6.

AVERAGE

Ex.1:Find the average of all prime numbers between 30 and 50?

Sol: there are five prime numbers between 30 and 50.
They are 31,37,41,43 and 47.
Therefore the required average=(31+37+41+43+47)/5 199/5 39.8.

Ex.2. find the average of first 40 natural numbers?

Sol: sum of first n natural numbers=n(n+1)/2;
So,sum of 40 natural numbers=(40*41)/2 820.
Therefore the required average=(820/40) 20.5.

Ex.3. find the average of first 20 multiples of 7?

Sol: Required average =7(1+2+3+.+20)/20 (7*20*21)/(20*2) (147/2)=73.5.

Ex.4. the average of four consecutive even numbers is 27. find the largest of these
numbers?
Sol: let the numbers be x,x+2,x+4 andx+6. then,
(x+(x+2)+(x+4)+(x+6))/4) = 27
(4x+12)/4 = 27
x+3=27 x=24.
Therefore the largest number=(x+6)=24+6=30.

Ex.5. there are two sections A and B of a class consisting of 36 and 44 students
respectively. If the average weight of section A is 40kg and that of section B is 35kg, find
the average weight of the whole class?
Sol: total weight of(36+44) students=(36*40+44*35)kg =2980kg.
Therefore weight of the total class=(2980/80)kg =37.25kg.

Ex:6.nine persons went to a hotel for taking their meals 8 of them spent Rs.12 each on
their meals and the ninth spent Rs.8 more than the average expenditure of all the
nine.What was the total money spent by them?
Sol: Let the average expenditure of all nine be Rs.x
Then 12*8+(x+8)=9x or 8x=104 or x=13.
Total money spent = 9x=Rs.(9*13)=Rs.117.

Ex.7: Of the three numbers, second is twice the first and is also thrice the third.If the
average of the three numbers is 44.Find the largest number.
Sol: Let the third number be x.
Then second number = 3x.
First number=3x/2.
Therefore x+3x+(3x/2)=(44*3) or x=24
So largest number= 2nd number=3x=72.
Ex.8:The average of 25 result is 18.The average of 1st 12 of them is 14 & that of last 12
is 17.Find the 13th result.
Sol: Clearly 13th result=(sum of 25 results)-(sum of 24 results)
=(18*25)-(14*12)+(17*12)
=450-(168+204)
=450-372
=78.

Ex.9:The Average of 11 results is 16, if the average of the 1st 6 results is 58 & that of the
last 63. Find the 6th result.
Sol: 6th result = (58*6+63*6-60*11)=66

Ex.10:The average waight of A,B,C is 45 Kg. The avg wgt of A & B be 40Kg & that of
B,C be 43Kg. Find the wgt of B.
Sol. Let A,B,c represent their individual wgts.
Then,
A+B+C=(45*3)Kg=135Kg
A+B=(40*2)Kg=80Kg & B+C=(43*2)Kg=86Kg
B=(A+B)+(B+C)-(A+B+C)
=(80+86-135)Kg
=31Kg.

Ex. 11. The average age of a class of 39 students is 15 years. If the age of the teacher be
included, then the average increases by3 months. Find the age of the teacher.
Sol. Total age of 39 persons = (39 x 15) years
= 585 years.
Average age of 40 persons= 15 yrs 3 months
= 61/4 years.
Total age of 40 persons = (_(61/4 )x 40) years= 610 years.
:. Age of the teacher = (610 - 585) years=25 years.

Ex. 12. The average weight of 10 oarsmen in a boat is increased by 1.8 kg when one of
the crew, who weighs 53 kg is replaced by a new man. Find the weight of the new
man.
Sol. Total weight increased =(1.8 x 10) kg =18 kg.
:. Weight of the new man =(53 + 18) kg =71 kg.

Ex. 13. There were 35 students in a hostel. Due to the admission of 7 new students, ;he
expenses of the mess were increased by Rs. 42 per day while the average expenditure
per head diminished by Rs 1. Wbat was the original expenditure of the mess?
Sol. Let the original average expenditure be Rs. x. Then,
42 (x - 1) - 35x=42 7x= 84 x =12.
Original expenditure = Rs. (35 x 12) =Rs. 420. .
14. A batsman makes a score of 87 runs in the 17th inning and thus increases his avg by
3. Find his average after 17th inning.
Sol. Let the average after 17th inning = x.
Then, average after 16th inning = (x - 3).
:. 16 (x - 3) + 87 = 17x or x = (87 - 48) = 39.

Ex.15. Distance between two stations A and B is 778 km. A train covers the journey
from A to B at 84 km per hour and returns back to A with a uniform speed of 56 km
perhour. Find the average speed of the train during the whole journey.
Sol. Required average speed = ((2xy)/(x+y)) km / hr
=(2 x 84 x 56)/(84+56)km/hr
= (2*84*56)/140 km/hr
=67.2 km/hr.
 7. PROBLEMS ON NUMBERS

In this section, questions involving a set of numbers are put in the form of a puzzle. You have to
analyze the given conditions, assume the unknown numbers and form equations accordingly,
which on solving yield the unknown numbers.

SOLVED EXAMPLES

Ex.1. A number is as much greater than 36 as is less than 86. Find the number.
Sol. Let the number be x. Then, x - 36 = 86 - x => 2x = 86 + 36 = 122 => x = 61.
Hence, the required number is 61.

Ex. 2. Find a number such that when 15 is subtracted from 7 times the number, the
Result is 10 more than twice the number. (Hotel Management, 2002)
Sol. Let the number be x. Then, 7x - 15 = 2x + 10 => 5x = 25 =>x = 5.
Hence, the required number is 5.

Ex. 3. The sum of a rational number and its reciprocal is 13/6. Find the number.
(S.S.C. 2000)
Sol. Let the number be x.
Then, x + (1/x) = 13/6 => (x2 + 1)/x = 13/6 => 6x2 13x + 6 = 0
=> 6x2 9x 4x + 6 = 0 => (3x 2) (2x 3) = 0
x = 2/3 or x = 3/2
Hence the required number is 2/3 or 3/2.

Ex. 4. The sum of two numbers is 184. If one-third of the one exceeds one-seventh
of the other by 8, find the smaller number.
Sol. Let the numbers be x and (184 - x). Then,
(X/3) - ((184 x)/7) = 8 => 7x 3(184 x) = 168 => 10x = 720 => x = 72.
So, the numbers are 72 and 112. Hence, smaller number = 72.

Ex. 5. The difference of two numbers is 11 and one-fifth of their sum is 9. Find the numbers.
Sol. Let the number be x and y. Then,
x y = 11 ----(i) and 1/5 (x + y) = 9 => x + y = 45 ----(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get: 2x = 56 or x = 28. Putting x = 28 in (i), we get: y = 17.
Hence, the numbers are 28 and 17.

Ex. 6. If the sum of two numbers is 42 and their product is 437, then find the
absolute difference between the numbers. (S.S.C. 2003)
Sol. Let the numbers be x and y. Then, x + y = 42 and xy = 437
x - y = sqrt[(x + y)2 - 4xy] = sqrt[(42)2 - 4 x 437 ] = sqrt[1764 1748] = sqrt[16] = 4.
Required difference = 4.
Ex. 7. The sum of two numbers is 16 and the sum of their squares is 113. Find the
numbers.
Sol. Let the numbers be x and (15 - x).
Then, x2 + (15 - x)2 = 113 => x2 + 225 + X2 - 30x = 113
=> 2x2 - 30x + 112 = 0 => x2 - 15x + 56 = 0
=> (x - 7) (x - 8) = 0 => x = 7 or x = 8.
So, the numbers are 7 and 8.

Ex. 8. The average of four consecutive even numbers is 27. Find the largest of these
numbers.
Sol. Let the four consecutive even numbers be x, x + 2, x + 4 and x + 6.
Then, sum of these numbers = (27 x 4) = 108.
So, x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) + (x + 6) = 108 or 4x = 96 or x = 24.
:. Largest number = (x + 6) = 30.

Ex. 9. The sum of the squares of three consecutive odd numbers is 2531.Find the
numbers.
Sol. Let the numbers be x, x + 2 and x + 4.
Then, X2 + (x + 2)2 + (x + 4)2 = 2531 => 3x2 + 12x - 2511 = 0
=> X2 + 4x - 837 = 0 => (x - 27) (x + 31) = 0 => x = 27.
Hence, the required numbers are 27, 29 and 31.

Ex. 10. Of two numbers, 4 times the smaller one is less then 3 times the 1arger one by 5. If the
sum of the numbers is larger than 6 times their difference by 6, find the two numbers.
Sol. Let the numbers be x and y, such that x > y
Then, 3x - 4y = 5 ...(i) and (x + y) - 6 (x - y) = 6 => -5x + 7y = 6 (ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get: x = 59 and y = 43.
Hence, the required numbers are 59 and 43.

Ex. 11. The ratio between a two-digit number and the sum of the digits of that
number is 4 : 1.If the digit in the unit's place is 3 more than the digit in the tens place, what
is the number?
Sol. Let the ten's digit be x. Then, unit's digit = (x + 3).
Sum of the digits = x + (x + 3) = 2x + 3. Number = l0x + (x + 3) = llx + 3.
11x+3 / 2x + 3 = 4 / 1 => 1lx + 3 = 4 (2x + 3) => 3x = 9 => x = 3.
Hence, required number = 11x + 3 = 36.

Ex. 12. A number consists of two digits. The sum of the digits is 9. If 63 is subtracted
from the number, its digits are interchanged. Find the number.
Sol. Let the ten's digit be x. Then, unit's digit = (9 - x).
Number = l0x + (9 - x) = 9x + 9.
Number obtained by reversing the digits = 10 (9 - x) + x = 90 - 9x.
therefore, (9x + 9) - 63 = 90 - 9x => 18x = 144 => x = 8.
So, ten's digit = 8 and unit's digit = 1.
Hence, the required number is 81.
Ex. 13. A fraction becomes 2/3 when 1 is added to both, its numerator and denominator.
And ,it becomes 1/2 when 1 is subtracted from both the numerator and denominator. Find