CHAPTER-1
Technical Report
on
Using IOT Technology to Improve Online Education
Through Data Mining
ABSTRACT:
Online learning is rapidly expanding in both
the number of programs and users.
Concerns are arising on how to improve the
quality of materials and delivery methods.
This research intends to explore the
potential use of Internet of Things (IoT) to
collect data, which will be analyzed to get
information useful for decision making to
improve the online programmes in Higher
Education Institutions (HEIs)
INTRODUCTION:
Many people who are advancing their careers and
students are choosing online education to develop
their profession while still maintaining their job
status or seek training or prepare for certification
exams. Due to the increase in number of users
registering for the online courses a close monitoring
and evaluation by the institutions is becoming a
struggling issue[1]. The number of supervisors/
tutors doesnt cater with this increase, therefore the
educational institutions are investing huge amount in
online teaching and learning in order to take the
advantage of the network as a platform. The Internet
offers high-bandwidth suitable for applications such
as animations, video conferencing, and simulations
to a worldwide audience of interconnected learners.
The platform is providing an environment for sharing
of contents with each other and online course
modules[2]. IoT instruments are being used to collect
data as the learners are interacting with the online
learning platforms such as Massive Open Online
Courses (MOOCS) and send it to a central database
system for analysis.
The aim of this research is to explore whether
Internet of Things (IoT) can be used to improve
online learning and teaching. This paper provides a
proposal of a system where data collected from the
IoT devices will be used to help the educational
institutions management make informed decisions.
Several data-mining algorithms will be applied within
the central database systems to sort, arrange, merge
and analyze information to produce reports for
various levels of management. The real-time stream
of data and analysis of these transactions can be fed
directly to a learning analytics system for data-driven
decision making by the higher learning institutions.
The online access of the academic platforms are also
affecting the administration of the universities and
colleges.
OBJECTIVES:
The aim of this study is to propose a system
for collecting data from IoT devices and
analyze it to help in improving the quality
of information delivered by tutors and
accessed by the learners. The research is
intended to focus on the participants using
the online platform. The main objectives of
system are:-
(i.) To engage participant in online study and
provide them with an opportunity to
explore on various teaching and learning
methodology
(ii.) Evaluate and measure the impact
that online platform have on learners
understanding of course being delivered.
Encouraging the teachers and learners to
partake in the study process to improve the
delivery and access of the online platform.
RELATED WORK:
The adaption of new technologies for learning has
thrived in the emerging of world of the Internet of
Everything (IoE)the networked connection of
people, process, data, and thingswhich is
becoming the basis for the Internet of Learning
Things [4], [5]. Several researches have been carried
in the field of E-Learning on how to improve the
learners performance academically and to sustain
the institutions reputation on education.
In the UK, eight schools participated to find out how
Internet of Things can enhance learning in science,
technology, and Geography in a scheme worth
$1.2M [6]. Numerous e-learning platforms are
available today and most popular platforms are the
commercial systems Blackboard, Clix, and
Desire2Learn, and the open-source platforms ILIAS,
Moodle, OLAT, and Sakai[7]. With modern
improvement of technology many learning
institutions are applying the Internet of Things (IoT)
within their online learning platforms to collect,
store and send the data to the central database
system. The data collected is more complex and
challenging due to increase in the volume of data
collected[8], [9].
IoT driven business transformation through seeking
opportunity in the context of product is used not just
in the product but also in achieving transformative
outcomes through fleet leverage not directly through
advanced IoT functionality[10]. IoT helps industries
create value in the ecosystem through taking the
advantage of the available opportunities. It also
provides the industries with better understanding of
the IoT landscape through different ways so that
value can be created and captured[11].
ICT Initiatives and Implementation strategy of IoT has
gained increased performance as a new technology-
driven research approach in e-Learning. The
information collected and analyzed allows
instructor(s) to have deeper insights into learning.
RESEARCH AND
EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY:
This study will adopt an exploratory route and apply
quantitative and qualitative combination
methodology approach. The datasets will be
collected using the sensors devices and will be time-
stamped to indicate the time they were collected for
accuracy and completeness. The data collected will
be analyzed using the R language to produce the
reports and simulate the algorithms. Some of the
data types to collect includes: - Heart beat rate, brain
signals, temperature, sweating, eye movement etc.
We expect a correlation between these types of data
collected from the IoT devices and understanding of
the students. The data types can be changed at any
time if these indicators were not useful. Next, we
collect information related to the understanding and
comfort of the user using a questionnaire because
this information is not measurable by the IoT
devices. The questionnaire are designed to collect
information in time slices not in general. This will
enable the users to respond during those intervals
rather than waiting until the end of session. The
users might not recall everything what happened
during the session if allowed to fill in the
questionnaire at the end of lecture. For one use we
use Open source Software (OSS) to find the relation
between the data collected from the IoT devices and
the questionnaire. Then build a model that will help
us repeat the experiment on large scale and collect
massive data on the understanding of the users from
the IoT devices. We feed this data into a special
engine that can provide the worst scenario of
understanding by comparing the time of the
slides/lecture activities with the time of the sensor
data and therefore can give advice.
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGN:
The proposed application will be developed using
object programming language Java and analysis
engine (Hadoop). The architecture has four modules
as shown in fig 1 (i) Sensors devices and data
concentration center (ii) Questionnaire (iii) Data
analysis (iv) Data visualization. The application will
apply different algorithms to give different reports
for the management. Hadoop, is a popular open
source implementation of the Googles MapReduce
model, which was primarily developed by Yahoo.
Different industries such as Amazon, Facebook
employ Hadoop to manage massive amount of data
on a daily basis from their websites. Apart from Web
data-intensive applications, scientific data-intensive
applications (e.g., seismic simulations and natural
language processing) take maximum benefits from
the Hadoop system[13], [14]. It consists of two major
components Hadoop MapReduce engine and
Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). HDFS divides
files
into blocks that are replicated among several
different computing nodes with no attention to
whether the blocks are divided evenly[15]. In
educational data mining predictive modeling is
usually used in predicting performance. Our system
will apply predictive modeling that applies
classification, regression and categorization to
produce the reports. There are several algorithms
under classification task that have been applied to
predict students performance. Among the
algorithms used are Decision tree, Artificial Neural
Networks, Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor and
Support Vector Machine. The Nave Bayes (NB) is the
simplest and most commonly used algorithm for
classification.
A. Sensor Data Collection and
transmission:
The heterogeneous sensors will be used to collect
data, store and transmit to the centralized database.
At this stage a special care should be taken into
consideration in order to collect accurate data that
includes its time stamp. In addition energy-efficiency,
scalability and fault-tolerance of the sensors as this
will allow the management and distribution of the
resources across the whole framework structure.
For example adopting the data aggregation will
reduce the amount of data transmission and thus
promoting the utilization of energy of sensor nodes.
B. Data Concentration Center:
The heterogeneous sensors will capture and store a
massive data before transmitting it. Therefore, it is
necessary to consider how to manage data collected
effectively and how to implement an algorithm that
will be able to analyze and process data
conveniently. The data has the following
characteristics: (i) Data of smart objects tends to
have its own implicit semantics (ii) Data of smart
objects is likely to inaccurate, and usually is time-
related or location-related (iii) In the environment
of IoT, devices such as sensors and RFID will produce
massive data streams.
The characteristics of IoT data put forward new
demands for data management and data mining
that includes:-
1. Identification and addressing of smart
objects as they will be large number of smart
devices connected and needs identification and
addressing effectively. This will enable to query
or communicate with the smart objects.
2. Time-series level and event level data
aggregation
3. Data abstraction and compression for
filtering redundant data.
4. Privacy and protection problem in data
management of IoT
5. Data archive, index, scalability and access
control for IoT data.
6. Data warehouse and its query language for
multidimensional analysis.
7. Interoperability and semantic intelligibility
for heterogeneous data of IoT.
C. Cloud Processing, Analytics and
Visualization:
Data analysis and visualization is fundamental to
learning institutions to understand the hidden data
pattern in data that can lead to improved policies
and recommendations for better planning,
monitoring, evaluation, cost efficiency, and thus
improving quality of the learners. In this regard, we
will create an algorithm that will be able to do data
processing, analyze and visualize for the
management. All the three levels will be interlinked
to allow communication and flow of data as shown
in the fig. 1. The benefits that the users will gain
from using the visualization tools are improved
decision-making, improved
collaboration/information sharing, Better ad-hoc
data analysis and time saving.
The result of the model of sensor data will inform
the understanding of the students. If the percentage
of the majority users indicate the low understanding
of the contents, instructor is informed to change
during the break sessions.
CONCLUSION:
The objective of using the IoT is to provide a
framework to capture, store and transmit the data
to the centralized database. When the data is
analyzed it will be able to inform the management
on areas that needs to be improved in order to
improve learners quality of lifelong learning. With
the advancement of technologies, higher learning
institutions requires to take the advantageous
opportunities to be able confront many challenges,
such as delivery methods, quality of contents,
teachers learning leadership, pedagogical theory,
educational technology leadership, educational
structures and ideology.

CHAPTER-2
SEMINARNOTES
Online learning is rapidly expanding
in both the number of programs and
users. Concerns are arising on how to
improve the quality of materials and
delivery methods. This research
intends to explore the potential use
of Internet of Things (IoT) to collect
data, which will be analyzed to get
information useful for decision
making to improve the online
programmes in Higher Education
Institutions (HEIs)
The aim of this research is to explore
whether Internet of Things (IoT) can
be used to improve online learning
and teaching. This paper provides a
proposal of a system where data
collected from the IoT devices will
be used to help the educational
institutions management make
informed decisions. Several data-
mining algorithms will be applied
within the central database systems
to sort, arrange, merge and analyze
information to produce reports for
various levels of management. Many
people who are advancing their
careers and students are choosing
online education to develop their
profession while still maintaining
their job status or seek training or
prepare for certification exams. Due
to the increase in number of users
registering for the online courses a
close monitoring and evaluation by
the institutions is becoming a
struggling issue[1]. The number of
supervisors/ tutors doesnt cater
with this increase, therefore the
educational institutions are investing
huge amount in online teaching and
learning in order to take the
advantage of the network as a
platformThe main objectives of
system are:
i. To engage participant in online study
and provide them with an
opportunity to explore on various
teaching and learning methodology.
SYSTEMARCHITDESIGN:
The proposed application will be
develop using object programming
language java and analysis engine
(HADOOP). The architecture has four
modules
i. Sensors devices and data
concentration center
 ii. Questionnaire
iii. Data analysis
iv. Data visualization
v. A. Sensor Data Collection and
transmission:
vi. The heterogeneous sensors will be used to
collect data, store and transmit to the
centralized database.
vii. B. Data Concentration Center:
The heterogeneous sensors will capture and
store a massive data before transmitting it.
Therefore, it is necessary to consider how to
manage data collected effectively and how to
implement an algorithm that will be able to
analyze and process data conveniently. The
data has the following characteristics: (i)
Data of C. Cloud Processing, Analytics
and Visualization:
i. Data analysis and visualization is
fundamental to learning institutions to
understand the hidden data pattern in data
that can lead to improved policies and
recommendations for better planning,
monitoring, evaluation, cost efficiency, and
thus improving quality of the learners.
smart objects tends to have its own implicit
semantics (ii) Data of smart
ii. objects is likely to inaccurate, and usually is
time-related or location-related (iii) In the
environment of IoT, devices such as sensors
and RFID will produce massive data streams

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