DESIGN AND DEVELOPENT OF PASSENGER TERMINAL

EXTENSION OF CLARK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

Project By

Acenas, Joseph G.

Garcia, Waiben Jenin T.

Submitted to the School of Civil, Environmental and Geological

Engineering (SCEGE)

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

Mapua Institute of Technology

Intramuros, Manila

March 2014
 Executive Summary

The project (Clark International Airport Extension) will help the congested non
expanded NAIA (Ninoy Aquino International Airport) to accommodate more people to
travel in the air effectively and efficiently especially in all parts of Luzon. With this
expansion project, the researchers were given the opportunity to provide a design of an
Integrated Port Passenger Terminal Building in the Clark International Airport for the
accommodation of the passengers of the said airport. Moreover, the project would also
provide additional functional facilities for the passengers necessities and comfort like
waiting areas, rest rooms, cafeterias and security personnel. The proposed infrastructure
will stand on a side of the receiving portion of the existing terminal. Furthermore, this
project will utilize indigenous construction materials manufactured in Pampanga. The
design of the building would follow the specifications of a Green Building. Energy
saving, efficient lighting system which uses sunlight as primary source in generating
power for the proposed structures consumption will be installed. This project hopes to
help the authorities to improve the quality of their service and to alleviate the growing
demand of the passengers by expanding the facilities.
 Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction.1
Chapter 2 Presenting the Challenges...2-4
2.1 Problem Statement
2.2 Project Objective
2.3 Design Norms Considered
2.4 Major and Minor Areas of Civil Engineering
2.5 The Project Beneficiary
2.6 The Innovative Approach
2.7 The Research Component
2.8 The Design Component
2.9 Sustainable Development Concept
Chapter 3 Environmental Examination Report..5-13
3.1 Project Description
3.1.1 Project Rationale
3.1.2 Project Location
3.1.3 Project Information
3.1.4 Description of Project Phases
3.1.5 Pre-construction/Operational phase
3.1.6 Construction phase
3.1.7 Operational phase
3.1.8 Abandonment phase
3.2 Description of Environmental Setting and
Receiving Environment
3.2.1 Physical Environment
3.2.2 Biological Environment
3.2.3 Socio-Cultural, Economic and Political Environment
3.2.4 Future Environmental Conditions without the Project
3.3 Impact Assessment and Mitigation
3.3.1 Summary Matrix of Predicted Environmental
Issues/Impacts and their Level of Significance at
Various Stages of Development
3.4 Environmental Management Plan
3.4.1 Summary Matrix of Proposed Mitigation
and Enhancement Measures, Estimated Cost
and Responsibilities
3.4.2 Brief Discussion of Mitigation and
Enhancement Measures
3.4.3 Monitoring Plan
3.4.4 Contingency Plan
3.4.5 Institutional Responsibilities and Agreements
Chapter 4 The Research Component14-18
4.1 Abstract
4.2 Introduction
4.3 Review of Literature
4.4 Methodology
4.5 Conclusion and Recommendation
Chapter 5 Detailed Engineering design...19-63
5.1 Forecasting Number of Passengers
5.2 Forecasting of Required Parking Spaces
5.3 Loads and Codes
5.3.1 Introduction
5.3.2 Dead Load
5.3.3 Live Load
5.3.4 Earthquake Load
5.3.5 Wind Load
5.4 Structural Design
5.4.1 Slab Design
5.4.2 Beam Design
5.4.3 Column Design
5.4.4 Foundation Design
5.4.5 Stair Design (Fire Exit)
5.4.6 Roof Design
Chapter 6 Promotional Material...64-68
6.1 Introduction
Chapter 7 Budget Estimation....69-82
Chapter 8 Projects Schedule83-85
Chapter 9 Conclusion and Summary.........86
Chapter 10 Recommendation.87
Chapter 11 Acknowledgements......88
Chapter 12 References.89
Chapter 13 Appendix.......90
(Article type paper)91
(Assessment panel member).97
(English Editor)...124
(Consultation forms)....128
(Assessment rubrics)....133
(Engineering Drawing)....148
(Poster project).151
(Photocopy of receipt)..153
(Relevant Pictures)...161
(Required forms)..163
(Student Reflection).................................................................................167
(Resume)..170
LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Pampangas barangays population

Table 2 Demographics

Table 4 Summary Matrix of Predicted Environmental

Issues/Impacts and their Level of Significance at Various
Stages of Development

Table 5 Monitoring Plan

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 1 Partial Satellite View of Clark Free Port Zone

Fig. 2 Location Map

Fig. 3 Satellite View of Site Location

Fig. 4 Current Site Condition

Fig. 5 Map of Pampanga

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Clark International Airport Corporation fully commits to provide quality

management of airport infrastructure and services in order to realize our vision as world-
class airport of the Philippines by 2020; the secondary airport of choice by 2017; and, a
competitive aviation services in the Asia Pacific Region by 2015.

This is the motto set by the CIAC aiming to deliver good service to the airport
commuters may they be tourists or Filipinos. The Department of Transportation and
Communication (DOTC) is urged to consider the twin airports solution or the coexistence
and improvement of the Clark International Airport (CIA) and the Ninoy Aquino
International Airport (NAIA) as the country seeks to expand its tourism industry.

NAIA, the main gateway to the Philippines, is the 34th busiest airport in the
world. Its runway is congested and some of its terminal buildings are already bursting at
the seams. International travel website Frommer's included Terminal 1 in in their list of
10 Worst Airport Terminals. The proposed airport will be the most viable, cost-efficient
solution to the worsening air traffic and passenger congestion at the Ninoy Aquino
International Airport (NAIA). NAIA Terminals 1, 2 and 3 share a runway, resulting in air
traffic congestion and forcing airport authorities to schedule international airlines to use
and land in the airport late in the evening to the wee hours of the morning. This has
caused and continues to cause inconvenience to both airlines and passengers.

With this project, the tourism in the Philippines is expected to surge high and that
this project is also considered a highly feasible project according to the studies conducted
by the Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC).

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CHAPTER 2: PRESENTING THE CHALLENGES

2.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

We will look at where the Philippine economy is going in the next five to twenty
years, to support the governments push to tourism and expand the international airport in
preparation for the influx of foreign tourists. A data from the Department of
Transportation and Communications (DOTC) showed that aircraft movements - defined
as takeoffs and landings - at Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) went up to
255,000 in 2011 from 171,000 in 2006. At the same time, the fleet of commercial airlines
using NAIA doubled to 119 from only 62 in 2008. These aircraft serviced 30 million
passengers last year, up from 18 million in 2006.

These figures constitute to the rapid increase of the airport passengers. Transport
Secretary Joseph Emilio Abaya said that as of the moment NAIA has already reached its
maximum capacity. One of the options presented to the President Benigno Aquino III is
to develop Clark as the countrys main gateway.The reason for this is that passenger
demand keeps surging in some places.

2.2 SCOPE AND LIMIT OF THE PROBLEM

The study will determine the pros and cons of the expected extension of Clark
International Airport passenger terminal.
The study will concentrate only on two-storey passenger terminal.
Main characteristics to be compared are strengths, weaknesses, safety, labor, cost
& availability.
It will be done through researching and reviewing related literature.
The labor and cost of materials will be based on Philippine scenario only.

2.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this project is to provide the rapidly growing

passenger demands in the Philippines with high level of service as far as safety,
convenience, comfort and security. In order to fulfill the general objectives, the
following specific objectives of this project must be obtained:

1. To design and develop the passenger terminal of the Clark International

Airport extension.
2. To design a two-storey commercial terminal building.
3. To meet the most economical materials without affecting the quality of
structure to be constructed.
4. To provide a structure with green engineering.

2
2.4 DESIGN NORMS
In structural design, the emphasis is set upon the compliance of the design inputs
and outputs to the existing structural codes and building codes. Safety and green
engineering are the design norms aimed in this project. The structure should be able to
withstand any kind of calamity to ensure the safety of the passengers and we should
guarantee that our design pass the factor of safety. For green engineering, reduction of
environment impact of the project must be taken into account. The building must be
environment-friendly.

2.5 MAJOR AND MINOR AREAS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Transportation Engineering is the major area of Civil Engineering in this project
since this study aims to study and forecast the volume of the passengers and the aircraft
movements for the year 2020. Structural engineering is the minor component since we
are to design a two-storey passenger terminal extension for Clark International Airport.
Lastly, we would also put into consideration the environmental factors of this project
since we are aiming for green engineering.

2.6 PROJECT BENEFICIARY

The Beneficiary of this project is the Department of Transportation and
Communication of the Republic of the Philippines (DOTC).

The transportation department remains keen on putting up a new budget terminal for
Clark International Airport in Pampanga. Transportation Secretary Joseph Abaya said the
government is keen on supporting Clark International Airport with the addition of new terminals
catering to the fast-growing budget airline segment.

2.7 INNOVATIVE APPROACH

We would be maximizing the use of Microsoft Excel for our computations and for table
of data. For the set of plans like architectural and structural plans and other details of the
structure we will use AutoCAD. For the design of the two-storey passenger terminal, we will
exhaust the possibilities and the functions of computer software called STAAD PRO which is used
in structural designs of the buildings, trusses, bridges, towers and others.

3
2.8 THE RESEARCH COMPONENT
The research strives to assess and to ascertain the difficulties experienced in the
Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) in Manila, especially on the problems
regarding the surging amount of passengers in the said airport and that the NAIA could
no longer expand its land area.

We would make a research on the materials that are to be used to meet the
proposed budget and at the same time have the most economical and environmental-
friendly materials. We would also make a research on what would the passengers need in
the new terminal to make their transport as convenient as possible to come up with the
right design of the building.

2.9 THE DESIGN COMPONENT

The design is a two-storey high passenger terminal building in the Clark
International Airport Extension in Pampanga. We will refer to the National Structural
Code of the Philippines NSCP) 2010 for the loads and load combinations of the structure.
The design of the structure includes the design of structural members such as columns,
beams, slabs, walls and others. The project will be more of the most economical but
conservative type of design. On the other hand, provisions from the National Building
Code of the Philippines and the standards from the Department of Transportation and
Communication (DOTC) will also be taken into account.

2.10 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT

Construction projects must find a correct balance between maximizing value and
minimizing impact, particularly where the environment is concerned. Since the structure
is exposed to long periods of direct sunlight, solar energy panels can provide natural,
clean energy without the use of fossil fuels. Solar panels are installed on the roof of the
structure together with the green roofing. Green roofing are specially designed to offer
increased solar reflectance and decrease thermal emmitance.

4
CHAPTER 3: ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION REPORT

3.1.1 PROJECT RATIONALE

The researchers were motivated to create this project in order to address the
heaving demand of airport passengers in the Philippines. The quantity of passengers are
increasing every year but the capacity of the Ninoy Aquino Internation Airport (NAIA)
remains as it is since its land area could no longer be expanded. The researchers also
want to support the governments push to the Philippine tourism considering the fact that
the Philippine airport was ranked as one of the worst airports in the world according to
surveys.

The application of green engineering in this project is also one of the many
reasons why the researchers were motivated to push thru with this project since the
environment should always be a put into consideration.

3.1.2 PROJECT LOCATION

The passenger terminal will be built in the Clark International Airport located in
Andres Bonifacio Avenue, Clark Special Economic Zone, Clark Field, Pampanga.

Fig. 3.1 Project

Location with existing
structures

5
Fig. 3.2 Vicinity Map of
the Project

3.1.3 PROJECT INFORMATION

The Passenger Terminal to be built at Clark International Airport Extension
formerly known as Diosdado Macapadal International Airport in Clark Field, Pampanga
would be a two-storey structure that would provide additional functional facilities for the
passengers necessities.

Last year, Clark recorded 2.5 million passengers, up from 767,000 in 2011. In line
with this figures, the Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC) has
allotted 6 billion pesos of the construction of the 45,000 square meter budget terminal in
the former US Air Force base. This would double the airports capacity to five million
passengers. Passenger volume at the Clark International Airport surged 62 percent in the
first quarter of the year compared to the same period last year. The DOTC expects this to
further increase as they are anticipating the start of the Emirates non-stop daily flights
between Dubai and Clark and vice versa.

It would also be a green building by energy saving, efficient lighting system and
which uses sunlight as primary source in generating power for the proposed structures
consumption will be installed. It would also be a green building by using technologies
such as solar panels for energy saving which uses sunlight as primary source in
generating power and a green roofing is also proposed for the project.

3.1.4 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT PHASES

Pre-construction phase gathering of data for the design.
Construction phase where the design will be built and ready for completion.
Operational phase after construction and ready for occupation.
Abandonment phase the building would fail after several years of use.

6
3.1.5 PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Pre-construction phase is used in planning a construction project before the actual
construction begins. This is often referred to as preconstruction or precon. It is a modern
practice, considered to be part of construction project management, which is the overall
planning, coordination, and control of a project from inception to completion aimed at
meeting a clients requirements in order to produce a functionally and financially viable
project.

Site visitation, observation and inspection is done on the project location.

Through this phase, the project team will ponder on design review, cost estimating,
scheduling and suitable construction method.

3.1.6 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

3.1.6.1 CLEARING AND/OR GRUBBING
Removal/Disposal of trees, slumps, brush, roots, logs, rubbish and other
objectionable matter.

3.1.6.2 EXCAVATION
Excavation and cut/fill of land.

3.1.6.3 BUILDING STRUCTURE

Construction of foundation footings, columns, beams, slabs and walls.
Finishing

3.1.6.4 WATER AND SEWER LINES

Installation and organization of water and sewer lines.

3.1.6.5 POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Clark Electric Distribution Corporation

3.1.7 OPERATIONAL PHASE

The structure is ready for occupation for aircrafts and ready for operation. In this
phase, noise pollution and air pollution will be critical to the area because a lot of
airplanes will assumed to enter the depot.

7
3.1.8 ABANDONMENT PHASE
Abandonment phase is the last part of construction. Abandonment phase discusses
what measures should be done when the building is unoccupied because of the failure of
structural members due to natural calamities or due time. Absolute evaluation and
appraisal of the quality of building design is to be executed. Improvement and
development of any problems in any area of construction is incorporated in this phase.

3.2 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING AND RECEIVING

ENVIRONMENT

3.2.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

The passenger terminal will be built in the Clark International Airport located in
Andres Bonifacio Avenue, Clark Special Economic Zone, Clark Field, Pampanga. It is
located on the northwest side of Angeles City and on the west side of Mabalacat City
in the province of Pampanga. Clark Freeport Zone is a redevelopment of the former
Clark Air Base, a former United States Air Force base in the Philippines.

3.2.2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The project will have an ecological environment wherein plants, trees, and other
organisms which could help balance the ecosystem. This could also add-up to the excellent
atmosphere to be enjoyed by the residents due to clean air and clean surroundings.

3.2.3 SOCIO-CULTURAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT

Pampanga is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its
capital is the City of San Fernando. Pampanga is bordered by the provinces of Bataan and
Zambales to the west, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija to the north, and Bulacan to the southeast.
Pampanga also lies on the northern shore of Manila Bay. Angeles City, although within
the geography of Pampanga, is classified as a first-class, highly urbanized city and has a
government independent of Pampanga.

8
3.3.2 BRIEF DISCUSSION OF SPECIFIC SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS ON THE
PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
The target area or the site is located in the Clark Freezone in Pampanga where the
present Clark International Airport is located. The said facility is proposed to be extended
by the Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC) since the Ninoy
Aquino International Airport has already reached it maximum capacity. Consequently, the
implementation of the proposed project will not vary since it is in line with the proposed
land use.

The noise produced during the construction would affect those surrounding the
construction site. To lessen the impact of the noise to the existing building, immediate
measures would be taken. Ensuring that the machines and equipment used for the
construction are working properly and in good condition would help in the process. In
addition, limiting the working hours to a designated schedule provides time allowance for
both the construction process and the operation of the propose building.

The air pollution produced during the construction should also be taken into
consideration since air pollution is worsening in the country and that we should
consciously do our part in preventing it.

3.3.3. BRIEF DISCUSSION OF SIGNIFICANR SOCIO-ECONOMIC

EFFECTS/IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT

Employment
Skilled laborers for minor works (carpentry, concreting, finishing, etc.)
could be considered to utilize those that live within the area to provide for the
Socio-economic effect of the Project.

Traffic
The Clark International Airport formerly called the Diosdado Macapagal
Internation Airport is located in Andres Bonifacio Avenue, Clark Special Economic
Zone, Clark Field, Pampanga. Since the said airport is fully functional the effect of
the construction to the traffic could somehow affect those that are within the area.
Compared to the congestion experienced in Metro Manila, Pampanga has
less traffic difficulties. In line with this, the impact of the project to the road or the
traffic would not have a very high impact.

Aesthetic Quality
The project faade will be made partly of glass panels from the ground to
the second floor. The building exterior will also be painted fully to make the
building look neat and clean. Aesthetic quality will be important to provide
impressions from the community and to attract the more tourists in our country.

9
3.3.4 FUTURE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS WITHOUT THE PROJECT

The current Clark International Airport is currently functioning in its full potential
so in the absence of the project in the future, the area will remain its function to be a
government property as its purpose as a passenger terminal. The land area will not be
utilized and maximized considering the fact that the Ninoy Aquino International Aquino
is now on its full and maximum capacity.

3.4 IMPACT ASSESSTMENT AND MITIGATION

3.4.1 SUMMARY OF MATRIX PREDICTED ENVIRONMENTAL

ISSUES/IMPACTS AND THEIR LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE AT VARIOUS
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

Table 3.4 Significance at Various Stages of Development

Predicted Environmental Level of Significance

Environmental Component
Issues/Impacts
Air
Dust Generated During High Impact

Construction Humans

Water Quality Water Low Impact

Increase Water Demand Water Moderate Impact

Air Quality Air Low Impact

Noise from the ongoing Humans High Impact

construction

Population Growth Humans Low Impact

Traffic Humans High Impact

10
3.4.2 BRIEF DISCUSSION OF SPECIFIC SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS ON THE
PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES

3.4.2.1 EXISTING LAND USES

The target area or the sire is presently functioning as an International

Airport, which, according to DOTC is a commercial lot. Consequently, the
implementation of the proposed project will not vary since it is in line with the
said proposed land use.

3.4.2.2 ATMOSPHERIC CONDITION

The construction of the said extension in the passenger terminal could

cause pollution to the environment, but once the building is established green
project will be applied to regain a good atmospheric condition.

3.4.2.3 NATURAL RESOURCES

Plants and trees are to be conserved throughout the process of

construction. But if in case there is need to cut down trees or plants it will
eventually be replaced after the construction for the green roofing and for the
recuperation of good environmental condition.

3.4.3 BRIEF DISCUSSION OF SIGNIFICANT SOCIO-ECONOMIC

EFFECTS/IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT

The location of the project would definitely cause traffic in the area may it be a
high or moderate impact. On the other hand, the development of the Clark International
Airport (CIA) is expected to help the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) to
experience less traffic since some flights are expected to be diverted from NAIA to CIA
and thus this could also be a way for new businesses to sprout within the vicinity.

This could also invite well-known businesses to be established within or near the
vicinity that could increase job opportunities. The said businesses could help the
government of Pampanga due to taxes that they will be paying. The increase in demand
for public transportation will also increase.

11
3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

3.5.1 SUMMARY MATRIX OF PROPOSED MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT

MEASURES, ESTIMATED COST AND RESPONSIBILITIES

Significant Mitigating or Responsibilities

Environmental Possible Impact Enhancement Measures
Impact

1. Traffic Congestion in traffic will Strict traffic Contractor or

increase enforcement, traffic Project
signages and provide Engineer
adequate parking spaces

2. Air Quality Dust generated from the Manpower would be Contractor or

ongoing construction could needed to wipe out or if Project
affect the passengers in the not lessen the amount of Engineer
terminal dust.

3. Solid Waste Could cause pollution and Regular and proper Association
spread of disease garbage collection and
disposal should be
observed

4. Socio- Increase in employment More business

economic opportunities, tourism opportunities for the
could sprout in Pampanga people that reside within
after the said construction or near the vicinity
and an increase in local
and national government
revenue

12
3.5.2 MONITORING PLAN

Environmental Problem Measure Monitoring

1. Traffic Signs and Daily

cautions
Traffic
Management

2. Construction Proper waste Daily

Waste management

3. Noise Noise control Daily

4. Dust Sprinkle with Daily

water to reduce
re-suspension of
dust

3.5.3 INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND AGREEMENTS

The main purpose of the project is to design economically and safely an Airport
terminal building. The project design will follow and comply with the requirements
needed by the local government of Pampanga. The project will also be based on the
NSCP (National Structural Code of the Philippines). We also need to comply with the
rules and regulations of the Clark International Airport Authority in designing a terminal
building. Regarding the environmental concern, the Republic Act No. 6541, an act to
ordain and institute a National Building Code of the Philippines, will be followed. It is
also known as the National Building Code of the Philippines. It must be adapted in
order to come out with an economical and safe structure.

13
CHAPTER 4 : INTRODUCTION

4.1 ABSTRACT
The title of this thesis is Design and Development of Passenger Terminal
Extension at Clark International Airport. In current situation, Clark International Airport
is currently operational but it has limited passenger capacity to accommodate passengers
while the NAIA (Ninoy Aquino International Airport) can no longer expand and the
number of passengers is increasing constantly. It will definitely create several problems.
These problems will cause the entire operation of the said terminal to become ineffective
and inefficient or it may also lead to a stop in the operation. Therefore, the researchers
will provide the necessary solutions in order to solve these problems. These solutions
involve the following: the said terminal should provide the necessary security and
accommodation for the passengers; the terminal should also provide a cost-effective but
an environmental design, and lastly to apply the concept of minimalism in order to
provide ample space for the needs of the passengers. This thesis also provides the study
of the location of the said terminal and the detailed engineering design. In designing, the
researchers aim to have a structural design in economical and safe design. The
researchers estimated the overall budget of the design. Lastly, the design of the
researchers could really help the accommodation of passengers as well as the Department
of Transportation and Communication, which is responsible for financing and operation
of the airports throughout the Philippines.

4.2 INTRODUCTION

Clark International Airport in Pampangga City became certainly beneficial to the

people of all parts of Luzon especially in Metro Manila. The expansion of the Clark
International Airport will help to lessen the congestion of NAIA (Ninoy Aquino
International Airport). NAIA reaches its 100% capacity and cannot longer expand
because of the limited area.

It is vital to provide additional Passenger terminal Building in order to

accommodate more passenger comfortably. The Department of Transportation and
Communications are making actions to overcome such problems that can affect
passengers convenience not only in Pampanga but also in the entire Luzon.

This project will benefit greatly on the planners of Department of Transportation

and Communications. And it will also help the operation more organized, more effective
and more efficiently.

The chapter includes the research gathering of the use of Natural Lighting system,
Rain water supply. It will reduce the consumption of energy and water of the said
terminal building.

14
4.3 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The government is taking a second look at plans to replace Manilas Ninoy

Aquino International Airport (NAIA) with a new facility in Clark, which several groups
have criticized as too far from the countrys capital.

Transportation Secretary Jose Emilio Jun Abaya said administration officials

are now on the hunt for a possible solution to address NAIA, which has struggled to keep
up with rising passenger demand due to space limitations.

To solve NAIAs immediate congestion problems, Abaya said the Department of

Transportation and Communications (DOTC) is studying new technologies that would
allow more frequent take-off and landing of planes in Manila. There is a new technology
that we can adopt. We can lessen gaps between landings, Abaya said.

He said Naias terminals 1, 2 and 3, as well as the old Manila domestic airport,
already run at full capacity. There will be a need for terminal expansion, he said. We
are already at the edge of the cliff. It will worsen once (Tourism) Secretary (Ramon)
Jimenez brings in more tourists, he added.

The tourism department wants to increase the number of international tourists to

the Philippines to 10 million by 2016, up from just three million at the start of the Aquino
administration in 2010.

The plan to move Naia to Clark has been around for nearly two decades since
former President Ramos issued EO 174 in 1994 to designate the former US military base
as the future site of the countrys premier international gateway.

However, International Air Transport Authority (IATA) officials, in a recent visit

to Manila, asked President Aquino to reconsider plans to move the countrys biggest
airport to Clark.

The group representing the worlds top airlines likewise said the governments
plan to build a multibillion-dollar high-speed railway system to bridge the 80-kilometer
distance between Manila and Clark might be too expensive for a developing nation like
the Philippines.

Another problem the government needed to address, Abaya said, was the presence of
a bird sanctuary at a small mangrove forest in Las Pias, just a few hundred meters away
from NAIAs runways. (Philippine Daily Inquirer2012)

15
4.4 METHODOLOGY

Literature review is an important part to carry out in the study because it provides
background information needed to understand the study being conducted before the
actual design occurs. For this project, the main sources of information and data are from
the Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC) and Clark International
Airport Corporation.

Site visit is rather important to help us understand the actual condition on site. The
site visit was approved by the Department of Transportation and Communication
(DOTC). Further details and explanations about the site were given after the site visit by
the same office.

Data Analysis encompasses evaluating information and data that was obtained
from DOTC with the aid of the NSCP 2010 and the National Building Code of the
Philippines. The purpose is to rearrange the relevant and useful data, sorted and organized
in such ways to simplify data analysis.

A conclusion will be drawn after all the methodology and the design proper has
been done. This project is expected to be feasible since a study has already been made.

16
4.5 FLOW CHART

Conceptualizing Project
Finalization of Location of Objectives Benefeciary
Project Title Project

Study of the Project

Environmental Ocular Visit Social and Political
Examination Review

Environmental Examination Report

Setting and Receiving EIA and Mitigation Management Plan
Environment

Obtaining Suffiient Research and Data

Efficient indigenous Natural Lightning Port terminal
construction materials system passenger flow

Detailed Engineering Design

Loads and Codes Superstructure Design Substructure Design

17
4.6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The Master Plan for the building project is sited at a 4,400-hectare (10,868-acre)
main zone and 27,600-hectare (68,172-acre) sub zone that the government plans to
transform into an airport. It is set in Clark Freeport Zone which is a redevelopment of the
former Clark Air Base, a former United States Air Force base in the Philippines. The
effectiveness of airport passenger terminals is a key to promoting tourism in the country.

Air transport has played an important role in every countrys commercial and
economical success. Therefore the overall aim of the Airport Authority has been to
develop an airport that will serve the 21st century's needs but at the same time still have
more rooms for future developments. There is a relatively large increase of passengers
throughout airports. In line with this, the passenger terminal becomes a more important
element of the airport, attaining a dominant status in the largest facilities.

As part of the Philippine governments overall effort to modernize its airport

infrastructure, the creation of this new Integrated Passenger Terminal marks an important
milestone at this International Airport. With increased domestic traffic demands, as well as
the need to service international markets, the existing terminal was deemed to be obsolete
and the decision made to create a new terminal considering that the Ninoy Aquino
International Airport has already reached its limit in terms of passengers capacity.

We chose to make a two-storey extension of the Clark International Airport using

the main building as our basis and as per according to our clients request. The building
will be situated in a very sophisticated but efficient design to give way for future
developments in the said airport since there is a hefty increase of passengers in the airport
on an annual basis.

18
CHAPTER 5: DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN
5.1 FORECASTING NUMBER OF PASSENGERS

Introduction

The forecasted number of passengers in the passenger terminal is also used by the
airport authorities. The data gathered below will be used in determining the needed floor
area of the terminal building to be constructed.

ACTUAL YEARLY STATISTICS DATA

(Operations Data Passenger Count)

19
 (Projected passenger count, 2014-2020)

YEAR DOMESTIC INTERNATIONAL TOTAL

2014
712519 2407931 3120450

2015
1097279 3708214 4805492

2016
1689810 5710649 7400458

2017
2602307 8794399 11396705

2018
4007553 13543373 17550926

2019
6171631 20856795 27028425

2020
9504311 32119464 41623775

AVERAGE TOTAL 16132319

20
 COMPUTATION AIRPORT TRAFFIC PROJECTION

1. Growth Rate Method

= (1 + )

P = First Year figure (figures from base year)

r = Average growth rate per year = 54%

n = period of time

Base Year used: 2012

Total Passengers: 1,315,757

(For year 2020) 20202012

= (1315757 + 0.54)
= 41623775

21
 AIRCRAFT MOVEMENT

(Operations Data)

YEAR DOMESTIC INTERNATIONAL G. AVIATION TOTAL

2005 728 2,157 4,968 7,853

2006 716 4,053 4,331 9,100

2007 1,162 3,954 3,455 8,571

2008 1,146 4,070 3,922 9,138

2009 1,114 5,141 3,984 10,239

2010 744 5,332 5,401 11,477

2011 609 6,971 6,412 13,992

2012 3,501 9,313 15,211 28,025

2013 1,080 4,492 275 5,847

22
23
 Due to congestion in the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) or also
known as Manila International Airport, two options for the airport roadmap will be
presented to President Benigno Aquino III. The options differ insofar as the fate of NAIA
is concerned. One will entail the closure of the Manila airport by 2030, which will mean
that the new airport should serve 78% of passenger volume. The Clark International
Airport (CIA) in Pampanga, which has also been eyed as an alternative to NAIA, will
handle the remaining 22%. The other option, meanwhile, will allow NAIA to co-exist
with CIA and the new airport "up to 2040 and beyond. Rappler.com

Our client, the Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC) has

provided us a data for NAIAs actual passenger count for year 20

T1 T2 T3 T4 TOTAL
International 8,105,782 3,645,209 2,388,944 - 14,139,935
Domestic - 4,141,600 11,256,491 2,340,909 17,739,000
Total 8,105,782 7,786,809 13,645,435 2,340,909 31,878,935

Considering 22% of flight diversion from NAIA to CIA,

= 31,878,935 22% = 7013365.7

24
 (Projected passenger count, 2014-2020)

YEAR TOTAL TOTAL + 22%

2014
3120450 4719497

2015
4805492 6404539

2016
7400458 8999505

2017
11396705 12995752

2018
17550926 19149973

2019
27028425 28627472

2020
41623775 43222822

25
 7,000,000 35,000

43,222,822 216,115

Clark International Airport currently has two parallel runways, they are
eyeing to add an additional runway parallel to the other first two runways it will be
extended to a length of 4000 sq. meters and a width of 60 meters to accommodate new
generation wide-bodied aircraft.
Note: Having a 1 Storey Passenger Terminal Building (PTB) using 2020 as base year.The
floor will be allotted from the computed area with the passenger terminal, bathroom,
lobby and for commercial spaces.The total area of the Passenger Terminal Building
(PTB) = 16,115 sq. meters

26
5.3 LOADS AND CODES

5.3.1 Introduction

The structural codes used in the structural design of an Integrated Port Passenger
Terminal Building structure conform to the National Structural Code of the Philippines
2010 for Volume 1: For Building and other Vertical Structures and to American Concrete
Institute Code for Buildings. All values used in the design are found in NSCP 2010:
Minimum Design Loads. The considered major loads are the Seismic, Wind, Dead and
Live loads.

5.3.2 Dead Load

Typical Second to Third Floor Dead Load

Component Load (KPa)

Masonry (150 mm plastered on both 3.11

sides) External

Slab Weight (100mm thick) 2.36

Masonry (100mm plastered on both sides) 1.98

Internal

Floor Finish (Ceramic or Quarry Tile 20mm) 1.10

Mechanical 0.2

Electrical 0.1

27
5.3.3 Live Load

Location Load (KPa)

Hallways 4.8

Waiting Areas 4.8

Roofing 0.75

5.3.4 Seismic Considerations (1997 UBC Seismic Loading x and y direction)

Ct = 0.035
Overstrength Factor, R = 8.5
Soil Profile Type = Sc
Seismic Zone Factor, Z = 0.4
Ca = 0.432
Cv = 1.536
Seismic Source Type = B
Distance to Source = 10km
Na = 1.00
Nv = 1.00
Importance Factor I = 1.0 (Standard Occupancy Structure)

28
5.3.5 Wind Considerations

The design shall conform to the NSCP Zone Classification Basic Wind Speed:
Zone 2 Batangas

Category III
V = 200 kph = 125 mph
Closed Building
Damping Ratio = 0.012
Natural Frequency = 6.7 Hz

Load Combinations
U = 1.4D
U = 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.8W
U = 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5Lr
U = 1.2D + 1.6W + 1.0L + 0.5Lr
U = 1.2D + 0.5CaID + 1.0E + 1.0L
U = 0.9D + 1.6W
U = 0.9D + 0.5CaID + 1.0E

Where:
D = dead load
L = live load
E = load effects of earthquake
W = wind load
Lr = roof live load

5.4 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

Introduction

The Structural Design of the 3-storey port passenger terminal building structure
has been done using Design Softwares. For the design of Reinforced Concrete Beams
and Columns, STAAD was used. On the other hand, for the design of Foundation
Footings, MIDAS was used. Design for slabs is computed through manual analysis
with the aid of Microsoft Excel. The analysis of calculation and results of these
designs are shown below

29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
Girder Design

Column Design

46
47
48
49
50
51
Purlins Design
Fy, Purlins= 170 Mpa

Fy, Angle bars= 248 Mpa

Loading Computation

Span of Truss= 50 m
Bay Distance= 7 m
Height of Truss= 2.7 m
Height of Structure= 8 m
Dead Load= 0.12 kPa x2.273

Dead Load= 0.27276 kN/m

Roof Live Load:

Tributary Area= 50x7

350 sq.m
Inclination angle= 6.164052442 degrees
Roof Live Load= 0.6 kPa x2.273
Roof Live Load= 1.3638 kN/m
Assume SW Purlins= 0.109 kN/m

Total Gravity Load= 1.746 kN/m

Wind Load

Zone 2, V= 200 kPh

Wind Load= cxq
Windward, c = 1.3sin(6.165) - 0.5
-
c= 0.654506642
Leeward, c = -0.5
q= 1.436 kPa
Windload= -0.654 x 1.436 x 2.273
-
Windload= 2.136328007 kN/m (suction)
Use DL + RLL: 1.746 kN/m

52
Design of Purlins
Wx= 1.746 x cos(6.164)= 1.735905549 kN/m
Wy= 1.746 x sin(6.164)= 0.187477799 kN/m
Fbx= 0.66 x 170= 112.2 Mpa
Fby= 0.75 x 170= 127.5 Mpa
Check: fbx/Fbx + fby/Fby < 1

USE: LC
300x75x20x3
Purlin Property:
Sx= 116.96 x10^3
Sy= 15.34 x10^3
Wt= 11.01 kg/m
fbx= WxL^2/8 = 90.90647646

Sx
fby= wyLl^2/32 = 18.71417081
Sy
+

90.91/112.2 18.72/127.5= 0.96 OK!

Sagrod Design:

Tsag = 5/8(WyL) = 0.820215372 kN

Tsag gross= 0.83 x 12= 9.842584462 kN
Fc = 0.6 x 248 = 148.8 Mpa
fc = P/A
=
148.8 9.9x10^3
pi/4 x d^2
d= 9.177157154 ;use 10 mm dia bars

53
Tie rod Design:
Tsagmax= Ttiecos
Ttie= 9.9/cos(6.2)
Ttie= 9.89982 kN
=
148.8 9.9x10^3
pi/4 x d^2
d= 9.203801484 ;use 10 mm dia bars

Tributary Area
Slope 0 20 60
18.4 1 0.75 0.6
45 0.75 0.7 0.6

54
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING (MAJOR)
The Philippines has been facing several issues today regarding transportation.
Some of which are the technical problems that the metro rail transit is facing, the traffic
congestion due to the abundance of the amount of cargo trucks going in and out of the
metro and many more. We have already stated in this paper that due to the congestion of
the Ninoy Aquino International Airport, which is considered as the main gateway of our
country, the Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC) has made a study
to make the Clark International Airport as a second main gateway for air transport. Our
beneficiary (DOTC) has said in an interview that in 2015 they will no longer be able to
fully accommodate the increasing number of passengers in the Ninoy Aquino
International Airport.

Transportation is a non-separable part of any society. It exhibits a very close

relation to the style of life, the range and location of activities and the goods and services,
which will be available for consumption. Advances in transportation has made possible
changes in the way of living and the way in which societies are organized and therefore
have a great influence in the development of civilizations. This chapter conveys an
understanding of the importance of transportation in the modern society by presenting
selected characteristics of existing transportation systems, their use and relationships to
other human activities. Transportation is responsible for the development of civilizations
from very old times by meeting travel requirement of people and transport requirement of
goods. Such movement has changed the way people live and travel. In developed and
developing nations, a large fraction of people travel daily for work, shopping and social
reasons. But transport also consumes a lot of resources like time, fuel, materials and land.

Economics involves production, distribution and consumption of goods and

services. People depend upon the natural resources to satisfy the needs of life but due to
non-uniform surface of earth and due to dierence in local resources, there is a lot of
dierence in standard of living in dierent societies. So there is an immense requirement
of transport of resources from one particular society to other. These resources can range
from material things to knowledge and skills like movement of doctors and technicians to
the places where there is need of them.

Transportation has always played an essential role in the development of society,

originally with regard to trade routes and harbors, but more recently with regard to land-
and air-based systems as well. It is the transportation engineer's responsibility to plan,
design, build, operate and maintain these systems of transport, in such a way as to
provide for the safe, efficient and convenient movement of people and goods. Increasing
environmental concerns have revived an interest in the development and management of
public transportation systems.

55
 Professional activities can range from road and transit design and operation at the
urban scale, to railroad, seaway and airport location, construction and operation at the
regional and national scale. Transportation engineering in North America focuses on
automobile infrastructures, although it also encompasses sea, air and rail systems.
Automobile infrastructures can be split into the traditional area of highway design and
planning, and the rapidly growing area of traffic control systems. The transportation
engineer faces the challenge of developing both network links and major terminals to
satisfy transportation demands, with due regard for the resultant land-use, environmental
and other impacts of these facilities.

The planning aspects of transport engineering relate to urban planning, and involve
technical forecasting decisions and political factors. Technical forecasting of passenger travel
usually involves an urban transportation planning model, requiring the estimation of trip
generation how many trips for what purpose, trip distribution destination choice, where is the
traveler going), mode choice what mode is being taken, and route assignment which streets or
routes are being used). More sophisticated forecasting can include other aspects of traveler
decisions, including auto ownership, trip chaining the decision to link individual trips
together in a tour) and the choice of residential or business location known island. Passenger
trips are the focus of transport engineering because they often represent the peak of demand
on any transportation system.

A review of descriptions of the scope of various committees indicates that while

facility planning and design continue to be the core of the transportation engineering
field, such areas as operations planning, logistics, network analysis, financing, and policy
analysis are also important to civil engineers, particularly to those working in highway
and urban transportation.

Transportation engineering, as practiced by civil engineers, primarily involves

planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of transportation facilities. The
facilities support air, highway, railroad, pipeline, water, and even space transportation. The
design aspects of transport engineering include the sizing of transportation facilities,
determining the materials and thickness used in pavement designing the geometry vertical
and horizontal alignment of the roadway. Before any planning occurs the Engineer must take
what is known as an inventory of the area or if it is appropriate, the previous system in place.
This inventory or database must include information on population, land use, economic
activity, transportation facilities and services, travel patterns and volumes, laws and
ordinances, regional financial resources, community values and expectations.

56
 Transport engineers plan, design and operate the large public and private
infrastructure systems that connect our physical world. We need a broad range of
continually evolving, large-scale transport infrastructure, including road, rail, air and
water. Transport engineers quantify and optimize our mobility infrastructure networks to
meet travel and freight demands, while ensuring safety, equity and sustainability, at
minimal levels of congestion and cost.

Transport engineering has always been one of the essential civil engineering
disciplines, impacting roadways, bridges, transit stations, airports and sea ports etc.
Transport engineering has now developed into a multidisciplinary field spanning
economics, politics, sociology and psychology, in addition to its core mathematical,
engineering and computational principles.

Transportation engineers are involved with the safe and efficient movement of both
people and goods. They design and maintain all types of transportation facilities, including
highways and streets, mass transit systems, railroads, airfields, ports, and harbors.

Transportation engineers apply technological knowledge as well as an

understanding of the economic, political, and social factors in their projects. They must
work directly with urban planners because the quality of a community is directly related
to the quality of the transportation system.

In this study, we have forecasted the number of passengers six years from now.
We have based the design and capacity of the extension of Clark International Airport
from the forecasted number of passengers until year 2020. We also considered the amount
of traffic that the newly extended airport will cause to the province of Pampanga since
this will attract many commuters from all over the country.

The Department of Transportation and Communication also considered the traffic

congestion in Manila that is why they chose the Clark International Airport since it is not that
far from Manila. They are also making plans of building a railroad from the said airport to
Manila, which we would all be looking an eye on. Transportation Engineering is an important
aspect in Civil Engineering, which should not be overlooked. The transportation and ease and
advancement in a country could tell how successful their economy is.

57
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (MINOR)
The public environmental awareness is increasing throughout the world. In
the Philippines, Promotion of environmental awareness to the public is very few compare
in other first-world foreign countries. Environmental engineering plays a vital role in
maintaining the quality of both human environmental systems and the natural
environment. It covers the scientific assessment and development of engineering
solutions to environmental problems impacting the biosphere land, water, and air quality.
These environmental issues affect almost all commercial and industrial sectors and are
central concern for the public, for all levels of government and in international relations.
These issues include wastewater processing, solid and hazardous waste disposal. Safe
drinking water, outdoor air pollution, indoor air pollution and transfer of infectious
diseases, human health and ecological risk management, prevention of pollution through
product or process design, and renewable and sustainable energy sources.

Economics involves production, distribution and consumption of goods and

services. People depend upon the natural resources to satisfy the needs of life but due to
non uniform surface of earth and due to dierence in local resources, there is a lot of
dierence in standard of living in dierent societies. So there is an immense requirement
of transport of resources from one particular society to other. These resources can range
from material things to knowledge and skills like movement of doctors and technicians to
the places where there is need of them.

Throughout history humans have both affected, and been affected by, the natural
world. While a good deal has been lost due to human actions, much of what is valued
about the environment has been preserved and protected through human action. While
many uncertainties remain, there is a realization that environmental problems are
becoming more and more complex, especially as issues arise on a more global level, such
as that of atmospheric pollution or global warming.

Interactions between human society and the environment are constantly changing.
The environment, while highly valued by most, is used and altered by a wide variety of
people with many different interests and values. Difficulties remain on how best to ensure
the protection of our environment and natural resources. There will always be tradeoffs
and, many times, unanticipated or unintended consequences. However, a well-managed
environment can provide goods and services that are both essential for our well-being as
well as for continued economic prosperity.

58
 Solid waste management is the collection, transport, processing or disposal,
managing, and monitoring of solid waste materials. The term usually relates to materials
produced by direct or indirect human activity, and the process is generally undertaken to
reduce their effect on health, the environment, or aesthetics. Waste management is a
distinct practice from resource recovery, which focuses on delaying the rate of
consumption of natural resources. The management of wastes treats all materials as a
single class, whether solid, liquid, gaseous, or radioactive substances, and the objective is
to reduce the harmful environmental impacts of each through different methods.

Scientists have air pollution dispersion models to evaluate the concentration of a

pollutant at a receptor or the impact on overall air quality from vehicle exhausts and
industrial flue gas stack emissions. To some extent, this field overlaps the desire to
decrease carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions from combustion processes.
They apply scientific and engineering principles to evaluate if there are likely to be any
adverse impacts to water quality, air quality, habitat quality, flora and fauna, agricultural
capacity, traffic impacts, social impacts, ecological impacts, noise impacts, visual
(landscape) impacts, etc. If impacts are expected, they then develop mitigation measures
to limit or prevent such impacts. An example of a mitigation measure would be the
creation of wetlands in a nearby location to mitigate the filling in of wetlands necessary
for a road development if it is not possible to reroute the road.

Engineers and scientists work to secure water supplies for potable and agricultural
use. They evaluate the water balance within a watershed and determine the available
water supply, the water needed for various needs in that watershed, the seasonal cycles of
water movement through the watershed and they develop systems to store, treat, and
convey water for various uses. Water is treated to achieve water quality objectives for the
end uses. In the case of a potable water supply, water is treated to minimize the risk of
infectious disease transmission, the risk of non-infectious illness, and to create a palatable
water flavor. Water distribution systems are designed and built to provide adequate water
pressure and flow rates to meet various end-user needs such as domestic use, fire
suppression, and irrigation.

There are numerous wastewater treatment technologies. A wastewater treatment

train can consist of a primary clarifier system to remove solid and floating materials, a
secondary treatment system consisting of an aeration basin followed by flocculation and
sedimentation or an activated sludge system and a secondary clarifier, a tertiary
biological nitrogen removal system, and a final disinfection process. The aeration
basin/activated sludge system removes organic material by growing bacteria (activated
sludge). The secondary clarifier removes the activated sludge from the water.

59
 Environmental engineers are concerned with protecting the environment by
assessing the impact a project has on the air, water, soil and noise levels in its vicinity.
This is done by studying the project's design, construction and operation, and minimising
any adverse effects that it may have on the environment.

Environmental engineers are also involved in removing problems caused by past

activity, such as cleaning contaminated industrial land so it can be used for housing. They
predict what problems may be caused by accidents, such as oil spills for example, and
assess what may cause problems for the environment in the long term.

They also plan and design equipment and processes for the treatment and safe
disposal of waste material and direct the conservation and wise use of natural resources.
They are involved in research and development of alternative energy sources, water
reclamation, waste treatment and recycling. Environmental engineers may work with
government departments or in the private sector with resource processing companies as
consulting engineers.

In our thesis, we considered some of these issues in designing our structural

facility. Issues like wastewater management, green building, noise management, etc. The
noise produced during the construction would affect those surrounding the construction
site. To lessen the impact of the noise to the existing building, immediate measures would
be taken. Ensuring that the machines and equipment used for the construction are
working properly and in good condition would help in the process. In addition, limiting
the working hours to a designated schedule provides time allowance for both the
construction process and the operation of the propose building

60
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING (MINOR)
The extension of the passenger terminal of Clark International Airport will be
constructed for international and domestic travelers to accommodate the rapidly increasing
demand for air travel as well as to improve the quality, convenience and safety of air travel.

Structural engineers are responsible for engineering design and analysis. Entry-level
structural engineers may design the individual structural elements of a structure, for example
the beams, columns, and floors of a building. More experienced engineers may be
responsible for the structural design and integrity of an entire system, such as a building.

Structural engineers often specialize in particular fields, such as bridge

engineering, building engineering, pipeline engineering, industrial structures, or special
mechanical structures such as vehicles, ships or aircraft. In a nutshell, if a structure was a
human body then the architect would be concerned with the body shape and appearance,
and the structural engineer would be concerned with the skeleton and sinews.

Structural engineers are a key part of the design and construction team, working
alongside civil engineers and architects. Together they create all kinds of structures from
houses, theatres, sports stadia and hospitals to bridges, oilrigs and space satellites. Every
structure has to deal with the conditions in which it is built. Houses in Switzerland and
Canada will need a very strong roof structure to deal with continuous snow and ice loads.
Bridges all around the world will need to carry different kinds of crossing loads, be that
people, cars or even high speed trains. It is a structural engineer's job to consider all the
possible factors.

Structural engineers make a difference and shape the built environment. They are
people who enjoy a challenge, responsibility and the excitement of an innovative and
varied career. Structural engineering presents both creative and technical challenges and
requires excellent problem solving skills. Structural engineers are important: everything
we do, every day is because of a structural engineer's work.

61
 A structural engineer will typically have a four or five year undergraduate degree,
followed by a minimum of three years of professional practice before being considered
fully qualified. Structural engineers are licensed or accredited by different learned
societies and regulatory bodies around the world. Depending on the degree course they
have studied and/or the jurisdiction they are seeking licensure in, they may be accredited
or licensed as just structural engineers, or as civil engineers, or as both civil and structural
engineers. Another international organization is IABSE (International Association for
Bridge and Structural Engineering). The aim of that association is to exchange knowledge
and to advance the practice of structural engineering worldwide in the service of the
profession and society.

Structural building engineering includes all structural engineering related to the

design of buildings. It is the branch of structural engineering that is close to architecture.
Structural building engineering is primarily driven by the creative manipulation of
materials and forms and the underlying mathematical and scientific ideas to achieve an
end which fulfills its functional requirements and is structurally safe when subjected to
all the loads it could reasonably be expected to experience. This is subtly different from
architectural design, which is driven by the creative manipulation of materials and forms,
mass, space, volume, texture and light to achieve an end which is aesthetic, functional
and often artistic.

The architect is usually the lead designer on buildings, with a structural engineer
employed as a sub-consultant. The degree to which each discipline actually leads the
design depends heavily on the type of structure. Many structures are structurally simple
and led by architecture, such as multi-story office buildings and housing, while other
structures, such as tensile structures, shells and grid shells are heavily dependent on their
form for their strength, and the engineer may have a more significant influence on the
form, and hence much of the aesthetic, than the architect.

The structural design for a building must ensure that the building is able to stand
up safely, able to function without excessive deflections or movements, which may cause
fatigue of structural elements, cracking or failure of fixtures, fittings or partitions, or
discomfort for occupants. It must account for movements and forces due to temperature,
creep, cracking and imposed loads. It must also ensure that the design is practically
buildable within acceptable manufacturing tolerances of the materials. It must allow the
architecture to work, and the building services to fit within the building and function air
conditioning, ventilation, smoke extract, electrics, lighting etc. The structural design of a
modern building can be extremely complex, and often requires a large team to complete.
Another international organization is IABSE (International Association for Bridge and
Structural Engineering). The aim of that association is to exchange knowledge and to
advance the practice of structural engineering worldwide in the service of the profession
and society.

62
 Structural building engineering includes all structural engineering related to the
design of buildings. It is the branch of structural engineering that is close to architecture.
Structural building engineering is primarily driven by the creative manipulation of
materials and forms and the underlying mathematical and scientific ideas to achieve an
end which fulfills its functional requirements and is structurally safe when subjected to
all the loads it could reasonably be expected to experience. This is subtly different from
architectural design, which is driven by the creative manipulation of materials and forms,
mass, space, volume, texture and light to achieve an end which is aesthetic, functional
and often artistic.

The architect is usually the lead designer on buildings, with a structural engineer
employed as a sub-consultant. The degree to which each discipline actually leads the
design depends heavily on the type of structure. Many structures are structurally simple
and led by architecture, such as multi-story office buildings and housing, while other
structures, such as tensile structures, shells and grid shells are heavily dependent on their
form for their strength, and the engineer may have a more significant influence on the
form, and hence much of the aesthetic, than the architect.

The structural design for a building must ensure that the building is able to stand
up safely, able to function without excessive deflections or movements, which may cause
fatigue of structural elements, cracking or failure of fixtures, fittings or partitions, or
discomfort for occupants. It must account for movements and forces due to temperature,
creep, cracking and imposed loads. It must also ensure that the design is practically
buildable within acceptable manufacturing tolerances of the materials. It must allow the
architecture to work, and the building services to fit within the building and function air
conditioning, ventilation, smoke extract, electrics, lighting etc. The structural design of a
modern building can be extremely complex, and often requires a large team to complete.

63
CHAPTER 6: PROMOTIONAL MATERIAL

(OUTSIDE AESTHETICS OF THE AIRPORT)

64
Walkthrough

65
66
67
68
CHAPTER 7: BUDGET ESTIMATION

Budget estimate is the approximation of the cost the project. The costs of a
constructed facility to the owner include both the initial capital cost and the subsequent
operation and maintenance costs. The magnitude of each of these cost components
depends on the nature, size and location of the project as well as the management
organization, among many considerations. The owner is interested in achieving the
lowest possible overall project cost that is consistent with its investment objectives.

The design and construction of Clark International Airport has a budget estimate
amounting to a total of 128 million pesos or 128,522,960.66 pesos to be exact. This value
was obtained in consideration to the following items; general requirements, earthworks,
concrete works, rebar works, formworks, masonry works, painting works, architectural
works, plumbing works, electrical works, sanitary works, special steel sections and
miscellaneous.

The miscellaneous covers a big part in our budget estimate that totals to a lump
sum of 45 million pesos or 45,651,406.25 pesos to be exact. This amount was computed
by summing up the costs of various materials needed by our client, Department of
Transportation and Communication (DOTC), such as pumps, 5 units of solar battery
panel, 6500 square meters of glass walls, alarm systems or CCTV cameras, water tanks,
58 air conditioning units, and etc.

The construction cost has a total of 91 million pesos or 91,073,526.54 pesos. This
covers the biggest part in our budget estimate as seen on our budget summary. On the
other hand, the electrical works costs the least as shown on our budget estimate summary
amounting to a total of only 81,000 pesos.

In the civil engineering profession safety is one of the main priorities that should
be taken into consideration, next to this is the efficiency of the structure. Amongst this, it
is also very important to stick to the budget of the client, so it is a goal of a civil engineer
or an estimator to be exact to be able to finish a construction project in lieu to the clients
budget using the most economical material of the project but still putting the safety as the
topmost priority and thus following the National Structural Code of the Philippines.

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SUMMARY

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GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

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EARTHWORKS

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FORMWORKS

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MASONRY

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ARCHITECTURAL WORKS

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ARCHITECTURAL WORKS

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PAINTING WORKS

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MISCELLANEOUS

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MISCELLANEOUS

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CONCRETE WORKS

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CONCRETE WORKS

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REBAR CASTING

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CHAPTER 8: PROJECT SCHEDULE
Project management is the process and activity of planning, organizing,
motivating, and controlling resources, procedures and protocols to achieve specific goals
in scientific or daily problems. In project management, a schedule is a listing of a
project's milestones, activities, and deliverables, usually with intended start and finish
dates. Those items are often estimated in terms of resource allocation, budget and
duration, linked by dependencies and scheduled events. A schedule is commonly used in
project planning and project portfolio management parts of project management.

The project schedule is very important in keeping track of the construction

progress. This shows the daily, weekly, monthly or even annual progress of the project. In
the design and development of Clark International Airport, the project schedule if very
important since this is a government project and not only that, but also a mass
transportation project, so time and scheduling is a very important matter to be considered.

With the aid of the Microsoft Project software or the MS project, we are able to
come up with a project schedule of a three-year construction project. Starting off with
mobilization that will take place for about a month to the installation of ceiling on toilets
nd
and offices at the year 2017. The said project is scheduled to finish at the 22 of August
year 2017.

Initially, the project scope is defined and the appropriate methods for completing
the project are determined. Following this step, the durations for the various tasks
necessary to complete the work are listed and grouped into a work breakdown structure.
The importance of a project schedule in a construction project should never be neglected
because without this numerous unnecessary costs could not be prevented and that the
project would surely not be able to finish on time.

We have scheduled the activities needed for the development of Clark

International Airport with utmost convenience to our passengers since the said airport is
currently of use to some flights and also due to the clients request.

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CHAPTER 9: CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY

Under the extension of passenger terminal construction project in Clark

International Airport, a passenger terminal building will be stretched and constructed for
international and domestic travelers, accommodating the rapidly increasing demand for
air travel as well as improving the convenience and safety of air travel. This will also
promote economic growth in the Philippines and strengthen the capacity for the country
to compete internationally.

The projected area for the passenger terminal is 12,405 square meters that would
be more than enough to accommodate 9481029 passengers that is forecasted for the year
2020.

The green building concept is also a very important factor that is considered in
this paper. The sustainability and innovative approach by energy saving, efficient lighting
system and which uses sunlight as primary source in generating power for the proposed
structures consumption will be installed. It would also be a green building by using
technologies such as solar panels for energy saving which uses sunlight as primary
source in generating power and a green roofing is also proposed for the project.

86
CHAPTER 10: RECOMMENDATIONS
The awareness of the project entitled Design and Development of Passenger
Terminal Extension of Clark International Airport is strongly recommended to the
officials of the Department of Transportation and Communications of who is the
beneficiary of this project.

The group recommends to the officials to review our extension site development
plan because we just conceptualized it based on the plans of other passenger terminals.
They can modify it and put some other facilities needed for the airports operations.

The group also recommends that the Green building engineering of the building must
be establish well and must be consulted to an Environmental Engineer. The design must be
carefully done considering that the building operation must not affect the environment.
The welfare of the environment must be given the utmost consideration.

The type of structure of the extension Passenger Terminal Building is to be highly

deliberated when it comes to service, safety and security. The PTB is a kind of
building that many people will be using for transportation on a daily or regular basis.
The design of the structure must be given due focus, not just the architectural aspect,
but more importantly, its structural component.

If in case this project is accepted and adopted by the beneficiary, the researchers
recommend Value Engineering. The values and data obtained in this project have been
carefully calculated using the standard procedure in designing. Economic considerations
are yet to be applied. The group recommends for the PPA to have the estimation of the
implementation of the site development for it is not the focus scope of this study.

This study presents how aspiring Civil Engineers of Mapua Institute of

Technology address the need of expansion of Clark International Airport in their plan
of having a modern Passenger Terminal Building. In this way we can help the said port
to improve their operation and level of service.

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CHAPTER 11: Acknowledgement

First and foremost, we would like to thank the Almighty God for his grace and mercy
throughout this study. It is by his help that we are able to make this proposal a success within
the study period. We would like to emphasize on thanking him for keeping us safe from harm
wherever we go for the completion of this thesis project proposal.

Second, we would like to express our sincerest appreciation and gratitude to our
thesis adviser, Engr. Geoffrey L. Cueto for his enthusiastic effort and concern. Without
his continued support, interest and guidance in this thesis. It would not have been the
same as presented here.

We would also like to thank the Department of Transportation and

Communication (DOTC) especially Atty. Jaime Raphael C. Feliciano (Assistant
Secretary in Planning) and all the staff for their cooperation and experience shared.

Last but not the least, we are grateful for our family and friends for their support
and encouragement.

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CHAPTER 12: REFERENCES

Data obtained from our client (DOTC)

http://crk.clarkairport.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/clark_international _airport
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/tag/clark-international-airport
http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_rpt_024v1.pdf
http://clacsec.lima.icao.int/reunions/2007.seminario-
chile/presentaciones/PRO7.pdf
http://ww.mit.edu/people/joakim/karlsson_IJAASVoI2Np1Aug2002.pdf
NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

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APPENDICES

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ARTICLE TYPE PAPER

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Design and Development of Passenger Terminal Extension of
Clark International Airport

Joseph G. Aceas, Waiben Jenin T. Garcia, Engr. Geoffrey L Cueto

MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY School of Civil,

Environmental and Geological Engineering March 2014

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CEGE Journal
ISBN_____________

Abstract

The researchers were motivated to create this paper in order to address the having
demand of airport passengers in the Philippines. The quantities of passengers are
increasing every year but the capacity of the (NAIA) remains as it is since its land area
could no longer be expanded. The researchers also want to support the government's push
to the Philippine tourism considering the fact that the Philippine airport was ranked as
one or the worst airports in the world according to surveys. The application of greed
engineering in this project is also one of the many reasons why the researchers were
motivated to push thru with this project since the environment should always be put into
consideration. Under the extension of passenger terminal construction project in Clark
International Airport, a passenger terminal building will he stretched and constructed for
international and domestic travelers, accommodating the rapidly increasing traffic
demand for air travel as well as improving the convenience and safety of air travel. This
will also promote economic growth in the Philippines and strengthen the capacity for the
country to compete internationally.

Keywords: Green Engineering, Traffic Demand

Acronyms/Abbreviations
CIA Clark International Airport
CIAC Clark International Airport Corporation
DOTC Department of Transportation and Communication
NAIA Ninoy Aquino International Airport
NSCP National Structural Code of the Philippines

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CEGE Journal
ISBN_____________

The project ( CIark International Airport Extension ) will help the congested area
expanded NAIA( Ninoy Aquino International Airport ) to accommodate the air effectively
and efficiently especially in all parts of Luzon. With this expansion project, the researchers
were given the opportunity to provide a design of an Integrated Port Passenger Terminal
Building in the Clark International Airport for the accommodation of the passengers of the
said airport. Moreover, the project would also provide additional functional facilities for the
passengers' necessities and comfort like waiting areas, rest rooms, cafeterias and security
personnel. The proposed infrastructure will stand on a side of the receiving portion of the
existing terminal. Furthermore, this project will utilize indigenous construction materials
manufactured in Pampanga. The design of the building would follow the specifications of a
"Green Building. Energy saving, efficient lighting system, which uses sunlight as primary
source in generating power for the proposed structure's consumption will be installed. This
project hopes to help the authorities to improve the quality of their service and to alleviate the
growing demand of the passengers by expanding the facilities.

The Clark International Airport Corporation fully commits to provide quality

management of airport infrastructure and services in order to realize our vision as world-
class airport of the Philippines by 2020; the secondary airport of choice by 2017, and a
[1]
competitive aviation services in the Asia Pacific Region by 2015.

The Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC) is being urged to

consider the twin airports solution or the coexistence and improvement of the Clark
International Airport (CIA) and the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) as the
country seeks to expand its tourism industry.

NAIA, the main gateway to the Philippines, is the 34th busiest airport in the world.
Its runway is congested and some of its terminal buildings are already bursting at the seams.
[3]
[2] NAIA terminal I is one of the worst airports in the world.

[1] This is the motto set by the CIAC aiming to deliver good service to the airport may
they be tourists or Filipinos.
[2] According to Wikipedia.com
[3] International travel website Frommer's included Terminal 1 in their list of 10 worst
airport terminals.

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CEGE Journal
ISBN_____________

With this project, the tourism in the Philippines is expected to surge high and that
this project is also considered a highly feasible project according to the studies conducted
by the Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC).

We'll look at where the Philippine economy going in the next five to twenty years,
to support the government's push to tourism and expand the international airport in
[4]
preparation for the influx of foreign tourists. Aircraft movements - defined as takeoffs
and landings - at Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) went up to 255,000 in 2011
from 171,000 in 2006. At the same time, the fleet of commercial airlines using NAIA
doubled to 119 from only 62 in 2008. These aircraft serviced 30 million passengers last
[5]
year, up from 18 million in 2006.

In structural design, the emphasis is set upon the compliance of the design inputs
and outputs to the existing structural codes and building codes. Safety and green
engineering are the design norms aimed in this project. The structure should be able to
withstand any kind of calamity to ensure the safety of the passengers and we should
guarantee that our design pass the factor of safety. For green engineering, reduction of
environment impact of the project must he taken into account. The building must be
environment-friendly.

The Master Plan for the building project is sited at a 4,400-hcctare (10,868-acre)
main zone and 27,600-hectare (68,172-acre) sub zone that the government plans to
transform into an airport. It is set in Clark Freeport Zone, which is a redevelopment of the
former Clark Air Base, a former United States Air Force base in the Philippines. The
effectiveness of airport passenger terminals is a key to promoting tourism in the country.
Air transport has played an important role in every country's commercial and economical
success. Therefore the overall aim of the Airport Authority has been to develop an airport
that will serve the let century's needs but at the same time still have more rooms for
future developments.

[4] According to DOTC secretary Joseph Abaya in an interview by Philippine Inquirer

[5] A data given by the Department of Transportation and Communication.

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CEGE Journal
ISBN_____________

CONCLUSION
Under the extension of passenger terminal construction project in Clark
International Airport, a passenger terminal building will be stretched and constructed for
international and domestic travelers, accommodating the rapidly increasing demand for
air travel as well as improving the convenience and safety of air travel. This will also
promote economic growth in the Philippines and strengthen the capacity for the country
to compete internationally.

The projected area for the passenger terminal is 12,405 square meters that would
be more than enough to accommodate 9481029 passengers that is forecasted for the year
2020.

The green building concept is also a very important factor that is considered in
this paper. The sustainability and innovative approach by energy saving, efficient lighting
system and which uses sunlight as primary source in generating power for the proposed
structures consumption will be installed. It would also be a green building by using
technologies such as solar panels for energy saving which uses sunlight as primary
source in generating power and a green roofing is also proposed for the project.

REFERENCES
Data obtained from our client (DOTC)
http://crk.clarkairport.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/clark_international _airport
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/tag/clark-international-airport
http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_rpt_024v1.pdf
http://clacsec.lima.icao.int/reunions/2007.seminario-
chile/presentaciones/PRO7.pdf
http://ww.mit.edu/people/joakim/karlsson_IJAASVoI2Np1Aug2002.pdf
NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

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AND PLANS

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Current pictures of Clark International Airport

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REQUIRED FORMS

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STUDENT REFLECTION

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12.11 WHAT HAVE YOU ACHIEVED 3 TO 5 YEARS FROM DATE OF
GRADUATION?
One of my goals in life is to build a construction company here in the Philippines.
Philippines is one of the third world countries. And I want to help to change that status in
terms in transportation and construction infrastructure.

My number one priority for now is to have a license in civil engineering as soon as
possible. The first thing that I will do after the board exam is to apply and gain experience in
some of the construction company here in the Philippines like DMCI, MDC, etc.

For me, my only focus is to gain experience in the field and not the financial gain
that I will acquire. I understand that you will start from the bottom and that's normal in
the working field.

And after that, I will take up Masters in Business Administration. I believe that, as
you progress in the working field you are gaining experience in dealing with people and
the engineering knowledge skills will be less than the early part of your career.

Maybe in 5 years and beyond I will be in the building stage of my own construction
company and at the same time, I will help to bring up the economy our country. When I'm
settled in my financial supports, I will create my own family to take my legacy to the future.

______________
Aceas, Joseph G.

168
 Taking the Civil Engineering Licensure Examination is my top priority after
graduation. Once I got my license, I would work in a construction company here in the
Philippines for a couple of years, maybe for two years. After gaining some experience, I
plan to go to United Arab Emirates specifically in Dubai where my mom is working as an
Interior Designer.

Three to five years from now, I probably would be living with my mother abroad.
She is planning to send me to school there to take up my masteral degree in Civil
Engineering. The said masteral degree is called Forensic Engineering. I have been
dreaming to be a graduate of that degree and I am so thrilled to learn more about
forensics in civil engineering. Unfortunately, no school or university offers forensics
engineering in the Philippines.

Below is a simple definition of Forensic Engineering, taken from Wikipedia.com:

Forensic engineering is the investigation of materials, products, structures or

components that fail or do not operate or function as intended, causing personal injury or
damage to property. The consequences of failure are dealt with by the law of product
liability. The field also deals with retracing processes and procedures leading to accidents
in operation of vehicles or machinery. The subject is applied most commonly in civil
lawcases, although it may be of use in criminal law cases. Generally, the purpose of a
forensic engineering investigation is to locate cause or causes of failure with a view to
improve performance or life of a component, or to assist a court in determining the facts
of an accident. It can also involve investigation of intellectual property claims, especially
patents.

___________________
Garcia. Waiben Jenin T.

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RESUME

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Waiben Jenin T. Garcia
Unit 4R Avida Tower 1, Makati West, Malugay St. Makati
City
09057819129
jen_garcia079@yahoo.com.ph

OBJECTIVE
To secure a position that requires excellent Civil Engineering skills in an office
and/or field environment. Position should require a variety of tasks that would help me
gain knowledge in a construction business.

WORK EXPERIENCE

December 2011-July 2012 Research Assistant (part-time)

Asia Halcrow Incorporated
July 2012-September 2012 Supervisor TIA (part-time)
San Miguel Corporation
Lrt 1 South Extention Project
EDUCATION

TERTIARY EDUCATION
2009-present Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Mapua Institute of Technology
Intramuros, Manila

171
SECONDARY EDUCATION
2005-2007 Central Philippine University
Jaro, Iloilo City
2007-2009 Vel Maris School
Dasmarias, Cavite
PRIMARY EDUCATION

1999-2003 Mary Help of Christians Montessori

Aguinaldo Hi-way Dasmarias, Cavite
2003-2004 Maranatha Christian Academy
Malagasang, Imus Cavite
2004-2005 Calvario Memorial Christian School
Golgota, Janiuay, Iloilo

SEMINARS ATTENDED

2010 Calculator Decode

Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers
Mapua Institute of Technology
2012 Calculator Techniques and How to Get Better Grades

Mapua Institute of Technology

2012 Specialization Congress

De La Salle University Manila

2013 NSCP Orientation

Mapua Institute of Technology

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ORGANIZATIONS/CLUB

2011-2012 Technological Institute for New and Keen Engineering Students

(THINKERS)
Assistant Secretary
2012-2013 Technological Institute for New and Keen Engineering Students

(THINKERS)
Vice-President for External Affairs
2012-2013 Junior Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (JPICE)

2012-2013 Transportation Science Society of the Philippines (TSSP)

2012-2013 East Asian Society for Transportation Studies (EASTS)

2009-present Mapua Campus Crusade for Christ (MCCC)

2007-2009 Sports Editor (official newspaper of Vel Maris Inc.)

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Age 21 years old

Religion Roman Catholic

Citizenship Philippine National
Civil Status Single
Birthday August 18, 1992

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SPECIAL SKILLS
Computer Literate
Communication Skills
Motivational Skills
Team Orientation
Problem Solving
Managerial skills
Work Ethic
Good Leader
CHARACTER REFERENCES
Engr. Chito S. Navarra
Civil Engineer, SETE Construction
Saudi Arabia
Arch. Mark de Leon
Architect
University Of the Philippines
I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and
belief.
Knowledgeable in MS Office Applications, AutoCad, Google
Earth, C++, Photoshop, Google Sketchup, EPANET, STAAD
Fluent in Speaking English and Filipino
Self motivated, competitive and energetic
Resourceful team player who excels at building trusting
relationships with clients and colleagues.
Innovative problem-solver who can generate analytical thinking,
use of judgment and ability to solve problems efficiently
Capable in business negotiation, creative decision-making,
forward thinking and policy making qualities
Has confidence regarding the professionalism of an employee
Goal-driven leader who maintains a productive climate and
confidently motivates, mobilizes, and coaches employees to
meet high performance standards.
Engr. Virgilio Santos
Professor, School of CEGE
Mapua Institute of Technology
Waiben Jenin T. Garcia
APPLICANT
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Joseph G. Aceas
80 Naga St. Pael Subdivision Barangay Culiat Quezon City
+639175033152, (02) 9270660
josephacenas@yahoo.com

Career Objective

To have an experience on the awareness in the project construction site and to be a part
of a company that will help me develop my skills and contribute to its growth by maximizing my
potential.

________________________________________________
Educational Attainment
July 2009 Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering Mapua
- Present Institute of Technology, Muralla Manila

March 2009 Secondary Education

New Era University, Quezon City

March 2005 Primary Education

Manila Center Adventist Elementary School, Quezon City

________________________________________________
Seminars Attended
June. 2011 Introduction to Tekla Structures
Mapua Institute of Technology, Muralla Manila

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________________________________________________
Skills

Exceptional listener and communicator who effectively conveys information verbally

and in writing.
Computer-literate performer with extensive software proficiency covering limited
variety of applications.
Resourceful team player who excels at building trusting relationships with customers
and colleagues.
Highly adaptable, positive, resilient, patient risk-taker who is open to new ideas.
Dependable, responsible contributor committed to excellence and success.

Personal Data
Nickname: Joseph
Birthday: February 22, 1993
Birthplace: Quezon City
Civil Status: Single
Language Spoken: Tagalog, English
Religious Affiliation: Roman Catholic

________________________________________________
Character References
Engr. Geoffrey L. Cueto
College Professor, Mapua Institute Of Technology
+639 2789 4411

Mr. Felix Castillo Acob

Guidance Councilor, New Era University, Quezon Ciy
+632 981 4221 local 3881

________________________________________________
I hereby certify that the above information is true and accurate as of October 31, 2014
to the best of my knowledge.

Joseph G. Aceas

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