LEBUH AMJ

Lebuhraya Alor GajahMelaka TengahJasin (Alor GajahCentral MalaccaJasin Highway)

or popularly known as Lebuh AMJ (Alor GajahCentral Malacca (Malacca)Jasin), Federal
Routes 19 (Malaccan side) and 5 (Johorean side) is a divided highway across Malacca
state, Malaysia.

HISTORY
Traces of early roads have been found since the recorded history of the mankind. The first
and oldest mode of travel obviously was foot path. Before invention of wheel, people used to
move on foot, thus creating foot paths. Men and material must have been transported either
on backs of men or animals. Lebuh AMJ was constructed due to the traffic congestion along
the former Federal Routes 19 (MelakaSimpang Ampat) and 5 (MelakaMuar). The Simpang
AmpatMalim section of the highway was constructed as an upgrade of the existing Federal
Route 19 route, while the Sungai DuyongKesang section of the highway was built as an
entirely new route. The project was started from 2001 and was completed in 2007 with the
total cost of RM505 million. Three interchanges were built along the highway, namely
Semabok Interchange, Al Azim Interchange and Malim Jaya Interchange. The entire Lebuh
AMJ was opened to traffic on 29 June 2007.
The Lebuh AMJ is notorious for having many unattended cows being left roaming along the
Sungai DuyongKesang section, posing risks of accidents to motorists. To reduce accidents
caused by the unattended cows, the state government of Melaka proposed safety measures
such as street lights, high-mast lighting and fences to be installed along the section, which
would cost RM5 million.

ROUTE BACKGROUND
Generally, the Lebuh AMJ runs northsouth from Simpang Ampat to Malacca City before
running from westeast from Malacca City to Muar. The entire Malaccan section of the
Lebuh AMJ is signed as Federal Route 19, while the Johorean section of the highway is
signed as Federal Route 5. The route numbers overlap along the section between Sungai
Duyong Intersection to Semabok Interchange. Meanwhile, the section between Malim and
Semabok was signed as Federal Route 191 but was decommissioned in 2012 when the entire
Lebuh AMJ was gazetted as FT19. The Kilometre Zero of the Federal Route 19 used to be
located at Jalan Hang Tuah-Jalan Kubu intersection in Malacca City. After the Lebuh AMJ
was gazetted as the Federal Route 19 in 2012, the Kilometre Zero was moved to Jalan Lama
Kesang Intersection at Kesang, Johor.
Transportation planning

Transport Engineering is an engineering field where scientific and technological principles

are used upward
planning, design, operation and management of facilities for any mode of transport so
people and goods can safely, quickly, comfortably, economically and not affect the
environment.

Transportation function to connect

Worker with process
Materials with ingredients
Users with materials
Friends with friends / sisters with relatives

Travel destination
Occupation
Shopping
Reactions / Pilgrimage
Moving goods

Factors affect travel output

Family income
Total family content
Ownership of vehicles
Number of family members
Public transport facilities
Distance from downtown

Factors affect travel attraction

Office / Factory
Business
Schools / universities
Hospital
Recreational park

Problems in transport
Traffic congestion
Traffic safety
Public transport congestion
Lack of public transport
Lack of parking
Shortage of moving goods
Shortage of pedestrian safety
Problems with the environment
Use of ineffective resources
Air pollutant discharges
Space use is ineffective
Distressed feelings
Losing safety
The view is not interesting
Noise / Vibrations

The process of transportation planning is

Census
Projection
Analysis
Assessment
Basic formation

The purpose of the traffic & transportation study

Know the current features and issues related to road and travel systems.
Develop policies that meet the needs of the transport system users.
Control the system that has been created.
Design a more effective future system.
TRANSPORT PLANNING PROCESS

1. TRANSPORT PLANNING OBJECTIVES:

Efficiency - fast and inexpensive (provision, operation and maintenance of transport

facilities)
Resource allocation - limited resource supply
Financial allocation-reducing financial allocation
Maintain the environment - minimize the impact on the environment.
Increase safety - reduce accident
As part of land use planning - good transportation infrastructure

2. TOWN TRANSPORT PLANNING PROCESS

Supply of inventory
Land use projections
Traveling revenue
Travel distribution
Transport type (Mod Break)
Traffic assignment
Assessment

Supply of inventory

The things to be identified are:

Land use in the study area

Human travel trends
Population information
Existing patterns and forms of transport.

There are two main tasks at this level:

Data collection
Data processing

Land Use Projection

Aim to determine the location and capability of land use in the study area, as input to the
estimated travel.

Travel earnings
Purpose - make estimates of earnings and travel withdrawals by a zone.

Travel distribution
Destination - get travel patterns inside the zone and between zones.
Selection of transportation type
Purpose - get the estimated travel amount for the type of transport whether private or public
transport.

Traffic assignment
The purpose - determines the route used in a transport network in the study area.

Assessment
Evaluation was carried out on several alternatives by considering the capability of the traffic
system as well as the impact on nature around to get the best transport system.

3. INVENTORY PREPARATION

3.1 Transport study area

Criteria for zoning:

In accordance with the needs of the study.

Based on land use and land use expectations.
Shaped geometry.
Not too small.
Integrate with the physical and borders of other agencies.

3.2 Collection of travel data

Movement in an area can be classified into four types:

Inside out
Deep inside
Outside in
Outside

3.3 Volume of traffic

Traffic volume is the number of vehicles passing through a point or section of a road at a
given time. Normal units
is a day or hourly vehicle. Complete volume studies include:

Classification of classification.
Traffic direction
Confirm volumes on the cross.
Changes in times, daily, seasons.
Among the objectives of the study are:

Designing pavement thickness.

Calculates the capabilities of a road user.
To choose the width of the road, road shoulder and bridge.
Determine the requirements of traffic control devices such as traffic lights, distribution etc.
Design the intersection.

3.4 Data collection techniques:

Manual method.
Automatic method.
Method of observing movement
Photographic methods.

3.5 Traffic volume information is presented in various forms as needed:

Daily Average Daily Trafic AADT.
Trends chart (Trend Chart)
Change chart (Variation chart)
Traffic flow map
The flow volume diagram at the crossroads.
Fill of the 30th highest hourly volume (30th highest hourly volume)

3.6 Speed and delay

The speed is divided into three types:
Travel speed
Running speed (acceleration)
Local speed (spot speed)

Method of Running Rate and Travel Speed:

Observers in high places.
Registration number method.
Floating vehicle method or Mobile Observation Method.
 3.7 Traffic analysis conducted by Road Designing Unit (UPJ):

Biannual Traffic Census:

Type 1: 7 day census is manually logged.

Type 2: 7 days of mechanical census and one day manual census.

Type 3: 1 day manual census. The information obtained is published in the "Malaysia Traffic
Volume" by UPJ JKR.

Origin & Destination Survey (Original & destination surveys)

The amount done is according to the project as well as the needs and capabilities of the staff.
The most frequently used method is road side interviews. Data is presented in the form of
Origin & Destination Table and Desire Lines.

Permanent Census (Permanent Census)

Fifty stations 'fixed census' was created in Malaysia. The data obtained are daily and
monthly traffic and rates monthly and volumetric times.

Spot speed survey

The purpose of this study was to:

Getting velocity trends.

Get speed and accident correlation and speed and geometric features.

Determines the speed range of speed to determine the speed limit zone.

Determine the effectiveness of repairs and traffic control.

The form of data presentation is:

Mean speed (Mean speed)

Cumulative rate distribution curve (For road design, speed to 98 percent is used).

Turnover counts - Volume and traffic crosses on the cross.

 4. TRAVEL REQUEST DECLARATION

This process is important in transport planning for:

Hold a new transportation system

Repair existing systems

Build highways, transit systems, etc.

FOUR PRINTED MODELs are as stated first:

Trip Generation

Travel Distribution (Trip Distribution)

Transportation Type (Split Capital)

Traffic Assignment

5. TRAVEL INCOME

Travel revenue is expressed in the number of trips generated at a time.

The purpose is to understand the characteristics of current travel-related travel features

land, population and transportation. This information can be used to evaluate the future.

Travel features:

a) Home based - that is a journey that starts from home.

b) Non-home travel - other than the above.

The main factors affecting trip revenue are:

a) Land use patterns and development.

b) Residential premises - family size, vehicle ownership, type of residence

c) Family income

Models used to predict travel rates:

a) Development Factor Model

b) Model Category Analysis

c) Linear regression model

 6. TRAVEL DISPUTE

This model is used to distribute the number of travels issued by a zone to all zones possible
destination.

Among the models used are:

i. Fixed Factor Model

ii. Average Factor Model
iii. Fratar model iv. Model Furness v. Gravity Model
iv. Probability Model

7. SELECTION OF TRANSPORT TYPE

To estimate a balanced distribution of travel rates in the future whether using cars
private or public transport and these rules will compete.
Factors affecting competitive mode are travel, tolls, congestion, transportation efficiency
public etc.

8. LINKS OF TRAFFIC

Analysts will predict the routes that will be taken to travel.

Traffic assignment techniques are:
a) All or no assignment (All or nothing).
b) Diversion curve.
c) Capacity restraint assignment.
d) Multi-route assignment.

9. ASSESSMENT

Functional Suitability Analysis

Financial Analysis (Monetary Analysis)
Economic Analysis (Economic Analysis)
i. Cost-Benefit Ratio Analysis.
ii. Current Net Value Analysis
iii. Return Rate Analysis
iv. Annual Return Analysis