Concrete Design Handbook 4th Edition

CHAPTER 7: ADDITIONAL DESIGN AIDS

The additional design aids in this PDF document form part of the Concrete Design Handbook 4th
Edition and are the exclusive property of the Cement Association of Canada. They must not be
reproduced in any form without the written permission of the Cement Association of Canada.

Pages of this document were numbered sequentially with the Handbook chapter material to which
they pertain, such that a user may print these design aids and add them to the hard cover book should
they choose to do so.

This document has been prepared by the Cement Association of Canada (CAC) to aid in the design of
reinforced concrete building structures. It has been the intent of the CAC to present this information
in a manner which will serve as an extension to the CSA Group standard A23.3-14, Design of concrete
structures, and the other documents referenced herein. While every attempt has been made to present
information that is factual and in a useable format, none of the references to the CSA Group standard or
the National Building Code of Canada should be construed as an endorsement of the material appearing
in the Handbook by the agencies responsible for the referenced material.

This publication is intended SOLELY for the use of PROFESSIONAL PERSONNEL who are competent
to evaluate the significance and limitations of the information provided herein, and who will accept
total responsibility for the application of this information. The authors and the Cement Association of
Canada disclaim any and all RESPONSIBILITY and LIABILITY for the application of the stated principles
and for the accuracy of any of the material contained in this publication to the full extent permitted by
law.

Concrete Design Handbook 4th Edition

Chapter 7: Additional Design Aids
First printing August 2016

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
CAC Concrete Design Handbook 4th Edition 725

Table 7.10.1 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars on all Faces

30

t = 6%, k = 1110
= 0.60
25 t = 5%, k = 987
= 25 MPa
t = 4%, k = 865
20 t = 3%, k = 742
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 2%, k = 620
15
t = 1%, k = 497

7
10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
fs /fy = 1.0
EI20 = 750 bh3/(1+d)
5

Short Columns
fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.10.2 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars on all Faces

30

t = 6%, k = 1375 = 0.70

25 t = 5%, k = 1208
= 25 MPa
t = 4%, k = 1042
20 t = 3%, k = 875
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 2%, k = 708
15
t = 1%, k = 542

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 750 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
726 Short Columns

Table 7.10.3 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars on all Faces

30

t = 6%, k = 1681
= 0.80
25 t = 5%, k = 1463
= 25 MPa
t = 4%, k = 1246
20 t = 3%, k = 1028
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 2%, k = 810
15
t = 1%, k = 593

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 750 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.10.4 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars on all Faces

30

t = 6%, k = 2028
= 0.90
25 t = 5%, k = 1753
= 25 MPa
t = 4%, k = 1477
20 t = 3%, k = 1202
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 2%, k = 926
15
t = 1%, k = 651

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 750 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
CAC Concrete Design Handbook 4th Edition 727

Table 7.10.5 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars on all Faces

30
t = 6%, k = 1145

t = 5%, k = 1023 = 0.60

25
t = 4%, k = 901
= 30 MPa
t = 3%, k = 778
20
t = 2%, k = 656
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 1%, k = 533
15

7
10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d) fs /fy = 1.0
EI20 = 822 bh3/(1+ d)
5 fy = 400 MPa

Short Columns
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.10.6 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars on all Faces

30
t = 6%, k = 1411

t = 5%, k = 1244 = 0.70

25
t = 4%, k = 1077
= 30 MPa
t = 3%, k = 911
20
t = 2%, k = 744
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 1%, k = 577
15

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 822 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
728 Short Columns

Table 7.10.7 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars on all Faces

30
t = 6%, k = 1717

t = 5%, k = 1499 = 0.80

25
t = 4%, k = 1282
= 30 MPa
t = 3%, k = 1064
20
t = 2%, k = 846
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 1%, k = 623
15

fs /fy = 1.0
10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 822 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.10.8 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars on all Faces

30
t = 6%, k = 2064

t = 5%, k = 1788 = 0.90

25
t = 4%, k = 1513 = 30 MPa
t = 3%, k = 1237
20
t = 2%, k = 962
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 1%, k = 686
15

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 822 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
CAC Concrete Design Handbook 4th Edition 729

Table 7.10.9 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars on all Faces

30
t = 5%, k = 1056

t = 4%, k =934 = 0.60

25
t = 3%, k = 811 = 35 MPa
t = 2%, k = 689
20
t = 1%, k = 566
Pr /Ag MPa

15

7
10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 887 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa

Short Columns
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.10.10 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars on all Faces

30
t = 5%, k = 1277
= 0.70
t = 4%, k = 1110
25
t = 3%, k = 944 = 35 MPa

t = 2%, k = 777
20
t = 1%, k =610
Pr /Ag MPa

15

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 887 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
 730 Short Columns

Table 7.10.11 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars on all Faces

30
t = 5%, k = 1532

t = 4%, k = 1314 = 0.80

25
t = 3%, k = 1097 = 35 MPa
t = 2%, k = 879
20
t = 1%, k = 661
Pr /Ag MPa

15

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 887 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.10.12 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars on all Faces

30
t = 5%, k = 1821
= 0.90
t = 4%, k = 1546
25
t = 3%, k = 1270 = 35 MPa
t = 2%, k = 995
20
t = 1%, k = 719
Pr /Ag MPa

15

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 887 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
CAC Concrete Design Handbook 4th Edition 731

Table 7.10.13 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars on all Faces

35
t = 6%, k = 1209
t = 5%, k = 1087 = 0.60
30
t = 4%, k = 964
= 40 MPa
25 t = 3%, k = 842
t = 2%, k = 719
Pr /Ag MPa

20 t = 1%, k = 597

15
7
fs /fy = 1.0
10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 949 bh3/(1+d)
fy = 400 MPa

Short Columns
5
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.10.14 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars on all Faces

35
t = 6%, k = 1474
t = 5%, k = 1308
= 0.70
30
t = 4%, k = 1141 = 40 MPa
25 t = 3%, k = 974
t = 2%, k = 808
Pr /Ag MPa

20 t = 1%, k = 641

15

10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 949 bh3/(1+d)
fy = 400 MPa
5
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
732 Short Columns

Table 7.10.15 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars on all Faces

35
t = 6%, k = 1780
t = 5%, k = 1563 = 0.80
30
t = 4%, k = 1345
= 40 MPa
25 t = 3%, k = 1127
t = 2%, k = 910
Pr /Ag MPa

20 t = 1%, k = 692

15

10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 949 bh3/(1+d)
fy = 400 MPa
5
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.10.16 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars on all Faces

35
t = 6%, k = 2127
= 0.90
30 t = 5%, k = 1852
t = 4%, k = 1576
= 40 MPa
25 t = 3%, k = 1301
t = 2%, k = 1025
Pr /Ag MPa

20 t = 1%, k = 750

15

10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 949 bh3/(1+d)
fy = 400 MPa
5
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
CAC Concrete Design Handbook 4th Edition 733

Table 7.10.17 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars on all Faces

35
t = 5%, k = 1115
= 0.60
30 t = 4%, k = 993
t = 3%, k = 870 = 45 MPa
25 t = 2%, k = 748
t = 1%, k = 626
Pr /Ag MPa

20

15
fs /fy = 1.0
7
10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 1006 bh3/(1+d)
fy = 400 MPa

Short Columns
5
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.10.18 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars on all Faces

35
t = 5%, k = 1336
= 0.70
30 t = 4%, k = 1170
t = 3%, k = 1003 = 45 MPa
25 t = 2%, k = 836
t = 1%, k = 670
Pr /Ag MPa

20

15

10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 1006 bh3/(1+d)
fy = 400 MPa
5
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
 734 Short Columns

Table 7.10.19 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars on all Faces

35
t = 5%, k = 1592
= 0.80
30 t = 4%, k = 1374
t = 3%, k = 1156 = 45 MPa
25 t = 2%, k = 938
t = 1%, k = 721
Pr /Ag MPa

20

15

10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 1006 bh3/(1+d)
fy = 400 MPa
5
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.10.20 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars on all Faces

35
t = 5%, k = 1881
= 0.90
30 t = 4%, k = 1605
t = 3%, k = 1330 = 45 MPa
25 t = 2%, k = 1054
t = 1%, k = 779
Pr /Ag MPa

20

15

10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 1006 bh3/(1+d)
fy = 400 MPa
5
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
CAC Concrete Design Handbook 4th Edition 735

Table 7.11.1 Rectangular Columns with Bars on End Faces Only

30

t = 6%, k = 1125 b
= 0.50
25 t = 5%, k = 1000
h
= 25 MPa
t = 4%, k = 875 h
20 t = 3%, k = 750
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 2%, k = 625
15
t = 1%, k = 500

7
10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 750 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa

Short Columns
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.11.2 Rectangular Columns with Bars on End Faces Only

30

t = 6%, k = 1455 = 0.60 b

25 t = 5%, k = 1275
= 25 MPa h
t = 4%, k = 1095 h
20 t = 3%, k = 915
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 2%, k = 735
15
t = 1%, k = 555

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 750 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
736 Short Columns

Table 7.11.3 Rectangular Columns with Bars on End Faces Only

30

t = 6%, k = 1845 b
= 0.70
25 t = 5%, k = 1600
h
= 25 MPa
t = 4%, k = 1355 h
20 t = 3%, k = 1110
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 2%, k = 865
15
t = 1%, k = 620

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 750 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.11.4 Rectangular Columns with Bars on End Faces Only

30

t = 6%, k = 2295 = 0.80 b

25 t = 5%, k = 1975
= 25 MPa h
t = 4%, k = 1655 h
20 t = 3%, k = 1335
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 2%, k = 1015
15
t = 1%, k = 695

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 750 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
CAC Concrete Design Handbook 4th Edition 737

Table 7.11.5 Rectangular Columns with Bars on End Faces Only

30
t = 6%, k = 1161

b
t = 5%, k = 1036 = 0.50
25
t = 4%, k = 911 h
= 30 MPa
h
t = 3%, k = 786
20
t = 2%, k = 661
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 1%, k = 536
15

7
10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 822 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa

Short Columns
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.11.6 Rectangular Columns with Bars on End Faces Only

30
t = 6%, k = 1491

= 0.60 b
t = 5%, k = 1311
25
t = 4%, k = 1131 = 30 MPa h
h
t = 3%, k = 951
20
t = 2%, k = 771
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 1%, k = 591
15

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 822 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
738 Short Columns

Table 7.11.7 Rectangular Columns with Bars on End Faces Only

30
t = 6%, k = 1881

b
t = 5%, k = 1636 = 0.70
25
t = 4%, k = 1391 h
= 30 MPa
h
t = 3%, k = 1146
20
t = 2%, k = 901
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 1%, k = 656
15

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 822 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.11.8 Rectangular Columns with Bars on End Faces Only

30
t = 6%, k = 2331

t = 5%, k = 2011 = 0.80 b

25
t = 4%, k = 1691 = 30 MPa h
h
t = 3%, k = 1371
20
t = 2%, k = 1051
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 1%, k = 731
15

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 822 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
CAC Concrete Design Handbook 4th Edition 739

Table 7.11.9 Rectangular Columns with Bars on End Faces Only

35
t = 7%, k = 1319

t = 6%, k = 1194 b
= 0.50
30
t = 5%, k = 1069
h
= 35 MPa
t = 4%, k = 944
25 h
t = 3%, k = 819
t = 2%, k = 694
Pr /Ag MPa

20
t = 1%, k = 569

15

7
10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 887 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa

Short Columns
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.11.10 Rectangular Columns with Bars on End Faces Only

35
t = 7%, k = 1704

t = 6%, k = 1524 = 0.60 b
30
t = 5%, k = 1344
= 35 MPa h
t = 4%, k = 1164
25 h
t = 3%, k = 984
t = 2%, k = 804
Pr /Ag MPa

20
t = 1%, k = 624

15

10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 887 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
740 Short Columns

Table 7.11.11 Rectangular Columns with Bars on End Faces Only

35
t = 7%, k = 2159

t = 6%, k = 1914 b
= 0.70
30
t = 5%, k = 1669
h
= 35 MPa
t = 4%, k = 1424
25 h
t = 3%, k = 1179
t = 2%, k = 934
Pr /Ag MPa

20
t = 1%, k = 689

15

10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 887 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.11.12 Rectangular Columns with Bars on End Faces Only

35
t = 7%, k = 2684

t = 6%, k = 2364 = 0.80 b
30
t = 5%, k = 2044
= 35 MPa h
t = 4%, k = 1724 h
25
t = 3%, k = 1404
t = 2%, k = 1084
Pr /Ag MPa

20
t = 1%, k = 764

15

10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 887 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
CAC Concrete Design Handbook 4th Edition 741

Table 7.11.13 Rectangular Columns with Bars on End Faces Only

35
t = 6%, k = 1224
b
t = 5%, k = 1099 = 0.50
30

t = 4%, k = 974 h
= 40 MPa
25 t = 3%, k = 849 h

t = 2%, k = 724
Pr /Ag MPa

20 t = 1%, k = 599

15
7
10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 949 bh3/(1+d)
fy = 400 MPa

Short Columns
5
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.11.14 Rectangular Columns with Bars on End Faces Only

35
t = 6%, k = 1554
= 0.60 b
30 t = 5%, k = 1374

t = 4%, k = 1194 = 40 MPa h

25 t = 3%, k = 1014 h

t = 2%, k = 834
Pr /Ag MPa

20 t = 1%, k = 654

15

10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 949 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
742 Short Columns

Table 7.11.15 Rectangular Columns with Bars on End Faces Only

35
t = 6%, k = 1944
b
t = 5%, k = 1699 = 0.70
30

t = 4%, k = 1454 h
= 40 MPa
25 t = 3%, k = 1209 h

t = 2%, k = 964
Pr /Ag MPa

20 t = 1%, k = 719

15

10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 949 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.11.16 Rectangular Columns with Bars on End Faces Only

35
t = 6%, k = 2394
= 0.80 b
30 t = 5%, k = 2074

t = 4%, k = 1754 = 40 MPa h

25 t = 3%, k = 1434 h

t = 2%, k = 1114
Pr /Ag MPa

20 t = 1%, k = 794

15

10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 949 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
CAC Concrete Design Handbook 4th Edition 743

Table 7.11.17 Rectangular Columns with Bars on End Faces Only

40
t = 7%, k = 1378
b
35 t = 6%, k = 1253 = 0.50
t = 5%, k = 1128
= 45 MPa h
30 t = 4%, k = 1003
h
t = 3%, k = 878
25 t = 2%, k = 753
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 1%, k = 628
20

15 7
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
10 EI20 = 1006 bh3/(1+d)
fy = 400 MPa

Short Columns
5 s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.11.18 Rectangular Columns with Bars on End Faces Only

40
t = 7%, k = 1763
= 0.60 b
35 t = 6%, k = 1583
t = 5%, k = 1403
= 45 MPa h
30 t = 4%, k = 1223
h
t = 3%, k = 1043
25 t = 2%, k = 863
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 1%, k = 683
20

15

EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
10
EI20 = 1006 bh3/(1+d)
fy = 400 MPa
5 s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

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744 Short Columns

Table 7.11.19 Rectangular Columns with Bars on End Faces Only

40
t = 7%, k = 2218
= 0.70 b

35 t = 6%, k = 1973
t = 5%, k = 1728
= 45 MPa h
30 t = 4%, k = 1483
h
t = 3%, k = 1238
25 t = 2%, k = 993
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 1%, k = 748
20

15

EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
10 EI20 = 1006 bh3/(1+d)
fy = 400 MPa
5 s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.11.20 Rectangular Columns with Bars on End Faces Only

40
t = 7%, k = 2743
= 0.80 b
35 t = 6%, k = 2423
t = 5%, k = 2103
= 45 MPa h
30 t = 4%, k = 1783
h
t = 3%, k = 1463
25 t = 2%, k = 1143
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 1%, k = 823
20

15

EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
10
EI20 = 1006 bh3/(1+d)
fy = 400 MPa
5 s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
CAC Concrete Design Handbook 4th Edition 745

Table 7.12.1 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars in Side Faces Only

30

t = 6%, k = 879
= 0.60
25 t = 5%, k = 795
= 25 MPa
t = 4%, k =711
20 t = 3%, k = 627
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 2%, k = 543
15
t = 1%, k = 453

7
10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
fs /fy = 1.0
EI20 = 750 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa

Short Columns
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.12.2 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars in Side Faces Only

30

t = 6%, k = 1062
= 0.70
25 t = 5%, k = 947
= 25 MPa
t = 4%, k = 832
20 t = 3%, k = 719
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 2%, k = 604
15
t = 1%, k = 489

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 750 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
746 Short Columns

Table 7.12.3 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars in Side Faces Only

30

t = 6%, k = 1271
= 0.80
25 t = 5%, k = 1122
= 25 MPa
t = 4%, k = 972
20 t = 3%, k = 823
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 2%, k = 674
15
t = 1%, k = 524

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 750 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.12.4 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars in Side Faces Only

30

t = 6%, k = 1509
= 0.90
25 t = 5%, k = 1320
= 25 MPa
t = 4%, k = 1131
20 t = 3%, k = 942
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 2%, k = 759
15
t = 1%, k = 564

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 750 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
CAC Concrete Design Handbook 4th Edition 747

Table 7.12.5 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars in Side Faces Only

30
t = 6%, k = 915

t = 5%, k = 831 = 0.60

25
t = 4%, k =747
= 30 MPa
t = 3%, k = 663
20
t = 2%, k = 579
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 1%, k = 495
15

7
10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d) fs /fy = 1.0
EI20 = 822 bh3/(1+ d)
5 fy = 400 MPa

Short Columns
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.12.6 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars in Side Faces Only

30
t = 6%, k = 1097

t = 5%, k = 983 = 0.70

25
t = 4%, k = 868
= 30 MPa
t = 3%, k = 754
20
t = 2%, k = 639
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 1%, k = 525
15

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 822 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
748 Short Columns

Table 7.12.7 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars in Side Faces Only

30
t = 6%, k = 1307

t = 5%, k = 1158 = 0.80

25
t = 4%, k =1008
= 30 MPa
t = 3%, k = 859
20
t = 2%, k = 710
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 1%, k = 560
15

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 822 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.12.8 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars in Side Faces Only

30
t = 6%, k = 1545

t = 5%, k = 1356 = 0.90

25
t = 4%, k = 1167
= 30 MPa
t = 3%, k = 978
20
t = 2%, k = 789
Pr /Ag MPa

t = 1%, k = 600
15

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 822 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
CAC Concrete Design Handbook 4th Edition 749

Table 7.12.9 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars in Side Faces Only

30
t = 5%, k = 864

t = 4%, k = 780 = 0.60

25
t = 3%, k = 696 = 35 MPa
t = 2%, k = 612
20
t = 1%, k = 528
Pr /Ag MPa

15

7
10 fs /fy = 1.0
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 887 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa

Short Columns
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.12.10 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars in Side Faces Only

30
t = 5%, k = 1015

t = 4%, k = 901
= 0.70
25
t = 3%, k = 787 = 35 MPa
t = 2%, k = 672
20
t = 1%, k = 558
Pr /Ag MPa

15

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 887 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
750 Short Columns

Table 7.12.11 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars in Side Faces Only

30
t = 5%, k = 1190

t = 4%, k =1041 = 0.80

25
t = 3%, k = 892 = 35 MPa
t = 2%, k = 742
20
t = 1%, k = 593
Pr /Ag MPa

15

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 887 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.12.12 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars in Side Faces Only

30
t = 5%, k = 1389
= 0.90
t = 4%, k = 1200
25
t = 3%, k = 1011 = 35 MPa
t = 2%, k = 822
20
t = 1%, k = 633
Pr /Ag MPa

15

10
EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 887 bh3/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
CAC Concrete Design Handbook 4th Edition 751

Table 7.12.13 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars in Side Faces Only

35
t = 6%, k = 978
t = 5%, k = 894 = 0.60
30
t = 4%, k = 810
= 40 MPa
25 t = 3%, k = 726
t = 2%, k = 642
Pr /Ag MPa

20 t = 1%, k = 558

15
7
fs /fy = 1.0
10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 949 bh3/(1+d)
fy = 400 MPa

Short Columns
5
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.12.14 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars in Side Faces Only

35
t = 6%, k = 1160
t = 5%, k = 1046
= 0.70
30
t = 4%, k = 932
= 40 MPa
25 t = 3%, k = 817
t = 2%, k = 703
Pr /Ag MPa

20 t = 1%, k = 589

15

10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 949 bh3/(1+d)
fy = 400 MPa
5
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
752 Short Columns

Table 7.12.15 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars in Side Faces Only

35
t = 6%, k = 1370
t = 5%, k = 1221 = 0.80
30
t = 4%, k =1072
= 40 MPa
25 t = 3%, k = 922
t = 2%, k = 773
Pr /Ag MPa

20 t = 1%, k = 624

15

10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 949 bh3/(1+d)
fy = 400 MPa
5
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.12.16 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars in Side Faces Only

35
t = 6%, k = 1609
t = 5%, k = 1419 = 0.90
30
t = 4%, k = 1230
= 40 MPa
25 t = 3%, k = 1041
t = 2%, k = 852
Pr /Ag MPa

20 t = 1%, k = 663

15

10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 949 bh3/(1+d)
fy = 400 MPa
5
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
CAC Concrete Design Handbook 4th Edition 753

Table 7.12.17 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars in Side Faces Only

35
t = 5%, k = 923
= 0.60
30 t = 4%, k = 839
t = 3%, k = 755 = 45 MPa
25 t = 2%, k = 671
t = 1%, k =587
Pr /Ag MPa

20

15
fs /fy = 1.0
7
10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 1006 bh3/(1+d)
fy = 400 MPa

Short Columns
5
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.12.18 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars in Side Faces Only

35
t = 5%, k = 1075
= 0.70
30 t = 4%, k = 961
t = 3%, k = 846 = 45 MPa
25 t = 2%, k = 732
t = 1%, k = 617
Pr /Ag MPa

20

15

10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 1006 bh3/(1+d)
fy = 400 MPa
5
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
 754 Short Columns

Table 7.12.19 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars in Side Faces Only

35
t = 5%, k = 1250
= 0.80
30 t = 4%, k =1101
t = 3%, k = 951 = 45 MPa
25 t = 2%, k = 802
t = 1%, k = 652
Pr /Ag MPa

20

15

10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 1006 bh3/(1+d)
fy = 400 MPa
5
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Table 7.12.20 Rectangular Columns with Equal Numbers of Bars in Side Faces Only

35
t = 5%, k = 1448
= 0.90
30 t = 4%, k = 1253
t = 3%, k = 1070 = 45 MPa
25 t = 2%, k = 881
t = 1%, k = 692
Pr /Ag MPa

20

15

10 EI19 = kbh3/(1+d)
EI20 = 1006 bh3/(1+d)
fy = 400 MPa
5
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mr /(Ag h), MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
CAC Concrete Design Handbook 4th Edition 755

Table 7.13.1 Circular Tied or Spiral Columns

25
= 0.60
t = 6%, k = 666 = 0.60
t = 5%, k = 595 _^ = 30 MPa
20 = =0.60
30 MPa
t = 4%, k = 525

t = 3%, k = 454
15
Pr /h2, MPa

t = 2%, k = 383

t = 1%, k = 313

10
7
EI19 = kh4/(1+d)
EI20 = 484 h4/(1+d)
5
fy = 400 MPa

Short Columns
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Mr /h3, MPa

Table 7.13.2 Circular Tied or Spiral Columns

25
= 0.60
t = 6%, k = 819
= 0.70
t = 5%, k = 723 _^ = 30 MPa
20 = =0.60
30 MPa
t = 4%, k = 627

t = 3%, k = 531

15 t = 2%, k = 434
Pr /h2, MPa

t = 1%, k = 338

10

EI19 = kh4/(1+d)
EI20 = 484 h4/(1+d)
5
fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Mr /h3, MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
756 Short Columns

Table 7.13.3 Circular Tied or Spiral Columns

25
= 0.60
t = 6%, k = 996 = 0.80
t = 5%, k = 870 _^ = 30 MPa
20 ==0.60
30 MPa
t = 4%, k = 745

t = 3%, k = 619
15
Pr /h2, MPa

t = 2%, k = 493

t = 1%, k = 368

10

EI19 = kh4/(1+d)
EI20 = 484 h4/(1+d)
5
fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Mr /h3, MPa

Table 7.13.4 Circular Tied or Spiral Columns

25
= 0.60
t = 6%, k = 1196
= 0.90
t = 5%, k = 1037 _^ = 30 MPa
20 = =0.60
30 MPa
t = 4%, k = 878

t = 3%, k = 719

15 t = 2%, k = 560
Pr /h2, MPa

t = 1%, k = 401

10

EI19 = kh4/(1+d)
EI20 = 484 h4/(1+d)
5
fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Mr /h3, MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
CAC Concrete Design Handbook 4th Edition 757

Table 7.13.5 Circular Tied or Spiral Columns

30
t = 8%, k = 827 = 0.60
= 0.60
t = 7%, k = 756
25
t = 6%, k = 685
_^ = 30 MPa
==0.60
35 MPa
t = 5%, k = 615

20 t = 4%, k = 544

t = 3%, k = 473
Pr /h2, MPa

t = 2%, k = 403
15
t = 1%, k = 332

10 7
EI19 = kh4/(1+d)
EI20 = 523 h4/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa

Short Columns
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Mr /h3, MPa

Table 7.13.6 Circular Tied or Spiral Columns

30
t = 8%, k = 1031 = 0.60
t = 7%, k = 935 = 0.70
25 t = 6%, k = 839
_^ = 30 MPa
==0.60
35 MPa
t = 5%, k = 742

20 t = 4%, k = 646

t = 3%, k = 550
Pr /h2, MPa

t = 2%, k = 454
15
t = 1%, k = 358

10
EI19 = kh4/(1+d)
fs /fy = 1.0
EI20 = 523 h4/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Mr /h3, MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
758 Short Columns

Table 7.13.7 Circular Tied or Spiral Columns

30
t = 8%, k = 1267 = 0.60
t = 7%, k = 1141 = 0.80
25 t = 6%, k = 1015
_^ = 30 MPa

=0.60
= 35 MPa
t = 5%, k = 890

20 t = 4%, k = 764
t = 3%, k = 638
Pr /h2, MPa

t = 2%, k = 513
15
t = 1%, k = 387

10
EI19 = kh4/(1+d)
EI20 = 523 h4/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mr /h3, MPa

Table 7.13.8 Circular Tied or Spiral Columns

30
t = 8%, k = 1534 = 0.60
t = 7%, k = 1375 = 0.90
25
t = 6%, k = 1216
_^ = 30 MPa
= 0.60
= 35 MPa
t = 5%, k = 1057

20 t = 4%, k = 898
t = 3%, k = 738
Pr /h2, MPa

t = 2%, k = 579
15
t = 1%, k = 420

10
EI19 = kh4/(1+d)
EI20 = 523 h4/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mr /h3, MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
CAC Concrete Design Handbook 4th Edition 759

Table 7.13.9 Circular Tied or Spiral Columns

30
= 0.60
t = 7%, k = 774
= 0.60
t = 6%, k = 704
25 _^ = 30 MPa
t = 5%, k = 633 ==0.60
40 MPa
t = 4%, k = 562
20 t = 3%, k = 491
t = 2%, k = 421
Pr /h2, MPa

t = 1%, k = 350
15

10 7
EI19 = kh4/(1+d)
EI20 = 559 h4/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa

Short Columns
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Mr /h3, MPa

Table 7.13.10 Circular Tied or Spiral Columns

30
t = 7%, k = 953
= 0.60
= 0.70
t = 6%, k = 857
25 _^ = 30 MPa
t = 5%, k = 760 ==0.60
40 MPa
t = 4%, k = 664
20 t = 3%, k = 568
t = 2%, k = 472
Pr /h2, MPa

t = 1%, k = 376
15

10
EI19 = kh4/(1+d) fs /fy = 1.0
EI20 = 559 h4/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Mr /h3, MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
760 Short Columns

Table 7.13.11 Circular Tied or Spiral Columns

30
= 0.60
t = 7%, k = 1159
= 0.80
t = 6%, k = 1033
25 _^ = 30 MPa
t = 5%, k = 908
=0.60
= 40 MPa
t = 4%, k = 782
20 t = 3%, k = 656
t = 2%, k = 531
Pr /h2, MPa

t = 1%, k = 405
15

10
EI19 = kh4/(1+d)
EI20 = 559 h4/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mr /h3, MPa

Table 7.13.12 Circular Tied or Spiral Columns

30
= 0.60
t = 7%, k = 1393
= 0.90
t = 6%, k = 1234
25 _^ = 30 MPa
t = 5%, k = 1075 = 0.60
= 40 MPa
t = 4%, k = 916
20 t = 3%, k = 757
t = 2%, k = 597
Pr /h2, MPa

t = 1%, k = 438
15

10
EI19 = kh4/(1+d)
EI20 = 559 h4/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mr /h3, MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
CAC Concrete Design Handbook 4th Edition 761

Table 7.13.13 Circular Tied or Spiral Columns

30
t = 7%, k = 791
= 0.60
t = 6%, k = 720 = 0.60
25 t = 5%, k = 650 _^ = 30 MPa
t = 4%, k = 579 ==0.60
45 MPa
t = 3%, k = 508
20
t = 2%, k = 438
Pr /h2, MPa

t = 1%, k = 367

15

10 7
EI19 = kh4/(1+d)
EI20 = 593 h4/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa

Short Columns
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Mr /h3, MPa

Table 7.13.14 Circular Tied or Spiral Columns

30
t = 7%, k = 970
= 0.60
t = 6%, k = 874 = 0.70
25 t = 5%, k = 777 _^ = 30 MPa
t = 4%, k = 681 ==0.60
45 MPa
t = 3%, k = 585
20
t = 2%, k = 489
Pr /h2, MPa

t = 1%, k = 393

15

10 fs /fy = 1.0
EI19 = kh4/(1+d)
EI20 = 593 h4/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Mr /h3, MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.
762 Short Columns

Table 7.13.15 Circular Tied or Spiral Columns

30
t = 7%, k = 1176
= 0.60
t = 6%, k = 1050 = 0.80
25 t = 5%, k = 925 _^ = 30 MPa

t = 4%, k = 799 =0.60
= 45 MPa
t = 3%, k = 673
20
t = 2%, k = 548
Pr /h2, MPa

t = 1%, k = 422

15

10
EI19 = kh4/(1+d)
EI20 = 593 h4/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mr /h3, MPa

Table 7.13.16 Circular Tied or Spiral Columns

30
t = 7%, k = 1410
= 0.60
t = 6%, k = 1251 = 0.90
25 t = 5%, k = 1092 _^ = 30 MPa
t = 4%, k = 933 = 0.60
= 45 MPa
t = 3%, k = 773
20
t = 2%, k = 614
Pr /h2, MPa

t = 1%, k = 455

15

10
EI19 = kh4/(1+d)
EI20 = 593 h4/(1+d)
5 fy = 400 MPa
s = 0.85
c = 0.65
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mr /h3, MPa

Copyright 2016 Cement Association of Canada

All rights reserved.