evaluate the virtual work product integrals that come from the principle
of virtual work:

!
1
1 ! = ! !
!

Integrate over three segments: AB, BC, and BDE

MQ Diagram MP Diagram

C C
18 ft 8 ft 18 k-ft
13.091 ft
8 k-ft

E 10 k-ft D E
10 ft
B D B
12 k-ft
6 ft
8 ft

A 8 ft
A

Segment AB
From Virtual Work Integral Table (see page 8):

1 1
! ! = 10 ft 10 k-ft 10 ft
3 3

= 333.333 k-ft3
= 576,000 k-in 3

Segment BC
From Virtual Work Integral Table (see page 8):

1 1
! ! = 8 ft 8 k-ft 8 ft
3 3

=170.6667 k-ft3
= 294,912 k-in 3
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Segment BDE -- Split into two segments at inflection point of MP diagram (point Z)

18 12
=
5

x = 3 ft

MQ Diagram MP Diagram

13.091 ft 18 k-ft
18 ft

E D E

B Z
B Z
12 k-ft
6 ft
8 ft
3 ft
3 ft 8 ft

Segment BZ

18 ft 18 k-ft
13.091 ft

B Z B Z

3 ft
3 ft

From Virtual Work Integral Table (see page 8):

1 1
! + 2! ! = 13.091 ft +2 18 ft 18 k-ft 3 ft
6 6

= 441.818 k-ft3
= 763,461.8167 k-in 3
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7 CE 160 Virtual Work Frame Example

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Segment ZDE

13.091 ft

Z D
E E
Z
12 k-ft

8 ft
2 ft 6 ft

From Virtual Work Integral Table (see page 8):

Note that result is negative due to dissimilar curvatures

1 1
! ! + = 13.091 ft 12 k-ft 8 ft + 6 ft
6 6

= -366.5454 k-ft3
= -633,390.54 k-in 3

Total for segment BDE

763,461.8167 k-in3 - 633,390.54 k-in3 = 130,071.28

Divide by EI of each segment

576,000 k-in3 294,912 k-in3 130,071.28 k-in3

! = + +
5,336,000 k-in2 5,336,000 k-in2 3,422,000 k-in2

! = 0.1079 in + 0.05527 in + 0.03801 in

= . in
Result is positive, so deflection is in the direction of the unit load to the right

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Product Integral Evaluation using Table 4 in text:

9 CE 160 Virtual Work Frame Example