Costa Rica

The Costa Rican Seismic Code

and ACI 318-02
Guillermo Santana, Ph.D.

Area 19730 sq. mi.

Population 4 400 000
Per capita income $ 5,970oo

4th International Workshop Structural Concrete in the Americas, Atlanta, 20-21April 2007

Central American Tectonics

Cartago Earthquake, May 4th 1910

Elementary school before Elementary school after

General destruction

City Hall after

City Hall before
 Colapsed Bridge, Limon
Earthquake, 1991, Mw= 7.6
Development of the Costa Rican
Seismic Code, CSCR
Before 1974: use of foreign codes
1974: CSCR-1974
Strength and capacity design
Explicit consideration of ductility
Dynamic analysis by modal superposition
Control of inelastic deformations
Colapsed Buildings, Limon
Earthquake, 1991, Mw= 7.6
Development of the Costa Rican
Seismic Code, CSCR
1977: Stanford seismic hazard study, use of code
mandatory for all registered professional engineers
1980s: earthquakes in Golfito (Ms=7.3), and S.
Isidro del General (Ms=6.2)
1987: CSCR-86
Improves the 1974 version
Strong influence of ATC 3
Incorporates Stanfords seismic hazard study
 2002 Seismic Code Committee
Development of the Costa Rican
Members
Seismic Code, CSCR
Roy Acu
Acua (() Rafael Mora
1990: Cbano earthquake (Ms=7.0)
Johnny Berm
Bermdez ()
Juan Pastor (
1991: UCR graduate program in civil engineering, Javier Cart
Cartn ()
Alvaro Poveda (
Limn earthquake (Mw=7.6) Miguel Cruz (() ()
Guillermo Santana (
Jorge Guti
Gutirrez ((, ) Franz Sauter (
()
1994: New seismic hazard study (NORSAR)
Rodolfo Herrera ( (, ) Ronald Steinvorth
1996: LANAMME, UCR, Materials and Mar
Mara Laporte
Structural Models National Laboratory () Since 1973
()
Alejandro Navas ( () Professors,
Professors, UCR
1999: Code revision and updating begins
(Executive Secretary)
Secretary)
2002: CSCR-2002

Costa Rican Society of Civil

Engineers
CSCR-2002
Seismic Code Special Committee
SECTION CHAPTER

Board of Directors 1. Philosophy, objectives 1. Philosophy and objectives

President:
President: Jorge Guti
Gutirrez and seismic demand 2. Seismic demand
Vice-
Vice-President 3. General considerations
Secretary 4. Classification of structures and
Treasurer 2. Loads and methods of components
analysis 5. Seismic coefficient
Executive Secretary 6. Loads and participation factors
7. Methods of analysis and drift
limitations
Editorial Committee Technical Committees
8. Requirements for structural concrete
3. Requirements for the 9. Requirements for structural masonry
proportioning and 10. Requirements for structural steel
detailing of buildings 11. Requirements for structural timber
Seismic Loads and Foundations Non Structural Evaluation and Design 12. Precast structures and components
Demand Analysis Systems Seismic Documents
Upgrading
.

Structural Structural Structural Structural Precast . One and two

Concrete Masonry Steel Timber Structures story single
. . . . family housing

.
 CSCR-1986
CSCR-2002
Isoacceleration Curves
13. Foundations
4. Foundations, components, 14. Non-structural systems and components
seismic upgrading and 15. Evaluation and seismic upgrading
documentation 16. Design documents, inspection and
construction
5. Housing 17. One and two story single family homes

SECTION APPENDICES

A. Additional considerations pertaining to

6. Appendices masonry
B. Definitions
C. Notation

CSCR-2002 Seismic Zonation Effective design peak acceleration

Site ZONE II ZONE III ZONE IV

S1 .20 .30 .40

(Rock)
S2 .24 .33 .40
(Firm)
S3 .28 .36 .44
(Med)
S4 .34 .36 .36
(Soft)
 Occupancy categories Performance objectives
Group Description Example Seismic Performance Level
Operational Life Safety
A Essential hospital

Moderate Severe Extreme

I = 1.5
B Hazardous refinery A B

Seismic Demand Level

C Special Large school

I = 1.0
Occupancy
C D
D Standard Office buildings
Occupancy

I = 0.75
E Miscellaneous Rural facilities E

Assigned global ductility, GA

Classification of structures
Frame System
By seismic importance of the facility and impact of Type Regular Moderate DLO DLM GA
possible disruption. irregularity
By basic structural system. a 9 9 6
By structural irregularity condition in plant and
elevation. b 9 9 4
By ductility of the structural elements.
c 9 9 3
Structural Assigned Global Ductility GA d 1.5
9 9
DLO: Optimal local ductility
DLM: Moderate local ductility
 Assigned global ductility, GA CSCR-2002
Dual System Seismic Coeficient
Type Regular Moderate DLO DLM GA
irregularity
C = aef I FED / SR
a 9 9 4 aef = Effective peak design acceleration f( Zj , Si )
I = Importance factor (1.0, 1.5, 0.7)
b 9 9 3 SR = Overstrength factor (2.0, 1.2)
c FED = Dynamic spectral factor, f ( GA , Zj , Si, , T)
9 9 2 GA = Assigned global ductility (1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6)
d 9 9 1.5
DLO: Optimal local ductility
DLM: Moderate local ductility

FED Site S1 (Rock), Zone III ( =5% )

10,000 Elastic, =1.0 Seismic Resistant Design under Linear
=1.5
Elastic Analysis
FED

=2
=3
=4
1,000
=6 Vu = Ve SR
i = e GA SR
Vu = Ve SR

Actual behavior
0,100

Structural Capacity and

0,010
Ve

Inelastic Displacement
Design Forces and Elastic
Displacements
0,001
0,01 0,10 Period (seg) 1,00 10,00
e e SR i = e SR GA
 CSCR 2002- Methods of analysis
Table 7.2 (Article 7.8)
Story Drift Limits Static:
Fi
Occupancy Regular structures in plant and
Severe Limitation Normal Limitation
elevation, five stories or less,
Structural system A&C B, D & E
with total seismic force in each
Frame 0.010 0.016 principal direction
Dual 0.010 0.014 V=CW
Wall 0.008 0.008 and seismic force in each level
Cantilever 0.010 0.016 Fi = V ( Wi hi ) / ( Wk hk)
Undefined 0.005 0.008 Linear Elastic Analysis
V=CW

CSCR-
CSCR-2002 Performance-
Performance-Based Design
CSCR 2002- Methods of analysis
9,0
Dynamic: Seismic =1
Demand =1.5
s

Analysis by modal
1 .0

Fj j Curves =2
T=

superposition. (No Spectral Capacity =3

s
T=0.5

6,0 Curve
substantial changes =4
Performance
Sa (m/s2)

with respect to CSCR-

86) Performance
3,0 Limit (LS or SS) s
T=2.0

Linear Elastic
Analysis
Vj = Cj Wj** 0,0
0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4
Sd (m)
 Chapter 21 (ACI 318-02) vs
CSCR-2002 vs ACI 318-02 Chapter 8 (CSCR-2002)
ACI 318-02 CSCR-2002
ACI 318-02 presents design provisions for Chapter 21. Special provisions for seismic Chapter 8. Requirements for structural
structural concrete subjected to various design
21.0 Notation
concrete
Section 6. Appendix C
loading conditions, including seismic lateral 21.1 Definition
21.2 General requirements
Section 6. Appendix B
8.1 General requirements
loads (Chapter 21), while CSCR-2002 21.3 Flexural members of special
moment frames
8.2 Flexural members

presents seismic design requirements for 21.4 Special moment frame members 8.3 Members subjected to bending and
subjected to bending and axial axial loads
various structural materials, including load

structural concrete (Chapter 8)

Chapter 21 (ACI 318-02) vs Chapter 21 (ACI 318-02) vs

Chapter 8 (CSCR-2002) Chapter 8 (CSCR-2002)
ACI 318-02 CSCR-2002
ACI 318-02 CSCR-2002 21.8 Special structural walls
8.4 Beam-Column joints constructed using precast Section 3. Chapter 12
21.5 Joints of special moment 8.5 Development lengths for concrete
frames longitudinal reinforcement 21.9 Structural diaphragm s and 8.7.3 Structural diaphragm s
21.6 Special moment frames trusses
constructed using Section 3. Chapter 12 21.10 Foundations 8.10 Foundations
precast concrete 21.11 Fram e m em bers not
8.6 Structural walls, braced proportioned to resist -----------------------
forces induced by
frames and boundary
earthquakes m otions
21.7 Special reinforced elements 21.12 Requirem ents for -----------------------
concrete structural walls 8.7 Shear strength interm ediate
requirements m om ent fram es
8.7.1 Moment frame 21.13 Interm ediate precast -----------------------
elements structural walls
8.7.2 Structural walls
8.8 Coupling beams
8.9 Construction joints
 CSCR-2002 vs ACI 318-02 CSCR-2002 vs ACI 318-02

CSCR-2002: all moment frames and

structural walls are considered special
CSCR-2002: allows transverse
reinforcement to be detailed according to
two local ductility criteria, optimal and
moderate, the former providing more
effective core confinement than the latter

Materials and Structural Models Full Scale Precast Concrete

National Laboratory Beam-Column Joint Tests

LANAMME
School of Civil Engineering, UCR
 Full Scale RC Structural Wall Test
Carga Axial

Viga
Full Scale Precast Slab Tests
Carga Axial Cargador
Viga
Cargador
Oeste (-) Este (+)

Marco de
Carga Axial
Arriostre
Carga Carga
Lateral
Lateral Lateral
Arriostre
Lateral
Arriostre Arriostre
Lateral Lateral

Reduced Scale Masonry Wall Concrete Masonry Diagonal

Tests Tension Tests
 Full Scale Concrete Masonry
Wall Tests Cold Formed Steel Tests

Acknowledgement
Participation in this Workshop and in the
ACI Convention was made possible by the
Costa Rican Institute of Cement and
Concrete (Instituto Costarricense del
Cemento y del Concreto) and by the
University of Costa Rica. Their support is
deeply appreciated.