SPECIFICATION SHEET

Process Liquid Liquid Carbon Dioxide

Vessel Type Horizontal
Design Pressure 179.4545
Working Pressure 163.1404
Tank Volume (m3) 166.8514
3
Tank Capacity (m ) 133.4811
Actual Tank Inside Diameter (m) 5.4506
Actual Tank Diameter (m) 5.4576
Actual Tank Height (m) 8.0592
Shell Thickness (mm) 7.0
Head and Bottom Height (m) 1.3623
Head and Bottom Thickness (mm) 7.0
Inlet Nozzle Diameter (mm) 11.9169
Inlet Nozzle Thickness (mm) 3.1821
Outlet Nozzle Diameter (mm) 11.8534
Outlet Nozzle Thickness (mm) 3.1821
Type of Tank Insulation Urethane
Insulation Thickness (m) 0.03071
Material of Construction Monel

Design Description:
The carbon dioxide storage tank is a fully radiographed, double-butt, welded joint
horizontal storage tank that stores liquid carbon dioxide for 7 days of operation.
Data:
From overall material and energy balance:
Mass Flowrate (kg/hr) 401.5295
Density 1 010.7341 kg/m3

Design Assumptions:
1. 80% tank filling capacity (Peters and Timmerhaus).
2. HT /D is equal to 1.5 (Walas, 1990).
3. The design pressure is 10% higher than the operating pressure (Sinnot, 2005).
4. The tank is fully radiographed, double-butt and welded joint.
Design Calculations:
Calculating the mass of the liquid carbon dioxide to be stored for seven (14) days of
production:
24
= 401.5295 14
1
= 134 913.912
Take density of oil to be 1 010.7341 kg/m3 and calculating for the volume
134 913.912
=

1 010.7341 3

2 = 133.4811 3

Consider a tank filling capacity of 80%,

133.4811 3
=
0.80
= 166.8514 3
CALCULATION FOR HEAD AND BOTTOM DIMENSIONS
Liquid Carbon Dioxide must be stored at temperatures ranging from -20F (-28.9 C) to
4F (-15.6 C) with corresponding vapor pressures from 200 psig (1378 kPa) to 312 psig
(2151 kPa). Considering the lower limit for pressure the most suitable head and bottom
for the tank is an ellipsoidal.
Table 1. Volume of Heads (Green and Perry, 2008)

From the table above the height (HB) is equal to a quarter of the diameter (D/4). The volume
of the ellipsoidal head is,
3
=
24
Thus, the total height of the tank is the sum of the height of the shell and the 2 bases given
as,
= + 2

=
4

= 2( )
4
Then,
2
=
4
 2
= ( )
4 2
Therefore, the tanks total volume will be
= + 2
2 3
= [ ( )] + 2 ( )
4 2 24

2 3
= [ (1.5 )] + ( )
4 2 12

2 3
= [ ()] + ( )
4 12

3
= = 166.8514 3
3
Calculating for the tank diameter, D

3

=

3 3 (180.3252 3 )
=

= 5.4213
Then, the height of the tank, HT
= 1.5 (5.4213 )
= 8.1319
Hence, the height of the head, h

=
4
5.4213
=
4
= 1.3553
Computing for the volume of the shell, VS
2
= ( )
4 2
 (5.4213 )2 5.4213
= (8.1319 )
4 2
= 125.1400 3
The volume of the base, VB
(5.4213 )3
=
24
= 22.8569 3
For the two (2) bases,
= 2(22.8569 3 )
= 41.7137 3

CALCULATION FOR SHELL DIMENSIONS

The pressure inside the tank is computed as,
Height of the liquid, hL
2 3
2 = ( ) +
4 24
42
= +
2 6
4(133.4811 3 ) 5.4213
= + 1.3553
(5.4213 )2 6
= 6.2343
Computing for the operating pressure of the tank,
= +

= (1 010.7341 3
) (9.81 2 ) (6.2343 ) + 101, 325

= 163 140.4419 163.1404
= .
The design should be 110 % of the operating pressure (Sinnott, 2005).
= 1.10( )
= 1.10 (163.1404 )
 = .
Calculating for the shell thickness using Equation 13.39 (Sinnott, 2005).
PDi
= +C
2f P
where:
P = design pressure (N/mm2)
D = inside diameter (mm)
f = design stress x joint efficiency (N/mm2)
C = corrosion allowance (mm)

Table 2. Mechanical Properties of Common Metals and Alloys (Green and Perry, 2008)

Table 3. Maximum allowable joint efficiency (Sinnott, 2005).

For corrosion allowance of 0.010 to 0.015 in/yr or about 1/8 inches for a 10-year life is a
reasonable value for pressure vessels (Peters and Timmerhaus, 1991).
0.0125 in 1000 mm
C= x 10 yr x = 3.1758 mm
yr 39.36 in
Substituting the values to the equation above,
N
(0.1794545 2 )(5 421.3 )
= mm + 3.1758 mm
N N
2(170 ) (0.1794545 )
mm2 mm2
= 6.0387 mm
Computing for the head and bottom thickness using Equation 13.43 (Sinnott, 2005) and the
same values for C, P, f and J,

= +
2 0.2
Where:
P = design pressure (N/mm2)
D = inside diameter (mm)
f = design stress (N/mm2)
J = joint factor
C = corrosion allowance (mm)

N
(0.1794545 )(5 421.3 )
= mm2 + 3.1758 mm
N N
2(1.0)(170 ) 0.2(0.1794545 )
mm2 mm2
= 6.0375
Since > we use rounded value to 7 mm for uniform shell and base thickness.
Thus, the total tank diameter is, DT
DT = 5.4213 + 0.0070
= .
The total height of the head,
= (1.3553 + 0.0070)
= .
Computing for nozzle outlet diameter,
1
401.5295 x 3600 s
Q= hr

1 010. 7341 3
m
m3
Q = 0.000110351
s
Q = Av
Where:
Q = mass flowrate (m3/s)
A = area (m2)
v = superficial velocity (m/s)
Summary of superficial velocity for nozzle design (Datta, 2008)
General Guidelines
For Inlet Fluids (Liquid kg
v 2 1000 ms2
or Gas)
For Outlet Gas: kg
v 2 3600 ms2
For Outlet Liquids: m
v=1
s

m3 D2no m
0.000110351 =( ) (1 )
s 4 s

Dno = 0.011853431 m
= .
Using Equation 13.39 for the shell thickness (Sinnott, 2005) and the same value for P, C,
D and f,
PDi
= +C
2f P
N
(0.1794545 ) (11.8534 mm)
= mm2 + 3.1758 mm
N N
2(170 ) (0.1794545 )
mm2 mm2
= .
Solving for nozzle inlet diameter
kg
v 2 = 1000 ms2
 kg
10002
v= ms
kg
1 010.7341 3
m
m
v = 0.9894
s

Q = Av
m3 D2ni m
0.000110351 =( ) (0.9894 )
s 4 s
= 0.011916855 m
= .

Using the same computation for outlet nozzle in solving thickness of inlet nozzle.

PDi
= +C
2f P

N
(0.1794545 ) (11.9169 mm)
= mm2 + 3.1758 mm
N N
2(170 ) 0.1794545 )
mm2 mm2
= .

CALCULATION OF STORAGE TANKS FINAL DIMENSION

Based on the standard measurements of readily available steel plate (20 feet by 6 feet).
Dt = 5.4283 m

= = (5.4283)(8.1319) 2
= 138.6774 2

(3.28 )2 1 plate
. = 138.6774 2 x 2
x
1 (20 x 6) 2
. = 12.4323 12.5 s
. = .
Using the computed number of plates in determining the actual tank diameter.
(20 6) 2 1 2
= 12.5 = 139.4259 2
1 (3.28 )2
139.4259 2
=
(8.1319)
= .

Maintaining the 7 mm wall thickness.

= (5.4576 0.0070) m
= .

Solving for the actual tank height.

3
= (2)
24
3
(5.4506)3
Vshell = 166.8514 m (2)
24
Vshell = 124.4577 m3

2
Vshell = ( )
4 2
(5.4506)2 5.4506
124.4577 m3 = ( )
4 2
= .
COMPUTATION FOR TANK INSULATION
For weather protection the tank is insulated with urethane foam with a thermal conductivity
of 0.021 W/m K (Air Products, 2017). Since carbon dioxide forms carbonic acid in
aqueous solution which corrodes many commercially available metals such as carbon steel
it is advisable to use stainless steel such as Hastalloys or Monel in wet systems to prevent
corrosion. For this design Monel with a thermal conductivity of 26 W/ m K is used (Safety
Precautions for Carbon Dioxide, 2017).
2( )
= +
ln( 2 ) ln( 2 )
1 2
+

Table 4. Heat loss from oil in storage tanks and pipe lines ((Engineeringtoolbox.com,
2017)

For a temperature difference of 105.6 K of an insulated storage tank, the heat transfer rate
is 19 900 W/ m2 K.
2(105.6 )
19 900 =
2 5.4283 5.4283 +
ln( ) ln( )
5.4213 + 5.4283
26 0.021
= .