FACULTY OF MEDICINE UPH

LIPPO VILLAGE KARAWACI TANGERANG - BANTEN

MANUAL OF ANATOMY LABORATORY

Bernard SM Hutabarat; dr, PAK
Stefanus S.S; dr, M.Biomed

BLOCK : MUSCULOSKELETAL ( MSK )

SEMESTER 3 2017 / 2018

MORTUI VIVOS DOCENT

( THE DEAD TEACH THE LIVING )

GENERAL RULES AT THE DISSECTING ROOM.

STUDENTS :

1. Prepare him / herself for Laboratory practice, including :

1.1. Study the Lab. Manual accordingly before coming to Dissection Room.
1.2. Bring along Anatomy dissecting instruments ( minimum 1 for each group )
1.3. Must bring along Lab. Manual, Anatomy atlas and ( if necessary )
anatomy lecture materials
1.4. Wear Laboratory dress properly
2. Respect the cadavers as the students respect their teachers.
3. NOT Allowed to take cadavers photo and video.
4. NOT make fun of cadavers or parts of the cadavers whatever the condition of
the cadavers or parts of the cadavers might be.
5. NOT throw part of the cadaver if his / her fellow student wants to borrow the
specimen
6. Give / take directly the specimen from his / her fellow student if he / she wants
to lend / borrow the specimen.
7. NOT damage cadavers or parts of the cadavers on purpose or for fun.
8. NOT playing during practise in the lab
9. Work very carefully to avoid accidents from dissection instruments.

WEEK ( LABORATORY ) IV : AUGUST 28, 29, 31, 2017

TOPIC : VERTEBRAL COLUMN ( COLUMNA VERTEBRALIS )

COMPETENCEY AREA :5

COMPETENCY LEVEL : 4A ( ABLE TO IDENTIFY )

LEARNING OBJECTIVES :

After finished laboratory practice Student should be able to identify:

1. Types of vertebra ( cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacrum )

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2. Difference between true and false vertebras ( vertebrae verae et spuriae )
3. General characteristics of the vertebra .
4. Specific characters of cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebra
5. Cervical 1 ( Atlas ) , Cervical 2 ( axis , epistropheus ) and their characteristics.
6. Sacrum and its parts.
7. Primary and secondary curvatures of the vertebral column.

ATTENTION FOR STUDENTS

To achieve learning objectives students at Dissection Room do the following

procedures :

1. Identify types of the vertebra. How did you differenciate the vertebra from each other ?.
Look for :
1.1. Cervical vertebra ( vertebra cervicalis )
- Describe about typical and atypical cervical vertebrae and the
characteristic of typical and atypical cervical vertebrae
- Describe about vertebral artery in the cervical vertebrae
- What is the name of anatomic structure that passes near transverse
foramen ? Name the location where this strucure passes !
1.2. Thoracic vertebras ( vertebrae thoracica )
1.3. Lumbar vertebra ( vertebra lumbalis )
1.4. Sacrum
2. Discuss among the group what is true vertebra ( vertebra vera ) and false vertebras
( vertebra spuria ).
3. Identify general characteristics of the vertebra . Look for :
3.1. Vertebral body ( corpus vertebrae )
Speciificly at the thoracic vertebral body look for :
3.1.1. Superior costal facet ( fovea costalis superior )
3.1.2. Inferior costal facet ( fovea costalis inferior )
With what bone do superior and Inferior costal facets articulate ?
3.2. Vertebral foramen ( foramen vertebrale )
3.3. Discuss among the group what is the name of the canal that was formed by the
unision of vertebral foramens. What anatomical structure located in that canal ?
3.4. Vertebral arch ( arcus vertebrae ). Look for :
3.3.1. Pedicle ( pediculus arcus vertebrae)
3.3.2. Lamina ( lamina arcus vertebrae )
What is clinical application of lamina ? What is the name of surgical procedures at
lamina ?
3.5. Spinous process ( processus spinosus vertebrae )
What is the difference among cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebra. Discuss it.
3.6. Transverse process ( processus transversus vertebrae )
Look for transverse costal facet ( fovea costalis processus transversi ) at thoracic
vertebra. With what bone do transverse costal facet articulate ?
3.7. Superior articular process ( processus articularis superior, zygapophysis superior )
3.8. Inferior articular process ( processus articularis inferior, zygapophysis inferior )
3.9. Superior vertebral notch ( incisura vertebralis superior )
3.10. Inferior vertebral notch ( incisura vertebralis inferior )
3.11. Discuss among the group what is the name of the hole formed by superior and
inferior vertebral notches. What is the name of anatomic structure that pass through
that hole.

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 3.12. Mammillary process ( processus mammillaris ), only at lumbar vertebra
3.13. Accessory process ( processus accessorius ), only at lumbar vertebra
3.14. Discuss among the group, why thoracic vertebra 12 is the most common site
of fracture ?
4. Identify Cervical I ( C I , atlas ). Why did this vertebra call atlas ? Look for :
4.1. Anterior arch ( arcus anterior atlantis )
4.1.1. Facet for dens ( fovea dentis )
4.1.2 Anterior. tubercle ( tuberculum anterius atlantis )
4.2. Posterior arch ( arcus posterior atlantis )
4.2.1. Groove / canal for vertebral artery ( sulcus / canalis arteriae vertebralis )
4.2.2. Posterior. tubercle ( tuberculum posterius atlantis )
4.3. Lateral mass ( massa lateralis atlantis ) :
4.3.1. Superior articular surface ( facies articularis superior )
With what bone do superior articular surface articulate? What is the name
of the joint?
4.3.2. Inferior articular surface ( facies articularis inferior )
5. Identify Axis ( C II , epistropheus ). Look for dens ( dens axis / epistropheus ) and its parts:
5.1. Apex ( apex dentis )
5.2. Anterior articular facet ( facies articularis anterior )
5.3. Posterior articular facet ( facies articularis posterior )
5.4. What structure that hold the position of dens from
6. Identify sacrum. Look for :
6.1. Base of sacrum ( basis sacri ). Look for :
6.1.1. Promontory ( promontorium ). What is its clinical application ?
6.1.2. Ala / wing of sacrum ( ala ossis sacri )
6.1.3. Superior articular process ( processus articularis superior )
6.2. Apex of sacrum ( apex ossis sacri ; apex ossis sacralis )
6.3. Lateral part of sacrum ( pars lateralis ossis sacri ) :
6.3.1 .Auricular surface ( facies auricularis ossis sacri )
With what bone do this part articulate ?
What is the name of that joint ?
6.3.2. Sacral tuberosity ( tuberositas ossis sacri )
6.4. Pelvic surface of sacrum ( facies pelvica ossis sacri )
6.4.1. Transverse ridges ( lineae transversae )
6.4.2. Intervertebral foramina ( foramina intervertebralia )
6.4.3. Anterior sacral foramina ( foramina sacralia anteriora )
6.5. Dorsal surface of sacrum ( facies dorsalis ossis sacri ) :
6.5.1. Median sacral crest ( crista sacralis media ) What made this crest ?
6.5.2. Posterior sacral foramina ( foramina sacralia posteriora )
6.5.3. Intermediate sacral crest ( crista sacralis medialis ) What made this crest ?
6.5.4. Lateral sacral crest ( crista sacralis lateralis ). What made this crest ?
6.5.5. Sacral cornu / horn ( cornu sacrale )
6.5.6. Sacral canal ( canalis sacri ). Look for saadral hiatus ( hiatus sacralis )
6.6. What is the difference between pelvic and dorsal surfaces? What makes that
difference? Discuss it among the group.
7. Discuss among the group :
7.1. Characteristic form of vertebral column Fick.
7.2. What makes the characteristic form of vertebral column Fick.
7.3. Primary and secondary curvatures of the spine. Identify at the specimen.
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SPECIMENS :

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1. Vertebrae
2. Skeleton
3. Anatomy model

LITERATURES :

1. Atlas of Anatomy
2. Federative International Programme on Anatomical Terminologies : Terminologia
Anatomica, 2nd edit.,Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart New York.
3. Textbook of Anatomy
4. Lecture materials

INSTRUCTORS :

1. Bernard SM Hutabarat, dr, PAK

2. Stefanus S. Sumali,dr,MBiomed.
3. Deisy Budiono, dr

GOD SPEED AND BLESS THE STUDENTS

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