PERFORMANCE OF LINES 69

Vs

jIs X/2
Vc
Is R/2

Vr jIr X/2

Ic Is

Ir

Fig. 4.6 Phasor diagram for nominal-6.

For calculating regulation of the line refer to Fig. 4.5(a). The objective first is to calculate
Vs which is done as follows:

b g FG R + j X IJ
Vc = |Vr|cos r + j.|Vr|sin r + I r
H2 2K (4.12)

Ic = jCVc (4.13)
Is = Ic + Ir = Ir + jCVc (4.14)
FG R + j X IJ
Vs = Vc + Is
H2 2K
b g FG R + j X IJ + I FG R + j X IJ
= |Vr|cos r + j|Vr|sin r + Ir
H2 2K H2 2K s (4.15)

To calculate regulation it is required to calculate Vr the

receiving end no load voltage keeping Vs as calculated above fixed
in magnitude. The nominal-T circuit for this condition reduces R/2
to the following:
From Fig. 4.7, | Vs | jX/2
FG j IJ
Vr =
|Vs|
H C K (4.16)
R X j C Vr
+ j
2 2 C
Now the regulation for nominal-T can be obtained as %
Fig. 4.7 Equivalent circuit
Vr Vr under no load.
regulation = 100
Vr
To determine efficiency of the line it is suggested to make use of the following formula:
Power delivered at the receiving end
%= 100
Power delivered at the receiving end + loss
The other formula is
Power delivered at the receiving end
%=
Power sent at the sending end