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Module # 7 Simple Present & Past Passive

I. General Information
Subject: English IV CODE: INE-0207
Credit Units: 4 Module Duration: 10 days

Specific Objectives:
-The student will be able to learn how identify the active from the passive form

Skills to Develop:

Practice the correct grammatical structure for the passive form using
new vocabulary.

Brief Description of the Forum:

After reading the material, the student will be able to participate in the discussion
forum and:
1. Use correct passive form and describe products.
Brief Description of Activities:
The student will practice conversations using the vocabulary learned.

Homework Description:
Workbook Activities from your Textbook: Open Mind Level 2B- Unit 11
Homework Template Module No. 7

II. Content
Reading Written Conversations.

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INTRODUCTION
III. Content Development

Simple Present Passive and Past Passive

Definition

Verbs are either used in passive or active form. In modules before, we have seen
active verbs. It is essential that you learn to recognize the difference in order to
be successful in learning English.

Active Forms: In active sentences the subject (person, place or thing) are the
ones doing the action while the object receives the action.

(subject doing action)+ (verb) + (object receiving the action)

For Example:

Lic. Lizza Mendieta teaches the students.

Subject doing the action verb object receiving the action

Passive Forms: In passive sentences the object is the one who receives the
action. This is the primordial part of the sentence (that the object who receives
the action is emphasized). In this case the subject is not important and it is
optional to include it, at the sentence. You can also use the passive form if you do
not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing
the action.

Simple Present Passive

(object receiving the action)+ (present aux. verb To Be)+ (past participle)+
*[by+(subject doing action)+] *optional

For Example:
The students are taught. OR
object receiving the action + verb to Be + Past Participle

The students are taught by Lic. Mendieta.

object receiving the action + verb to Be + Past Participle + [*by+ (subject doing the action)]

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The passive is particularly useful (even recommended) in two situations:

When it is more important to draw our attention to the person or thing

acted upon: The victim was apparently killed during the morning
hours.
When the actor in the situation is not important: The eclipse can be
observed in the evening.
When it is used to describe factual information, especially when
describing a process.
When it is used in news reports and to give instructions.

In the following tables we can see the rules described before.

Tense: Simple Present Passive

Statement
Subject Present To Be Past Participle Optional
Auxiliary Verb
Singular The garment is produced by Hondurans.
Plural The garments are produced by Hondurans.

Negation
Subject Present To Be Past Participle Optional
Auxiliary Verb
+ not
Singular The garment Is not (isnt) produced. by Hondurans.
Plural The garments are not (arent) produced. by Hondurans.

To formulate questions you invert the auxiliary verbs and the subject.

Questions
Present To Be Subject Past Participle Optional
Auxiliary Verb
Singular Is the garment produced by Hondurans?
Plural Are the garments produced by Hondurans?

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You can also use passive form with Modal verbs. When you use modals you need
to use be instead of the present to be auxiliary verb.

Statement
Subject Modal Verb + Past Participle Optional
be
Singular The garment can be produced by Hondurans.
Plural The garments can be produced by Hondurans.

Comparison Table

Active Tense Passive Tense

Simple Once a week, Once a week, the house is cleaned.

Present
Mary cleans the house. Or
Once a week, the house is cleaned
by Mary.

Simple Past Passive

You follow the same rules as the present tense except you use the past to BE
auxiliary Verb.
(object receiving the action)+ (past aux. verb To Be)+ (past participle)+
*[by+(subject doing action)+] *optional

For Example:
The student were taught.
OR
object receiving the action + past aux. verb to Be + Past Participle

The students were taught by Lic. Mendieta.

object receiving the action + verb to Be + Past Participle + [*by+ (subject doing the action)]

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Tense: Simple Past Passive

Statement
Subject Past To Be Past Participle Optional
Auxiliary Verb
Singular The garment was produced by Hondurans.
Plural The garments were produced by Hondurans.

Negation
Subject Present To Be Past Participle Optional
Auxiliary Verb
+ not
Singular The garment was not produced. by Hondurans.
(wasnt)
Plural The garments were not produced. by Hondurans.
(arent)

To formulate questions you invert the auxiliary verbs and the subject.

Questions
Present To Be Subject Past Participle Optional
Auxiliary Verb
Singular Was the garment produced by Hondurans?
Plural Were the garments produced by Hondurans?

Vocabulary.

Regular Past Participles follow these rules.

1. Regular verbs ending in a silent e take /-d/ in the past participle:

Example:
close=closed
2. Regular verbs ending in a vowel + y take /-ed/ in the past participle:
Example:
play=played
3. Regular verbs ending in a consonant + y take /-ied/ in the past
participle (the y becomes an i followed by /-ed/)
Example:
marry=married
4. All the other regular vebs take /-ed/ in the past participle.
Example:
visit=visited

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Part One. Most common Irregular Past Participles

Verb Past Simple Past Participle

arise arose arisen

babysit babysat babysat
be was / were been
beat beat beaten
become became become
bend bent bent
begin began begun
bet bet bet
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled
blow blew blown
break broke broken
breed bred bred
bring brought brought
broadcast broadcast broadcast
build built built
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
do did done
draw drew drawn
drink drank drunk

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drive drove driven

eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forbid forbade forbidden
forget forgot forgotten
forgive forgave forgiven
freeze froze frozen
get got gotten

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ring rang rung

Verb Past Simple Past Participle

give gave given

go went gone
grow grew grown
hang* hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
lay laid laid
lead led led
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie ** lay lain
light lit lit
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
quit quit quit
read *** read read
ride rode ridden

Verb Past Simple Past Participle

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rise rose risen

run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
shake shook shaken
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot
show showed shown
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
slide slid slid
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
spin spun spun
spread spread spread
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
sting stung stung
strike struck struck
swear swore sworn
sweep swept swept
swim swam swum

Verb Past Simple Past Participle

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swing swung swung

take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
understand understood understood
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
win won won
withdraw withdrew withdrawn
write wrote written

* HANG - Hang has two different meanings. The first is "to attach (or hang) something in a high
position" (e.g. on the wall or on a hook). In this case we use the above verbs Hang-Hung-
Hung.

BUT when Hang means "to kill someone by putting a rope around someone's neck and leaving
them in a high position without any support", we use different verbs: Hang-Hanged-hanged.
This verb is typical of public executions in the past. (e.g. They hanged him in the main square.)

** LIE - Lie has two meanings. When it means "to put your body in a horizontal position"
(normally on a bed) it uses the Lie-Lay-Lain verbs.

BUT it is regular Lie-Lied-Lied when it has the other meaning of "not to say the truth".

*** READ - Even though they are written the same, the pronunciation is different in the Past
Tense and Past Participle form.

Part Two
The following verbs can be regular or irregular:

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Verb Past Simple Past Participle

burn burned OR burnt burned OR burnt

dream dreamed OR dreamt dreamed OR dreamt
learn learned OR learnt learned OR learnt
smell smelled OR smelt smelled OR smelt
The second form (burnt, dreamt etc.) is more common in British English.

Part Three
Verbs that have the same form in Present, Past and Past Participle form:

Verb Past Simple Past Participle

bet bet bet

broadcast broadcast broadcast
cut cut cut
hit hit hit
hurt hurt hurt
let let let
put put put
quit quit quit
read read read
set set set
shut shut shut
spread spread spread
All of the verbs above are written and pronounced the same in the three forms EXCEPT
for Read which is written the same but pronounced differently.

I. BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Textbook: Open Mind Level 2B, Editorial Macmillan, Edicin 2014.

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2. Diccionario de Ingles / Espaol o www.dictionary.com

3. Laboratorio de Idiomas - Open Mind : www.macmillanmind.com

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