THERMAL STRESSES IN A SIMPLY SUPPORTED PLATE WITH

THERMAL BENDING MOMENTS

K. C. Deshmukh1, M. V. Khandait2, S. D. Warbhe3, and V. S. Kulkarni4

1
Departement of Mathematics, Nagpur University, Nagpur-440033 Maharashtra, India.
2
Department of Mathematics, Kamala Nehru Mahavidyalaya, Sakardara, Nagpur,
Maharashtra, India.
3
Research Scholar, Department of Mathematics, Nagpur University, Nagpur-440033
Maharashtra, India.
4
Department of Mathematics, Government College of Engineering, Aurangabad,
Maharashtra, India.

Received 9 November 2009; accepted 7 February 2010

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we consider a thin simply supported rectangular plate defined as

0 x a, 0 y b, 0 z c and determined the temperature distribution function
subjected to the arbitrary initial heat supply. The thermal stress component xx , yy , xy are
evaluated due to thermal bending moments. The results are illustrated in the form of series
solutions.

Keywords: Thermoelastic problem, Thermal stresses, Heat generation.

1 INTRODUTION

Tanigawa Y. et al [6] discussed thermal stress analysis of a rectangular plate and its thermal
stress intensity factor for compressive stress field. Ishihara M., et al [2] studied theoretical
analysis of residual stresses removed by heat supply. Further Vihak V. M., et al. [5]
investigated the solution of the plane thermoelastic problem for a rectangular domain. Adams
R. J. et al [1] determined thermoelastic vibration of a laminated rectangular plate subjected to
a thermal shock. Gogulwar et al [7] studied thermal stresses in a rectangular plate due to
partially distributed heat supply. Kulkarni et al [8] deals with the realistic problem of the
quasi-static thermal stresses in a rectangular plate subjected to constant heat supply on the
extreme edges ( x a, y b) whereas the initial edges ( x 0, y 0) are thermally insulated.

Recently, Khandait et al [9] determined the quasi-static thermal stresses in a finite thin
rectangular plate. Also Deshmukh and Khandait [10] studied a quasi-static problem in a
thermo-isotropic elasticity concerning on semi-infinite rectangular plate, when part of its
boundary kept insulated and the rectangular plate being subjected to a concentrated heat
source located inside the plate.

Int. J. of Appl. Math and Mech. 6 (18): 1-12, 2010.

2 K. C. Deshmukh et al.

In this paper, we consider a simply supported rectangular plate and discussed the deflection
with the help of resultant moment. Also, evaluated the thermal stress component due to
thermal bending and shearing stress function.

2 FORMATION OF THE PROBLEM

Consider a rectangular paralleopiped with its dimensions 0 x a, 0 y b, 0 z c

which is initially kept at temperature F ( x, y, z) .

The boundary value problem of heat conduction of a homogeneous isotropic solid is given as,

2T 2T 1 T 2T
(2.1)
x2 y 2 z 2 t

Simply supported rectangular plate

Subjected to the conditions

T 0 at all boundary surfaces (2.2)

T F ( x, y, z) in 0 x a, 0 y b, 0 z c for t 0 (2.3)

where,

T T ( x, y, z)

and

is thermal conductivity of the material of the plate.

Here we consider a simply supported rectangular plate with its dimension a b subjected to
thermal load. The fundamental equation and the associated boundary conditions in the
cartesion coordinate system are given as,

1
2 2 w 2 MT , (2.4)
(1 ) D

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 Thermal Stresses In A Simply Supported Plate 3

where

2 2 2
2
x 2 y 2 z 2

with

2w 1
w 0, MT on x 0, x a (2.5)
x 2 (1 ) D

and

2w 1
w 0, MT on y 0, y b (2.6)
y 2 (1 ) D

where, w is the deflection, M T is the thermally induced resultant moment and D is the
bending rigidity of the plate.

We consider the equilibrium state in the in-plane directions of x and y .

Thus, the in-plate resultant forces

N x N y N xy o (2.7)

The resultant moments M x , M y , M xy per unit length of the plate are defined as,

2w 2w 1
M x D 2 2 MT , (2.8)
x y 1

2w 2w 1
M y D 2 2 MT , (2.9)
y x 1

and

2w
M xy (1 ) D (2.10)
xy

and the equilibrium equations of moments about x and y axes are

M x M yx
Qx 0 , (2.11)
x y

Int. J. of Appl. Math and Mech. 6 (18): 1-12, 2010.

4 K. C. Deshmukh et al.

M y M xy
Qy 0 (2.12)
y x

where Qx , Q y are the shearing forces.

D is the bending rigidity of the plate and M T is the thermally induced resultant moment of
the plate respectively, which are defined by

Eh 3
D (2.13)
12(1 2 )

where E be the Youngs modulus.

and

C
M T E Tzdz (2.14)
0

The thermal stress components in terms of the resultant forces and resultant moments are
given as, [11]

1 12z 1 1 12z
xx N x Mx N T 3 M T ET (2.15)
c c 3
(1 ) c c

1 12z 1 1 12z
yy N y My N T 3 M T ET (2.16)
c c 3
(1 ) c c

and

1 12z
xy N xy M xy (2.17)
c c3

where, the resultant force is

c
N T E Tdz (2.18)
0

The deflection with w 0 at x a, y b ,

The moments M x M y 0 at x a, y b

The shearing forces Qx Q y 0

and

Int. J. of Appl. Math and Mech. 6 (18): 1-12, 2010.

 Thermal Stresses In A Simply Supported Plate 5

The thermal stresses xx yy 0 at x a, y b

Equations (2.1) to (2.18) constitute the mathematical formulation of the problem.

3 SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM

Following Ozisik [3], we develop the integral transform and its inverse. On applying the
integral transforms and inverses to the equations (2.1) to (2.3), one obtains the expressions for
the temperature distribution, thermally induced resultant force and resultant moment as

2 2
sin
( m2 n2 2p ) t
T ( x, y , z ) m x. sin n y. sin p z.e .F ( m , n , p ) (3.1)
abc m 1 n 1 p 1

2 2Ec
(1) p 1 1

( m2 n2 2p ) t
NT sin m x. sin n y.e .F ( m , n , p ) (3.2)
abc m1 n1 p 1 p

and

2 2Ec 2
(1) p 1

( m2 n2 2p ) t
MT sin m x.sin n y.e .F ( m , n , p ) (3.3)
abc m1 n 1 p 1 p

Using equations (3.3) in (2.4), (2.5), (2.6), one obtains the thermal deflection as,

2 2Ec 2 (1) p 1


wx, y 2 2
( m2 n2 2p ) t
.F ( m , n , p )
(1 ) D abc m1 n1 p 1 p m n

sin m x. sin n y.e

(3.4)

Using (3.3) and (3.4) in (2.8), (2.9) and (2.10), one obtains the resultant moment as,

2 2Ec 2
(1) p 1 n2



( m2 n2 2p ) t
Mx sin m x. sin n y.e .F ( m , n , p )
abc

m 1 n 1 p 1 p m n
2
2

(3.5)

2 2Ec 2
(1) p 1 m2

( m2 n2 2p ) t
My .F ( m , n , p )
abc


m 1 n 1 p 1 p m n
2 2 sin m x. sin
n y.e

(3.6)

and

2 2Ec 2
(1) p 1 m n

2 2 m
( m2 n2 2p ) t
M xy .F ( m , n , p )
abc m1 n1 p 1 p m n
cos
x. cos n y.e

(3.7)

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6 K. C. Deshmukh et al.

Using equations (2.7), (3.1), (3.2), (3.3), (3.5), (3.6), (3.7), one obtains expressions for the
thermal stresses as,

12z 2 2E (1) p 1 n2

( m2 n2 2p ) t
xx sin m x. sin n y.e .F ( m , n , p )
c abc m 1 n 1 p 1 p m2 n2

1 2 2E (1) p 1 1

( m2 n2 2p ) t
sin x. sin y.e .F ( , , )
(1 ) abc m 1 n 1 p 1
m n m n p
p

12z 2 2E (1) p 1

( m2 n2 2p ) t
sin x. sin y.e .F ( , , )
c(1 ) abc m 1 n 1 p 1 p
m n m n p

1 2 2E

( 2 2 2 ) t
sin m x. sin n y. sin p z.e m n p .F ( m , n , p )

(1 ) abc m 1 n 1 p 1
(3.8)

12z 2 2E (1) p 1 m2

( m2 n2 2p ) t
yy sin m x. sin n y.e .F ( m , n , p )
c abc m 1 n 1 p 1 p m2 n2

1 2 2E (1) p 1 1

( m2 n2 2p ) t
sin x. sin y.e .F ( m , n , p )

(1 ) abc m 1 n 1 p 1
m n
p

12z 2 2E (1) p 1

( m2 n2 2p ) t
sin x. sin y.e .F ( , , )
c(1 ) abc m 1 n 1 p 1 p
m n m n p

1 2 2E

( m2 n2 2p ) t
sin x. sin y. sin z .e . F ( , , )
(1 ) abc m 1 n 1 p 1
m n p m n p

(3.9)

12z 2 2E (1) p 1 m n

( m2 n2 2p ) t
xy


c abc m 1 n 1 p 1 p m2 n2
cos m
x. cos n y.e . F ( m , n , p )


(3.10)

where

2 2
F ( m, n , p )
abc
sin m x. sin n y. sin p zF ( x, y, z )dxdydz

and
Int. J. of Appl. Math and Mech. 6 (18): 1-12, 2010.
 Thermal Stresses In A Simply Supported Plate 7

m, n, p are m th , n th , p th roots of transcendental equations

sin( m a) 0, sin( nb) 0, sin( p c) 0 .

Special Case:

If T ( x, y, z ) To is constant temperature at t o , then the expression for the temperature

distribution, thermal deflection and thermal stresses are obtained as,

2 2

2 2abcTo (1) p 1 1 (1) m 1 1 (1) n 1 1
T ( x, y , z ) 3
abc m 1 n 1 p 1 mnp (3.11)
( m2 n2 2p ) t
sin m x. sin n y. sin p z.e

wx, y

8Ec 2To (1) p 1 (1) p 1 1 (1) m1 1 (1) n1 1

4 (1 ) D m1 n1 p 1 mnp 2 m2 n2

(3.12)
( m2 n2 2p ) t
sin m x. sin n y.e

8ETo (1) p 1 (1) p 1 1 (1) m 1 1 (1) n 1 1 n2
12z 4
mnp 2 m2 n2
xx m 1 n 1 p 1
c
( ) t
sin m x. sin n y.e m n p .
2 2 2



8ET (1) p 1 1 2 (1) m 1 1 (1) n 1 1


1 4
o

2
m 1 n 1 p 1
mnp
(1 )
sin m x. sin n y.e
( m2 n2 2p ) t
(3.13)

8ETo (1) p 1 (1) p 1 1 (1) m 1 1 (1) n 1 1
12z 4
m 1 n 1 p 1 mnp 2
c(1 )
( ) t
sin m x. sin n y.e m n p
2 2 2



8ETo (1) p 1 1 (1) m 1 1 (1) n 1 1
1 3

m 1 n 1 p 1 mnp
(1 )
( m n p ) t

2 2 2

sin m x. sin n y. sin p z .e

Int. J. of Appl. Math and Mech. 6 (18): 1-12, 2010.

8 K. C. Deshmukh et al.

8ETo (1) p 1 (1) p 1 1 (1) m 1 1 (1) n 1 1 m2
12 z 4
mnp 2 m2 n2
yy m 1 n 1 p 1
c
sin m x. sin n y.e
( m n p ) t
2 2 2

.

8ET (1) p 1 1 (1) m 1 1 (1) n 1 1

2


1 4
o

2
(1 )
m 1 n 1 p 1 mnp
sin m x. sin n y.e
( m2 n2 2p ) t (3.14)

8ETo
(1) p 1
(1) p 1
1 (1) m 1

1 (1) 1 n 1

12 z 4
m 1 n 1 p 1 mnp 2

c(1 )
sin m x. sin n y.e
( m n p ) t
2 2 2


8ETo
(1) p 1
1 (1) m 1

1 (1) 1 n 1

1 3

m 1 n 1 p 1 mnp
(1 )
( m n p ) t

2 2 2

sin m x. sin n y . sin p z .e

8ETo

1 p 1 (1) p 1 1 (1) m 1 1 (1) n 1 1 m n

12z 4

xy
2 2 2

m 1 n 1 p 1 mnp m n (3.15)
c
( 2 2 2 ) t
cos m x. cos n y.e m n p

4 NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS

Dimension

Length of rectangular plate a 5m

Breadth of rectangular plate b 4m
Height of rectangular plate c2m

Material properties

The numerical calculation has been carried out for a copper (pure) thin hollow disk with the
material properties

Thermal diffusivity 112.34 10 6 m 2 s 1

Thermal conductivity k 386 W m 1 K 1
Density 8954 kg m 3
Specific heat c p 383 J kg 1 K 1
Poisson ratio 0.35
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion, at 16.5 106 K 1
Lam e constant 26.67 .

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 Thermal Stresses In A Simply Supported Plate 9

Roots of the transcendental equation

The m, n, p are m th , n th , p th roots of transcendental equations

sin( m a) 0, sin( nb) 0, sin( p c) 0

m n p
i. e. m , n , p
a b c

The numerical calculation has been carried out with the help of computational mathematical
software Mathcad-2000 and the graphs are plotted with the help of Excel (MS office-2007).
For convenience setting

8T0 8 Ec 2T0 8 ET0 8 ET0

A , B , C , D
3
(1 v) D
4
(1 v)
4
4

In order to examine the influence of constant heat supply on the extreme ends of plate one
performed numerical calculations in X and Y direction. Considering

lim m lim n lim p

n m m

e k t lim e k t lim e
k t
0
2 2 2

lim m n p

m n p

Also the term cosine and sine are bounded.

Thus necessary condition for convergence is satisfied, by applying D-Alemberts ratio test it
can be easily verify that all the series in (3.1), (3.4), (3.8) to (3.10) are convergent. Also the
term in the expression for temperature, deflection and thermal stresses are negligible for large
value of m, n and p and it converges to zero at infinity. Therefore for better accuracy
numerical calculations have been performed by taking m n p 100 with the help of
computer programme.

T w
Figure 1: Temperature distribution and 2: Deflection along X axis
A B
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10 K. C. Deshmukh et al.

From figure 1, it can be observed that, temperature and deflection starts to increase from
initial edge, it increases till the middle and again decreases towards the extreme edge in X
direction

xx yy xy
Figure 2: Thermal stresses along X axis 1: 2: 3:
C C D

From figure 2, it can be seen that, shear stresses develops tensile stresses where as resultant
stresses develops tensile stresses within 0 x 2.5 and compressive stresses within
2.5 x 5 in X direction.

T w
Figure 3: Temperature distribution and 2: Deflection along Y axis
A B
From figure 3, it can be observed that, temperature and deflection increases from initial edge,
towards the extreme edge in Y direction

Int. J. of Appl. Math and Mech. 6 (18): 1-12, 2010.

 Thermal Stresses In A Simply Supported Plate 11

xx yy xy
Figure 4: Thermal stresses along Y axis 1: 2: 3:
C C D

From figure 4, it can be seen that, shear stresses develops tensile stresses where as resultant
stresses compressive stresses in Y direction.

5 CONCLUSION

In discussing the thermal bending problem of a simply supported rectangular plate with
thickness c ,it can be assume that the deflection, which means a deformation in the out-of-
plane direction of the plate is small .In order to analyze the thermo-elastic behavior of a
simply supported rectangular plate we here introduce the concept of the resultant forces
N x , N y , N xy and the resultant moment M x , M y , M xy per unit length of the plate by
considering the equilibrium state in the in-plane direction of x and y . Furthermore, the
thermal stress components xx , yy , xy due to thermal bending moments are evaluated in
which the in-plane resultant forces N x , N y , N xy are omitted. As a special case the arbitrary
initial heat supply T ( x, y, z , t ) To is considered and determined the expressions for the
temperature distribution, thermal deflection and the stress functions when each boundary of a
rectangular plate is of zero temperature.

From the figures, it can be observed that,

Temperature and deflection takes place at middle part of rectangular plate.

Temperature and deflection are proportional to each other.

From figure 3, deflection occurs at extreme edge in Y direction.

Shear stresses develops tensile stresses in both X and Y direction.

Resultant stress develops compressive stresses in both X and Y direction.

Int. J. of Appl. Math and Mech. 6 (18): 1-12, 2010.

12 K. C. Deshmukh et al.

It means we may find out that due to initial constant heat supply the stresses and deflection
develops within rectangular plate. The both normal stress components and shear stress
component change sharply from initial edges to extreme edges of rectangular plate Also from
the figures of deflection it can be observed that the deflection occur through middle part of
rectangular plate towards Y the direction.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors are very thankful to University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India to provide
the partial financial assistance under major research project scheme.

REFERENCES

Adams R.J. & Bert C.W. thermo-elastic vibrations of a laminated rectangular plate subjected
to a thermal shock Journal of Thermal stress, Vol.22, pp.875-895(1999).

Ishihara M., Tanigawa Y., Kawamura R. & Noda N., Thermal stresses analysis of residual
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Technology, Thermal stresses 97 , pp. 235-238(1997).

M .V. Khandait and K.C.Deshmukh Thermoelastic problem in a rectangular plate with heat
generation, presented in Indian Mathematical Society conference, Pune, India, Dec2007.

M.V. Khandait and K.C.Deshmukh Thermal Stress analysis of a Rectangular Plate with Heat
generation, Published in the proceedings of ISTAM, Hyderabad, India, Dec2008

Naotake Noda, Thermal Stresses,2nd edition, published in 2003 by Taylor & Francis, New
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