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IN A STRUCTURE
IN A SERVICE
CALCULATED VALUE
SUPPLY DATA
PROTECTION MEASURES
ND AVERAGE ANNUAL NUMBER OF DANGEROUS EVENTS DUE TO FLASHES TO THE STRUCTURE 8.16E-03
Cd Location factor of the structure Isolated object: no other objects in the vicinity 1 Table 10 NTC 4552-2
AVERAGE ANNUAL NUMBER OF DANGEROUS EVENTS DUE TO FLASHES TO THE STRUCTURE AT "A"
NDa 3.26E-05
END OF THE LINE
Cd/a Location factor of the adjacent structure Object surrounded by objects or trees of the same heights or smaller 0.5 Table 10 NTC 4552-2
NM AVERAGE ANNUAL NUMBER OF DANGEROUS EVENTS DUE TO FLASHES NEAR THE STRUCTURE 4.74E-01
AVERAGE ANNUAL NUMBER OF DANGEROUS EVENTS DUE TO FLASHES TO A LINE ENTERING THE
NL 6.84E-06
STRUCTURE
AVERAGE ANNUAL NUMBER OF DANGEROUS EVENTS DUE TO FLASHES NEAR A LINE ENTERING THE
NI 3.80E-03
STRUCTURE
Al Collection area of flashes striking the service Aerial 18 m Table 12 NTC 4552-2
Ai Collection area of flashes to ground near the service Aerial 10000 m Table 12 NTC 4552-2
Probability PA that a flash to a structure will cause injury Electrical insulation of exposed down-conductor & Effective soil
PA 1.00E-04 Table 14 NTC 4552-2
to living beings equipotentialization
Probability PV of physical damage by a flash to a When SPD(s) are not provided for equipotential bonding in
Pv 1.00E+00 Table 16 or 19 NTC 4552-2
service entering the structure accordance with NTC4552-3
Kd Factor depending on characteristics of line With shield not in contact with the soil 4.00E-01 Table 21 NTC 4552-2
Kd Factor depending on characteristics of line With shield not in contact with the soil 0.4 Table 21 NTC 4552-2
ATTACHMENT A
REDUCTION FACTORS
LA Loss related to injury to living beings by step and touch voltage outside the structure 0.00E+00
Time in hours per year for which the persons are present
tp 24 h
in a dangerous place
ECONOMIC LOSS
LA Loss related to injury to living beings by step and touch voltage outside the structure 1.00E-04
ECONOMIC LOSS
Lf Loss due to physical damage Determination of np, nt and tp is uncertain or difficult 1.00E-01
Lo Loss due to failure of internal systems Determination of np, nt and tp is uncertain or difficult 1.00E-03
RISK COMPONENTS
IN A STRUCTURE
RA Component related to injury to living beings caused by touch and step voltages in the zones up to 3 m outside the structure 0.00E+00
RB Component related to physical damage caused by dangerous sparking inside the structure triggering fire or explosion, which
0.00E+00
may also endanger the environment
RU Component related to injury to living beings caused by touch voltage inside the structure, due to lightning current injected in a
0.00E+00
line entering the structure
Component related to physical damage (fire or explosion triggered by dangerous sparking between external installation and
RV metallic parts generally at the entrance point of the line into the structure) due to lightning current transmitted through or 0.00E+00
along incoming services
RW Component related to failure of internal systems caused by overvoltages induced on incoming lines and transmitted to the
0.00E+00
structure
RZ Component related to failure of internal systems caused by overvoltages induced on incoming lines and transmitted to the
0.00E+00
structure
RB Component related to physical damage caused by dangerous sparking inside the structure triggering fire or explosion, which
3.26E-06
may also endanger the environment
Component related to physical damage (fire or explosion triggered by dangerous sparking between external installation and
RV metallic parts generally at the entrance point of the line into the structure) due to lightning current transmitted through or 7.89E-08
along incoming services
RW Component related to failure of internal systems caused by overvoltages induced on incoming lines and transmitted to the
1.18E-09
structure
RZ Component related to failure of internal systems caused by overvoltages induced on incoming lines and transmitted to the
1.14E-07
structure
RB Component related to physical damage caused by dangerous sparking inside the structure triggering fire or explosion, which
1.63E-04
may also endanger the environment
RW Component related to failure of internal systems caused by overvoltages induced on incoming lines and transmitted to the
1.18E-08
structure
RZ Component related to failure of internal systems caused by overvoltages induced on incoming lines and transmitted to the
1.14E-06
structure
IN A SERVICE
RB Component related to physical damage due to mechanical and thermal effects of lightning current flowing along the line 8.16E-05
RC Component related to failure of connected equipment due to overvoltages by resistive coupling 8.16E-06
RV Component related to physical damage due to mechanical and thermal effects of lightning current 0.00E+00
RW Component related to failure of connected equipment due to overvoltages by resistive coupling 6.84E-09
RZ Component related to failure of lines and connected equipment caused by overvoltages induced on lines 1.14E-07
RB Component related to physical damage due to mechanical and thermal effects of lightning current flowing along the line 8.16E-04
RC Component related to failure of connected equipment due to overvoltages by resistive coupling 8.16E-06
RV Component related to physical damage due to mechanical and thermal effects of lightning current 0.00E+00
RW Component related to failure of connected equipment due to overvoltages by resistive coupling 6.84E-09
RZ Component related to failure of lines and connected equipment caused by overvoltages induced on lines 1.14E-07
(NTC4552-2)Table 10. Location Factor Cd
Relative location Cd
Tipo de transformador Ct
Service only 1
Without transformer 1
AI
Aerial 18
Buried 3
Undergroung cables running entirely within a highly
0
meshed earth termination
Environment Ce
Rural 1
Protection measure PA
No protection measures 1
Characteristics of structure PB
Table 16. Value of the probability PSPD as a function of LPL for which
SPDs are designed
LPL PDPS
No coordinated SPD protection 1
KMS PMS
0.4 1
0.15 0.9
0.07 0.5
0.035 0.1
0.021 0.01
0.016 0.005
0.015 0.003
0.014 0.001
0.013 0.0001
Table 19. Values of the probability PLD depending on the resistance RS of the cab
screen and the impulse withstand voltage Uw of the equipment
Resistance of the cable
Tipo de acometida shield 5 < Rs 20 [/km]
Uw No shield
Uw = 1.5 kV 1
Uw = 2.5 kV 0.4
Uw = 4 kV 0.2
Uw = 6 kV 1
Line Kd
Protection measure Kp
No protection measures 1
Un
Type of cable
[kV]
Power cable Un 1 kV 1
Power cable Un = 3 kV 3
Power cable Un = 6 kV 6
Power cable Un = 10 kV 10
Power cable Un = 15 kV 15
Power cable Un = 20 kV 20
Electronic 1.5
-
Table 25. Values of probability PB, PC, PV and PW
as a function of the failure current Ia
0 1
3 0.99
5 0.95
10 0.9
20 0.8
30 0.6
40 0.4
50 0.3
60 0.2
80 0.1
100 0.05
150 0.02
200 0.01
300 0.005
400 0.002
600 0.001
Type of structure Lt
All types (persons inside the building) 1E-04
Type of structure Lf
Others 1E-02
Type of structure Lo
Hospitals 1E-03
Agricultural, concrete 1
Marble, ceramic 1 - 10
Provisions rp
No provisions 1
Risk of fire rf
Explosion 1
High 1E-01
Ordinary 1E-02
Low 1E-03
None 0
No special hazard 1
Type of service Lf
Type of structure Lf
Others 1E-01
Type of structure Lo
Others 1E-04
-
n the service characteristics
Ai
10000
829
0
nding on internal wiring
KS3
0.1 1
0.02 1
0.002 1
0.0001 1
0.0000 1
0.00001 1
0.8 0.4
0.6 0.2
0.3 0.04
0.1 0.02
1 1
Uw
[kV]
1.5
15
45
60
75
95
125
V and PW
Ia
0.99
0.95
0.9
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.005
0.002
0.001
as a function
or
ra & r u
0.01
0.001
0.0001
0.00001
o for L2
Lo
1E-02
1E-03
Table A. Valores de PM
PU
Table D. Valores de Pw
Unshielded lines
Telecommunication lines
Others
Shielded lines
Unshielded lines
ores de PM
1.000000
0.030000
1.00E+00 1.00E-04
3.00E-02 3.00E-06
lues for PV
1.00E+00
3.00E-02
ores de Pw
1.00E+00
3.00E-02
lues for PZ
2.00E-01
3.00E-02
3.00E-02
1.00E+00
3.00E-02
1.00E+00
2.00E-01
3.00E-02
-
with a lead shield with an aluminium shield
40 20
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!