ABSTRAC1

ARIES POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE 2017-18 AFS
ABSTRACT
Vehicle front-lighting is essential for road traffic safety during night-time. It is a
subject of continuous changes following the progress in technology. After the
introduction of gas-discharge (xenon) light sources in 90-ties of the last century,
in the recent years there were adaptive front-lighting systems (AFS) allowed to
be used. This kind of front-lighting with significant complexity of functions and
control, relatively limited lighting improvement and high costs, does not spread
as quickly as it was predicted. For these reasons, the last two years saw
automatic and adaptive driving beam offered, with electronic control based on
the video camera image processing. It is done referring to the present in force,
static technical requirements. But the automatic control of these lights as well as
reactions of other roads users could have wide spread implications for the night-
driving comfort and safety. On one hand it should create much better road
illumination, as it leads in many cases to road illumination closer to the standard
driving beam, when at present the passing beam would be used. On the other
hand, there is a significant risk of glaring other road users as a result of their
improper recognition or erroneous activation/deactivation of these lights. It
could be a result of imperfections in sensors, algorithm and devices controlling
light beam changes.
This could lead to lack of light reaction and glaring of improperly indentified
objects e.g. bicycles, pedestrians and to illumination deterioration in response to
retro-reflectors (road signs). This paper describes most important issues
concerning advantages and risks of introducing this kind of lights to the market
and ways of defining requirements.
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INTRODUCTION
In last years significant progress in vehicle front-lighting is observed. It
concerns optical construction as well as light sources and finally methods and
devices of control of light beam directing and intensity. After the introduction
of gas-discharge (xenon) light sources in 90s of the last century, in the recent
years there were adaptive front-lighting systems (AFS) allowed to be used. This
kind of front lighting with significant complexity of functions and control,
relatively limited lighting improvement and high costs, does not spread as
quickly as it was predicted. The main reason is the restricted range of road
illumination which is result of assumption for static passing beam. Passing
beam is designed in a way that no relatively high illuminance level can occur
over horizon. Practically it is realized by cut-off line, which is inclined down
more than 1%. As a result nominal range of good road illumination cannot be
further than 75 m straight before vehicle. On the right side of the road this range
could be longer (practically to 100-200 m) as a result of asymmetry of cut-off
allowing higher light position on the right side. Nevertheless it is only side
effect which helps in observation of area where relatively often pedestrians can
occur. From the other hand this can cause excessive glaring of other road users,
especially on the right curves. Throughout decades numerous studies showed
that passing beam headlamps do not provide sufficient illumination on the road.
Thus, obstacles can hardly ever be detected within stopping distance.
Adaptive Front lighting Systems (AFS) are intended basically to move beam
pattern left and right accordingly to bending direction (bending mode of AFS)
as well as slightly increase inclination of cut-off alignment by higher speeds
during motorway driving conditions (motorway mode). Two additional
functions of AFS are the bad weather mode activated during raining, snowing
or fog and town mode which allow illuminating in closer distances but wider
angles. Complete AFS is complicated and expensive solution. The bending
function which was allowed also in standard passing beam is relatively simple
solution giving near AFS quality inside passing beam. advantages of AFS
remain restricted, comparing to standard driving beam which is the cheapest and
well known head-lighting function. Main disadvantage of passing beam is
glaring oncoming road users in certain conditions. However driving beam
cannot be used when glare exposed eyes can occur. Practical observations and
recent research shows that drivers have a reluctance to operate the driving beam
and frequently switch the driving beam to the passing beam too early with the
consequence that forward vision is restricted. It leads to conclusion that
significant head-lighting improvement can be achieved by appropriate using
standard driving beam and/or to control it automatically.
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The next step is idea to adapt driving beam to road condition, eventually in
connection with adaptation of passing beam. This adaptation is based on
different philosophy than AFS because the main concept is to avoid high
illumination of areas where glare exposed eyes could appear.
Driver assistance in driving beam use
As it was found that driving beam is used not often enough in relation to driving
conditions sensors were introduced to detect the presence of other power driven
vehicles in illuminated areas to assist the driver. It could significantly improve
not only driving comfort but also safety. Control system for switching between
passing beam and driving beam was based on camera system recognizing
other road users. To work properly the sensors and software should be able to
detect surroundings, position of other vehicles and other road users. But this
process of machine recognition is the main difficulty. It is possible to detect
given level, colour and/or size of light which can be interpreted as oncoming or
preceding vehicle. It is done by reacting to the light emitted by the front lighting
devices of an oncoming vehicle and the rear lighting devices of a vehicle. Much
more difficult is to recognize pedestrians as they can have no lights. Present
laws require not glaring them and cyclists by driving beam [12, 13]. Machine
camera detection should not be limited to the vehicles only but rather should
detect and properly react to other road-users. Otherwise this will cause
changes in road traffic rules and habits of millions road users. It could have
significant impact for traffic safety. In fact this kind of automatic control should
be subject of requirements to ensure that different interpretations of its
functionality are avoided. Till now no such provisions are ready.
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HISTORY OF AFS
Beginning in the 2000s, there was a resurgence in interest in the idea of moving
or optimizing the headlight beam in response not only to vehicular steering and
suspension dynamics, but also to ambient weather and visibility conditions,
vehicle speed, and road curvature and contour. A task force under
the EUREKA organisation, composed primarily of European automakers,
lighting companies and regulators began working to develop design and
performance specifications for what is known as Adaptive Front-Lighting
Systems, commonly AFS. Manufacturers such
as BMW, Toyota, koda and Vauxhall/Opel have released vehicles equipped
with AFS since 2003.
Rather than the mechanical linkages employed in earlier directional-headlamp
systems, AFS relies on electronic sensors, transducers and actuators. Other AFS
techniques include special auxiliary optical systems within a vehicle's headlamp
housings. These auxiliary systems may be switched on and off as the vehicle
and operating conditions call for light or darkness at the angles covered by the
beam the auxiliary optics produce. A typical system measures steering angle
and vehicle speed to swivel the headlamps. The most advanced AFS systems
use GPS signals to anticipate changes in road curvature, rather than simply
reacting to them.
We can hardly imagine a car without headlamps nowadays, as driving an
automobile during night without these now-mandatory parts is surely
impossible. However, there were times when people actually drove vehicles
without headlamps (sure, they weren't actually "real" vehicles and only a few of
them were in fact powered by combustion engines). As time passed by,
technology evolved and headlamps became mandatory in all countries across
the globe.
Modern automotive vehicles include a variety of different lamps to provide

illumination under different operating conditions. Headlamps are typically
controlled to alternately generate low beams and high beams. Low beams
provide less illumination and are used at night to illuminate the forward path
when other vehicles are present. High beams provide significantly more light
and are used to illuminate the vehicles forward path when other vehicles are
not present. Daylight running lights have also begun to experience wide- spread
acceptance.
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There are a number of different adaptive headlight technologies, but they are all
designed to improve the drivers sight distance at night. Most adaptive headlight
systems improve sight distance in corners, but some are also capable of
adjusting in response to weather conditions, the presence of other vehicles, and
other factors. Various types of adaptive headlights have been around throughout
nearly the entire history of automobiles, but a resurgence of interest in the
technology has occurred in recent years.
Types of Adaptive Headlights
Vehicle and their Headlight problem
The first vehicle headlamps were officially introduced during the 1880s
and were based on acetylene and oil, similar to the old gas lamps. In essence,
these two substances were used to fuel the headlamps but, due to the high costs
of both oil and acetylene, improving the existing systems was fairly impossible.
Although they were often praised for their resistance to currents of air and tough
weather conditions such as snow and rain, they were soon replaced by electric
lamps.
The first electric headlamp was produced by the Electric Vehicle Company
based in Hartford, Connecticut in 1898 but, just like the previous systems, they
had numerous disadvantages that blocked companies from adopting and
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improve it. For example, filaments implemented inside the Electric headlamps
could be burned pretty fast, especially when traveling during difficult
conditions. Moreover, the early system demanded small energy sources which,
again, demanded more investments and high costs that nobody could support at
that time.
This didn't stop Cadillac from rolling out the first modern electric headlamp
system in 1912, a new assembly which, compared to its predecessors, could be
used even during rain or snow without the risk of getting burned.
1915 but, since most systems required drivers to step out of the car and turn on
the lights manually, Cadillac developed its own assembly activated by an
interior-mounted lever controlling the exterior lights. But even so, the first
modern light bulb, incorporating both the low and the high beams, saw daylight
in 1924, being followed by a foot-operated dimmer switch invented three years
later.
The first halogen headlamp was officially unveiled in 1962 in Europe and
became mandatory in several countries except the United States that used non-
halogen sealed lamps until 1978. However, thanks to their capability of
producing more light than traditional lamps using almost the same amount of
power made halogen headlights the most popular around the world, with most
automakers still using them on their latest models.
A couple of car manufacturer, however, slowly migrated to high-intensity

discharge systems, also known as xenon headlights, which are said to provide
even more light than halogen units. The first model to implement such a system
was the 1991 BMW 7 Series.
Last-generation models incorporate even a more advanced system compared to

HID, this time based on LEDs. Unfortunately, but, due to high costs of research,
development and engineering, companies are still in doubt whether to migrate to
this kind of headlamps.
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ADAPTIVE FRONT LIGHT

Adaptive headlights are an active safety feature designed to make driving at
night or in low-light conditions safer by increasing visibility around curves and
over hills. When driving around a bend in the road, standard headlights continue
to shine straight ahead, illuminating the side of the road and leaving the road
ahead of you in the dark. Adaptive headlights, on the other hand, turn their
beams according to your steering input so that the vehicles actual path is lit up.
Similarly, when a vehicle with standard headlights crests a hill, the headlight
beams temporarily point upwards towards the sky. This makes it difficult for
drivers to see the road ahead and for oncoming motorists to see the driver
approaching. In contrast, adaptive headlights use a self-leveling system that
points the light beam up or down, according to the position of the vehicle.
Adaptive headlights might not technically be able to see around corners, but
they're pretty much the next best thing. The basic idea is that traditional
headlights always illuminate the road directly in front of a car, which means that
they end up shining a light on the shoulder, or into oncoming traffic, whenever
the car isn't moving forward in a perfectly straight line. Adaptive headlights are
capable of actually rotating with the vehicle, which effectively lights up more
the road surface that you actually need to see.
There are a number of different adaptive headlight technologies, but they are all
designed to improve the drivers sight distance at night. Most adaptive headlight
systems improve sight distance in corners, but some are also capable of
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adjusting in response to weather conditions, the presence of other vehicles, and

other factors. Various new headlight technologies, including a number of
systems similar to modern adaptive headlights, have been implemented
throughout the entire history of the automobile, but a resurgence of interest in
the technology has occurred in recent years.
LEGAL REQUIREMENT
The swivel movement of the adaptive headlight is permitted within certain
limits to protect oncoming traffic, ie.to ensure oncoming traffic is not dazzled
by the headlight.
The vehicle moves on circular path when the driver turns the steering wheel.
The circular path is defined by the movement of wheels and angle position of
the front wheels and the angle position of the front wheels.
In order not to dazzle the oncoming traffic, the salient point of the headlight
must not be left of the circular path at the distance corresponding to 100 times
the installation height of the headlight.
This conclusion for the light/dark limit refers to light-hand drive traffic. The
conclusion relating to light/dark limit applies symmetrically to left-hand drive
traffic .
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SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Depending on the equipment configuration of the vehicle, the following system
components may be installed for adaptive headlight function.
Control Unit
o Foot well module

o Car access system
o Dynamic stability control
o Rain/Driving light /Solar sensor
o Roof function centre
o Vertical dynamic management
Bi-xenon headlight
Light operating unit
Direction indicator/high beam switch
Sensor system
o Yaw rate sensor, steering angle sensor
o Front and rear height sensor
o Brake pedal switch.
CONTROL UNIT
The foot well module is the central control unit for the entire exterior lighting
system and therefore also for the adaptive headlight. The other control units
such as the dynamic stability control provide input signals
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FOOTWELL MODULE
The control for the adaptive headlight is located in foot well module.
The foot well module is connected to three bus system.
The bus systems are;
K-CAN
F-CAN e.g. if the vertical dynamics management ids installed
LIN-Bus
Data from the vertical dynamics management system are received via the F-
can. The foot well module receives and sends data via the K-CAN and LIN-
BUS
CAR ACCESS SYSTEM

The car access system 3 sends the wake-up signals to the control units in the
vehicle. The steering column switch cluster is connected directly to wake up
line.
DYNAMIC STABILITY CONTROL

The dynamic stability control sends signals relating to the yaw rate and vehicle
speed to adaptive headlight.
RAIN/DRIVING LIGHT/SOLAR SENSOR

The rain/driving light/solar sensor sends the request to switch on the low beam
headlight as soon as it detects low light level (darkness). The light switch must
be set to automatic high beam control for this purpose.
ROOF FUNCTIONS CENTRE

The roof function centre receives the signals from the rain/driving/solar sensor.
The roof functions center makes the signal available on the K-CAN.
VERTICAL DYNAMICS MANAGEMENT

Vertical dynamics management makes available the values for the dynamic
headlight vertical aim control to foot well module.
The foot well module receives the values via the F-CAN. In this way the
headlight range can be adapted to the different driving situations, e.g.
laden/unladen
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BI-XENON HEADLIGHT
Each bi-xenon headlight contain following components;
Swivel module for bi-xenon headlight
Stepper motor controller
Stepper motor for headlight vertical aim control
Side light corona/daytime driving light corona
Direction indicator

RAIN/DRIVING LIGHTS/SOLAR SENSOR
The rain/driving light/solar sensor is fitted in the mirror base. The signals from
the rain/driving light/solar sensor are used to switch on the automatic driving
lights.
ROOF FUNCTION CENTRE
The roof functions center is the gateway for the rain/driving light/solar sensor. It
transfers LIN-BUS signals of the rain/driving light/solar sensor to the K-CAN.
ULTRASONIC PASSENGER-COMPARTMENT SENSOR
The ultrasonic passenger compartment sensor signals the visual alarms of the
anti- theft alarm system via the K-CAN. The visual alarm depends on the
country-specific version. The ultrasonic passenger compartment sensor is
integrated in the roof function centre.
ADVANCED CRASH SAFETY MANAGEMENT (ACSM)
The advanced crash safety management sends signal in the event of an accident.
This allows the foot well module to trigger the visual signaling (e.g. hazard
warning lights ON).
SWIVEL MODULE FOR BI-XENON HEADLIGHT
Among other things the swivel module contains following components;

Bi-Xenon lamp
Hall sensor for zero position
Stepper motor
The bi-xenon headlight control unit is mounted on the bi-xenon headlight.
It supplies the power and ignition voltage for the bi-xenon light bulb.
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The bi-xenon light bulb is integrated in the swivel section of the adaptive
headlight.
The zero position Hall sensor registers the zero position of the swivel module.
The stepper motor provides the swivel movement of the swivel module. A
separate stepper motor is installed for the headlight vertical aim control.
STEPPER MOTOR CONTROLER
The stepper motor controller is mounted on the side of the bi-xenon

The stepper motor controller controls and monitors the movement of the stepper
motors for the adaptive head light and the vertical aim control system..
SIDE LIGHT /DAY TIM EDRIVING LIGHT
The side or day time driving light ids designed as a fiber optics light guide ring.
A35 volt bulb (8) supplies the light to the fiber optics ring from below
LIGHTS OPERATING UNIT
The light switch must be set to automatic driving light control in the order to
switch on the adaptive headlight. The lights operating unit is connected to the
foot well module.
The light switch can be pressed at certain pressure in forward direction. This
increases the impact surface area in the vicinity of the light switch in the event
of an accident thus contributing to improved passenger protection.
DIRECTION INDICATOR/HIGH BEAM SWITCH
The steering column switch cluster contains the direction indicator or high beam
switch. The steering column switch cluster makes available the signal from the
direction indicator/high beam switch hard-wired to the foot well module. A
more detailed description of the steering column cluster can be in the product
information Steering column switch cluster E70.
SENSORS
YAW RATE SENSOR
The yaw rate sensors make available signals relating to the yaw of the vehicle
about the vertical axis.
The yaw rate sensor is installed on the drive shaft tunnel between the drivers
and passengers seat next to the advanced crash safety management.
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ROTATING RATE SENSOR
The rotation rate sensors supply the signal for the vehicle speed. The dynamic
stability control evaluates the sensors of each wheel.
STEERING ANGLE SENSOR
The steering angle sensor is integrated in the steering column switch cluster. It
is an optical sensor and makes available data relating to the steering wheel lock
angle.
FRONT AND REAR RIDE-HEIGHT SENSORS
The signals of the ride height sensors are used for the headlight vertical aim
control LWR.
The ride height sensors are connected directly to the foot well module.
BRAKE PEDAL SWITCH

The signal of the brake pedal switch is used for the headlight vertical aim
control(LWR).
BUS SYSTEMS
The foot well module is connected to three bus system, via which the adaptive
headlight receives input signals.
The bus systems are;

Chassis-CAN F-CAN
Body-CAN K-CAN
Local interconnected Network Bus(LIN-Bus)
CHASSIS CAN
The F-CAN is connected to the foot well module for the purpose transferring
data from the steering angle sensor. The signal path run from the steering angle
sensor in the steering column switch cluster via the F-CAN to the dynamic
stability control, which in turn transfer the signal to the F-CAN. If vertical
dynamics management is installed , the foot well module receives the data for
the dynamic headlight vertical aim control via the F-CAN. The data transfer rate
is 500kBd.
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BODY CAN
The foot well module receives information . The K-CAN has data rate of
100kBd.
LIN-BUS
The LIN-BUS has a data transfer rate of 19.2kBd. It connects the stepper motor
controller to the foot well module.
HOW DO ADAPTIVE HEADLIGHTS WORK
Each adaptive headlight system works a little differently since they dont all
perform the exact same functions. Modern directional headlamps, for example,
use sensor inputs to determine when the vehicle is turning. The headlights are
then rotated with the turn, which illuminates the road in front of the vehicle.
Traditional headlights tend to illuminate the side of the road when cornering, or
shine off the road entirely, which can lead to unsafe conditions.
Other adaptive headlight systems use sensors to determine when the brightness
should be adjusted. This saves the driver from having to operate the high beams
manually, which allows for a maximum sight distance at all times.
Some of these systems can determine how far away other vehicles are and
adjust the brightness of the headlamps so that light reaches them without
creating glare.
Another adaptive headlight technology was introduced by Volkswagen in 2011.

This system uses a dynamic lighting system to prevent the high beams from
causing glare. When the system detects another vehicle, it is capable of shading
the precise areas of the headlight that would cause the other driver to experience
glare.
What Vehicles Have Adaptive Headlights?
Various adaptive headlamp strategies have been employed in vehicles in at least

the 1930s. Many early systems had a single, rotating headlight mounted in
between the normal headlights. These adaptive headlights were then mounted to
the steering linkage so that they would rotate whenever the driver turned the
steering wheel. Willys, Tucker, and other automakers used these early adaptive
headlight systems.
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Modern directional headlamps are available from manufacturers like Toyota,

BMW, Opel, and others. These modern systems are typically referred by the
term advanced front-lighting system (AFS).
General Motors was an early adopter of adaptive technology that could

automatically adjust headlight brightness.
They offered an automatic dimmer between 1952 and 1988, which could also be
found in some Ford and Chrysler models. Other adaptive high beam systems are
offered by Volkswagen, Mercedes, and various other automakers.
Do Adaptive Headlights Really Reduce Accidents?
Adaptive headlight systems definitely increase visibility at night, but its

unclear as to exactly how they reduce accidents. According to
one study performed by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, adaptive
headlights result in a 10 percent reduction in overall insurance claims. The same
study claims that only 7 percent of police-reported accidents occur during the
hours when adaptive headlights are likely to have an impact, so they appear to
be useful in other situations
LIGHT IN VARYING CONDITIONS
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Applications of adaptive headlights in the

automotive industry
When speaking of actuators or moving mechanisms in the automotive industry,

headlights and lighting systems are an unavoidable topic. Static headlights with
light bulbs are now a thing of the past. Nowadays, manufacturers do their best
efforts to improve driving comfort, and in this regard, automatic adaptive
headlights are increasingly gaining ground. Do you know how those motions
are achieved? And which benefits they offer when driving?
1. They allow for safer driving
Automatic adaptive headlights is one of the innovations of automotive

engineering that is destined to improve driving safety. These systems allow
automatic lighting on the road without the need for driver interaction. The
usefulness of these adaptive headlights involves the all-important task of
preventing accidents.
Imagine you are driving at night along a two-lane road with no lighting, and you
approach a curve. Even if you are driving at the proper speed, visibility is
reduced. Thanks to these adaptive headlights, lights automatically rotate
depending on the angle of rotation of the steering wheel on every curve,
offering a better visibility over the road ahead. In 2006, for example, over 46%
of fatal accidents took place at night. Adaptive headlamps enhance the night
driving experience, making the trip safer.
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2. They avoid blinding other vehicles or pedestrians
Adaptive headlights not only benefit the driver, but also other vehicles. For
example, if travelling along a two-way sloped road, the light pattern is reduced
to prevent glare on oncoming drivers.
Automatic adaptive headlights have high and low beams which are
automatically adjusted by a set of sensors. Next, information is sent to a
computer regarding driving conditions and traffic. They have systems that are
capable of detecting oncoming traffic and the taillights of cars in front of us.
Based on this information, headlights are automatically turned on. The driver
will be able to use the highest beam without blinding other drivers.
3. They improve driving in adverse weather
Driving in the rain or fog increases road accident rates. One of the factors is
lack of visibility. Adaptive headlights can help the driver even in adverse
weather. For example, this type of system activates anti-fog lights, and at a rate
of speed slower than 70 km/h, they rotate the left headlight about 8 degrees
outwards and 1 degree down. Thus, glare in foggy weather is diminished and
the left side is more illuminated.
Automatic adaptive headlights have the ability to:
1. Auto-level
2. Adapt to curves
3. Detect light levels and turn on or off automatically
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Leading automotive manufacturers have added this technology to their range

of vehicles.
In regards to their motion, adaptive headlights can perform small horizontal
or vertical motions associated to the application of gear motors in the
automotive industry. These motions depend on mechanical systems which
allow for the reduction of speed of a motor in a constant, efficient and safe
manner.
Thanks to a variety of sensors that are connected to a computer, these

headlights dynamically adjust their beam in the direction of the turn (up to 15
degrees off-centre, which provides them a 30-degree range of motion). This
technology ensures a better visibility and higher safety during the night in
sinuous roads.
In vehicles equipped with this technology, a low beam is activated
automatically as soon as the sensor determines a specific lighting value. In other
words, they improve the driving experience, preventing the driver passing
through poorly lit areas from paying constant attention to adjusting the
headlights.
Sensors connected to a computer to measure changes
These systems have sensors which continuously measure the steering angle,
speed and vehicle rotation. With all this information, a computer activates small
electric motors combined with gear motors to rotate headlights left or right.
Thus, the beam faces the direction of motion. In summary, with these swiveling
headlight systems, lights illuminate 30 to 60 degrees around the vehicle.
ADAPTIVE HEADLIGHTS WITH SELF-LEVELING

SYSTEMS
HID headlights are much brighter than conventional halogen lights. They may
stun and blind other drivers and pedestrians. This is the reason why in Europe,
vehicles equipped with these headlights are required by law to have an auto-
leveling system that makes sure headlights are facing down on the road.
Auto-leveling headlight technology has an additional level sensor which

determines if the vehicle is leaning forwards or backwards. For example, if the
car drives over a large pothole, when the front part of the vehicle hits the
pothole, it rises. A standard headlight would point skywards for a few fractions
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of a second, until the back of the car levels itself. Therefore, the driver would
not be able to see ahead for a brief instant.
Adaptive headlights with auto-leveling and electric servomotors react to the

leveling sensor, and their light will always point towards the road, regardless of
the vehicle compartment rising or descending.
Smart adaptive headlights
Adaptive headlight systems are becoming ever smarter. There are vehicle
models which turn on the auxiliary lights in turns at speeds up to 70 km/h (sharp
turns); also when turning at intersections, or during parking manoeuvers. These
types of lights can illuminate up to a maximum of 80 additional degree.
System Principle:
AFS uses the vehicle steering angle and both the front and rear suspension body
level sensor signal (detects body height change) as well as the vehicles speed
signal. It works through a complex operation and control logic between the
turning drive and headlamps to obtain the best lamp lighting angle.
Through dynamic adjustment of the lamp, it ensures that the driver has the best
lighting distance and visual range, enhancing the driving safety even in the
darkest environment.
Function Description:
follow-up turning function: according to the vehicle velocity and left and right
turning angle, headlights can adjust in real-time turning to provide the best
lighting range for the driver, it has a turning range of 16 degrees outward, and 8
degrees inward.
Leveling adjustment function:

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Lighting range adjustment: adjustment of the headlamp angle is done to

provide the best lighting distance according to the speed, vehicle body posture
change (urgent acceleration/deceleration, load changes, drive in the
uphill/downhill).
Bad road mode: in bad driving conditions, it can make sure the headlamp
lighting distance will not be frequently adjusted; avoiding impacting the drivers
concentration and/or causing eye fatigue.
System Frame:
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System Components:
High Intensity Discharge Ballast
Auto Leveling Sensor
Auto Angular Sensor
AFS/ALS Actuation Module
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HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS

THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF HIGH INTENSITY
DISCHARGE LAMPS
Most vehicles contain high intensity discharge (HID) lamps. They used in the
headlamps of the vehicle. Some drivers have great results in using the HID
headlights, whereas others find disadvantages to using them.
The bluish tint you see on some vehicle headlights is created by a light
technology that uses no filament. High-Intensity Discharge (HID) bulbs, also
commonly referred to as xenon headlights, create light by applying electricity to
high-pressure gas-xenon in this case. The gas is heated white hot, giving off
visible light that appears nearly bluish-white in color. The color of the light is
much closer to the color of sunlight, making it comfortable for the driver. The
HID bulb uses less electricity, and lasts much longer than the other types of
filament bulbs. HID bulb life is approximately 200,000 miles.
High Intensity Discharge Ballast is the key part of Xenon HID headlamp
system, ensuring a smooth start and normal operation of the whole system.
AMEC's HID Ballast series products provides high quality and high stability
performance, even in extreme environmental temperatures, severe vibration,
thermal shock, mechanical impact and the chemical corrosion environment. It is
fully compliant with the technical specifications of the global automotive
companies.
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Technical Parameters:
D1S/D1R D3S/D3R
Bulb Type
D2S/D2R D4S/D4R
Rated Voltage 13.5V DC
Operating Voltage Range 6V18V DC
IgnitionVoltage Range 9V17V DC
Storage Temp. Range -40 to +105
Operating Temp. Range -40 to +125
Output Power 35W3W
Life 3000 hrs
Product Image:
Applications:
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Advantages of HID Lamps

The advantages of having HID lamps are plentiful. Xenon headlights offer a
larger spectrum of visibility while driving. This specific style of headlights was
first developed in 1991 and has since gained in popularity due to the benefits.
During that time the headlights were more expensive than individuals were
willing to pay for lamps. However, in the recent days the cost has plummeted
making them far more affordable.
One of the main benefits of having Xenon headlights is the fact they offer a
longer lasting life than typical lamps. They last three times longer that the
halogen bulbs. This will save the driver money.
Another wonderful advantage is they offer lower energy usage. The Xenon
headlights use 25-30 percent less energy than halogen bulbs. It is much easier
on the electrical system and the battery, which will also save money for the
driver.
Of course the fact Xenon headlights are extremely more attractive than typical
headlights it one of the benefits. The light given off by these types of headlights
are cleaner and provide a classy look to any luxury vehicle. It is considered to
be cost efficient and an aesthetic upgrade for your vehicle. Xenon headlights are
functional and elegant.
Disadvantages of HID Lamps

With every wonderful product, there are always drawbacks. One of the
disadvantages to the HID headlights is the brightness of the lights in the rear
view mirrors. This causes a problem for drivers in front of your vehicle. It is so
widely known that USA Today did an investigation and report on the
headlights. They found although they prove to be troublesome, using halogen
bright lights are debilitating, whereas the HID lamps do not offer impairment
for the drivers in front of the beams. They are still overall better than traditional
lamps.
There have been reports of drivers having issues while driving in foggy weather
conditions. The blue light of the HID headlights prove to scatter more with
water droplets than typical headlights.
In conclusion, the HID headlights are more cost effective, provide a more
natural light while driving, extends the life of the headlights, battery, and
electrical system; this offers the solution to the problem on confusion to
purchasing Xenon headlights.
26
AFS ACTUATION MODULE
AFS/ALS Drive Mechanism Module complies with most major car OEMs
designs and specifications. The main function is to drive the stepper motor
while rotating the actuation module automatically to adjust the lighting to meet
any driving condition in the lighted area.
To meet the OEMs different product position and platform upgrade

requirements, we are also supporting the design and production of a large
number of manual actuators for all kinds of models.
System Configuration:
Product Image: Applications:
27
AUTO LEVELING SENSOR
Leveling sensor uses hall-effect technology, is a non-contact type of advanced

design, providing longer life, higher accuracy, and a solid mechanical body.
This is not only used for Adapted Front Lighting Systems (AFS), but can also
be applied to related body control systems, such as, vehicle stability systems
and active suspension systems.
Technical Parameters:
Items Specifications
Operating temperature range - 40C to + 125C
Storage temperature range -55C to + 150C
Operating voltage range 9~16V
Angular Resolution (function of frequency) 0.05 degree
Relative linearity < 1%
Nominal Duty Range (90 deg) 5%~95%
Mechanical Movement 360 degree
Output Range 90 degree
Life cycle 5,000,000 cycles min
28
AUTO ANGULAR SENSOR
Steering angle sensor provides long lifetime and high-accuracy measurements,

can detect 360-degree absolute position and detects the turns of the sensor, not
only for the Adaptive Front Lighting systems (AFS), but also can be used in any
swivel signal needed system, such as vehicle stability systems and electric
power steering.
Items Performance
Angular Position:
Range -900 to 900 (Max. -1080 to +1080)
Resolution 0.25
Accuracy 1 % duty
Power Supply Voltage
Rated voltage DC 12V
Range of operation voltage DC 8V to 16V
Temperature Resistance
Operation 40 to 85
Storage 40 to 95
Life Cycle 1,000,000 cycle (min)
29
Adaptive or directional headlights
Come hell or high water, regular static headlights point straight ahead. Thats
fine in places with plenty of street lighting, but on dark, winding country roads
these headlights may spend more time illuminating cane fields and the never-
never than the road ahead.
Adaptive or directional headlights solve that problem by allowing the headlight
projectors to swivel.
The cars electronics track which way the car is heading by monitoring the cars
speed and rotation, as well as the angle of the steering wheel. Small electric
motors are able to turn the headlights projectors by up to around 15 degrees to
match the cars intended direction. That way the headlights are almost always
lighting up the road and any potential hazards that may lie there.
To prevent pedestrians and other road users from being blinded unnecessarily,
most adaptive headlights systems dont start turning the projectors until a
threshold speed has been breached.
Adaptive headlights are common on many cars with HID or xenon headlights
today, but the idea actually come to prominence way back in 1960s.
Busting out of the post-World II straightjacket of austerity, the Citroen DS

wowed the automotive world with its eye-catching aerodynamic styling and
advanced tech, which included hydropneumatic suspension, front-wheel drive
and an automated manual gearbox.
It also featured covered headlights for improved aerodynamics. Late in its life,
the DS gained directional headlights. With that option box ticked, the DS had
high-beam lights mechanically linked to the steering wheel. Turn the wheel and
the headlights would follow your steering inputs.
30
Technological limitations, not to mention cost and legislative issues, meant that
the idea never really took off until the recent rise of powerful on-board
computers and cheap electrics.
Cornering lights
Whereas adaptive headlights are designed to illuminate long, sweeping bends,
cornering lights are meant to provide a bit extra brightness to help with sharp
turns or parking.
Cornering lights generally only switch on at low speeds when the indicators are
on, reverse is engaged or the steering wheel is being turned furiously.
To provide this functionality older cars employed a small side light, while
modern vehicles generally employ a swiveling lens in the fog light or main
headlight housing.
Self-leveling lights
HID headlights are several times brighter than conventional halogen lights, and
because of this they can easily stun and dazzle other drivers and pedestrians.
This is especially true on hills, and when driving over bumps and dips.
Thats why in Australia and Europe cars equipped with these headlights are
required by law to be fitted with a self-leveling system that attempts to keep the
headlights pointing down at the road.
Typically a self-leveling system will determine the cars inclination by

monitoring the front and rear suspension. Electric actuators, not too dissimilar
to the ones that move adaptive headlights side to side, are then able to quickly
adjust the projectors beam up or down.
31
Automatic or dusk-sensing headlights

Drivers have a lot of things on their minds: other vehicles, pedestrians,
directions and heavy-handed speed limit enforcement. Deciding when to switch
the headlights on or off is one thing that technology can easily take off their
shoulders.
Dusk-sensing headlights typically use an ambient light sensor to measure the

brightness of the surrounding environment. This sensor is usually hidden inside
a little dome at the base of the windscreen, although some manufacturers install
the sensors at the top of the windshield.
When the surrounding environment is a little too dark for a little too long, the
sensor will instruct the headlights, as well as the instrument and dashboard
lights, to turn on. Once brightness reaches regular daylight levels again it will
turn the headlights and instrument lighting off. Simple.
Automatic high beam

On dark highways in the countryside its always a good idea to have the high
beams on, as they can illuminate much further than low beams are able to. On a
stretch of road thats got a moderate amount of traffic, though, it can be a pain
switching back and forth between low and high beam.
Automatic high beams usually operate via a camera-style sensor mounted on the
front-facing section of the interior mirror. This sensor can detect street lights,
tail-lights and the headlights of on-coming cars.
If the road is sufficiently lit by street lighting, the high beams stay off. On unlit
or poorly lit roads the high beams stay on unless youre following a car or there
is oncoming traffic.
32
Selective high beam filtering

Forward facing cameras and radar play an important role for many safety
systems, and theyre often utilised to track vehicles at night for the benefit of
selective high beam filtering systems. Essentially, the aim is to stop your cars
lights from dazzling other road users.
Once another vehicle is calculated to cross your cars high beam, the system can
begin calculating how to alter the beam pattern to accommodate it.
The biggest hurdle for this type of technology is how to shade the area where
other road users are. For projector-style headlights there are two methods for
adjusting the high beam.
In the first, an object is moved around in front of the bulb to blank out the area
where other cars are. This can lead to quite complex designs for systems that are
able to cope with multiple vehicles in different locations without reverting to the
dipped beam.
The second method uses the swiveling motors employed for the adaptive
headlight and/or the self-leveling system. Some systems can splay one or both
headlight beams slightly to shield a vehicle from the full might of your high
beams. Other systems shift the headlights up and down the road depending on
the presence or absence of other road users.
In the most advanced systems, a headlight features LEDs arranged into clusters,
each of which can be individually turned on or off, and dimmed. This not only
allows for low and high beam patterns, but also enables the headlights to dim
certain portions of the road ahead to cater for other vehicles. This is the
approach taken by Audis Matrix LED headlights and Mercedes-Benz
Multibeam LED headlights.
33
BI-XENON HEAD LIGHTS
Bi-xenon headlights provide increased luminous power to improve ones

night-time vision while driving. They increase visibility considerably while also
maximizing illumination towards the edges of the roadway more vividly and
over a greater area.
Bi-Xenon Headlights are a form of high intensity discharge (HID) Xenon
headlights. They provide function as both low beam and high beam lighting
from a vehicles dual headlight system.
A bi-xenon headlights system eliminates the necessity for a separate traditional

halogen high beam bulb. It does this by either moving the xenon bulb to the
inside of the lens or by moving a filter or shield up or down in front of the
xenon bulb in order to allow the light a way to escape from the inside of the lens
in a different pattern.
Most often, a bi-xenon headlights system features dynamic headlight leveling.

Additionally, on some vehicles it also allows for direction adjustability.
On some cars, such as BMW for example, the four lamp bi-xenon headlights
systems use beam deflection on a single pair of HID Xenon lamps for both the
low and high beams. The second set of headlamps contain traditional halogen
bulbs for the headlamps flash functioning, although they are not utilized in
normal running. HID lamps usually take a couple of seconds to reach their full
output, and their service life is substantially decreased by flashing the on and
off. This is why they are not currently used for any type of flash function.
FACTS ABOUT BI-XENON HEADLIGHTS

In high-beam mode, bi-xenon headlights offer a significantly larger range, and
while in low-beam mode, the headlights provide light near the edges of the
roadway more vividly and over a wider area. When compared to traditional H7
halogen bulbs, bi-xenon headlamps provide up to 86% more luminous power
34
when in low-beam mode, rising to as high as 181% more while in high-beam

mode. This enhances visibility and vision.
Bi-Xenon Headlights which offers significantly safer driving at night-time.

Additionally, on some vehicles, the cornering light function turns on the fog
light on the side facing the turn when negotiating tight turns at a speed of up to
approximately 25 mph. This feature provides for substantially improved
illumination of the roadway.
Bi-xenon gets it name from the fact that the high beam and low beam share a
common light source. This is unlike other HID lights, such as the 8000k HIDs.
In high-beam mode, the bi-xenon headlamps provide visibility over a further
distance in front of the car. In low-beam mode, the bi-xenon bulbs cast light
over a much wider area than traditional halogen headlights, allowing objects
near the edge of the roadway to be seen earlier.
Some higher-end Luxury vehicles offer a feature called dynamic sensor-

controlled range adjustment. This headlight technology automatically adjusts
for changes to the vehicles position during acceleration and braking, or as a
result of different load levels. High-luminosity bi-xenon gas-discharge lights do
an excellent job of avoiding blinding oncoming traffic. Here is a video
showing Volvos active bi-xenon headlights.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BI-XENON HEADLIGHTS

AND XENON HEADLIGHTS
On most of todays new cars, typically xenon-equipped headlights are offered
only as a low-beam headlight that have a halogen bulb in place for the high
beams. Bi-xenon headlights, on the other hand, offer xenon-light output for both
the low and high beams, and they are encased within the same headlight
projector or capsule.
35
During low-beam operation, bi-xenon headlights usually use a filter or shade in

front of the bulb. When the driver turns on the high-beams, the shade slides out
of the way and the xenon bulbs full-light output is cast onto the road.
Most luxury car makes, such as BMW, Audi, Mercedes Benz and Lexus, offer
bi-xenon headlights.
Typically identified by their bluish tint, bi-xenon headlights offer a significantly

brighter light output than their standard halogen headlights counterparts.
BI-XENON HEADLIGHTS WITH AFS (ADAPTIVE FRONTLIGHTING

SYSTEMS)
AFS for short, Adaptive Front-lighting System optimizes the distribution of the
light produced from the bi-xenon headlights based upon current driving
circumstances. By determining steering input and vehicle speed, the adaptive
front lighting system will point the low-beam headlights into the direction of
which the cars driver intends to go.
In conjunction with bi-xenon headlights, the AFS illuminates more brightly and
at a greater distance versus halogen headlights, thus improving the drivers
visibility and field of vision at intersections and round curves during evening
driving. Paired up with an auto-leveling function, the AFS produces a stable
distribution of light which is not affected by the cars position. By maintaining
the lights axis, the AFS aids to prevent drivers of oncoming cars from being
temporarily blinded when the back of the car may be weighed down by luggage
or many people, or if the cars position changes from driving over a bump in the
road or while driving up a steep slope.
36
37
38
Traditional halogen headlights are losing their popularity in todays automobiles

to xenon headlights and bi-xenon headlights. This is mainly due to xenon
headlights efficiency, brighter light, and longer lasting bulbs. They really do not
have any major fundamental differences, because they both utilize the
same Xenon bulbs. The only difference is in the number of bulbs that are inside
of each set of headlights. Xenon headlights are required to use two sets of bulbs
just like traditional halogen headlights, while Bi-Xenon headlights need only
use a single pair of bulbs.
As you probably know, drivers set their headlights to high beam in order to
increase the distance of visibility, and back to low so as to avoid blinding
oncoming drivers. Xenon headlights use two fixed bulbs, with one set aimed
low, and the other set aimed high. Bi-Xenon headlights, on the other hand, get
away with operating just two bulbs. They do this by implementing a mechanical
system in order to appropriately direct the beam of light. There are basically two
ways in which they achieve this. The first way is by actually moving the
headlight bulb itself, so that it aims properly. The second way is by using a
fixed headlight bulb with movable reflectors, which achieve the same result.
ADVANTAGES OF BI-XENON HEADLIGHTS

There are a couple of advantages to using Bi-Xenon headlights vs. Xenon
headlights. Because of the fact that each Xenon headlight contains two bulbs, it
is more likely to fail, as opposed to a Bi-Xenon headlight which only has one
bulb. This is primarily because if either of the two bulbs in the headlight set fail,
the whole bulb assembly is rendered unusable. Bi-Xenon headlights are
generally expected to cost less compared to Xenon headlights, because of the
fewer number of bulbs in the light assembly. These factors make Bi-Xenon
headlights a solid selection for most
vehicle owners.
Although not very likely, Bi-Xenon

headlights may possibly suffer from a
mechanical failure caused by the
repeated transition from low to high,
and vice versa. Like all mechanical
systems, bi-xenon headlights may
eventually suffer from wear and tear
every time they are moved. Because
xenon headlights do not have any
moving parts, they are therefore
39
immune to this problem.
In conclusion, here are some key points to keep in mind when comparing xenon
headlights vs. bi-xenon headlights.
Both Bi-Xenon and Xenon headlights are identical in terms of the type of
bulbs that are used.
Bi-Xenon headlights use two bulbs, while Xenon headlights must use four
bulbs.
For low and high beams, Xenon headlights switch between their two sets of
bulbs, and Bi-Xenon headlights utilize a mechanical system in order to set the
beam of light.
Due to using more bulbs, Xenon headlights are more likely to fail than Bi-
Xenon headlights.
Xenon headlights may cost a bit more than Bi-Xenon headlights.
Because of their mechanical nature, Bi-Xenon headlights may suffer from

eventual failure. This is not a concern with Xenon headlights.
LED HEADLIGHTS
LED headlights are on the rise, and motoring commentators expect that more
vehicles will sport LEDs into the future, as manufacturers and car owners alike
trend away from cheaper, less-efficient bulbs. There are dozens of reasons to
make the switch to LED headlights for a better motoring experience, and given
the increasingly accessible cost of these once-expensive headlights, it is
becoming ever-more affordable for people to upgrade.
If youre thinking about making the switch to LED headlights, here is a run-
down of the top 10 reasons people are choosing to upgrade, and the advantages
40
you can benefit from, simply by switching out your old headlights for an LED
headlights kit.
Easy To Install
LED headlights kits are easy to install, and you dont need to be a mechanic or
have any particular technical skills to install these on your own car. In fact, it is
possible to fit headlights with minimal tools and around 30-60 minutes of your
time, saving on the labor costs of getting your headlights fitted out. Or, if you
dont feel confident installing these yourself, you can also take your kit to any
mechanic, who will be able to fit these at low cost. All our kits come with full
installation instructions too, guiding you through the process step-by-step to
installing your headlights.
Easy To Maintain
Unlike halogen bulbs, which need replacing from time to time and are designed
to run for around 5000 hours of motoring, LED headlights are solid state, and so
capable of lasting for many years of motoring. At 50% solid use, LED
headlights can last for up to 22 years - a lifetime in motoring. By switching to
LEDs now, you are making an investment in your headlights in future, saving in
ongoing parts and maintenance costs thanks to their long-lasting lifespans. If
you compare the costs directly, LED headlights work out cheaper in the long
run.
No Need To Replace Bulbs
Of course, not replacing your headlights or bulbs is in itself an advantage,

saving you the effort of switching out your headlights on a regular basis. This
means there is no need for ongoing maintenance to your headlights, or for
periodic refits if a bulb blows. This saves time and hassle on the replacement
process, so you dont have to switch out your bulbs every year or so - not to
mention saving additional expense.
More Efficient Lighting
In terms of the lighting LED headlights produce, it is created with significantly

greater efficiency than with halogen bulbs. Whereas halogen bulbs waste 80%
of their energy (by generating excessive heat as a byproduct of creating the
glowing light), LED lights convert 80% of the energy they use directly into
light, wasting only 20% in the process - significantly more efficient. This means
you can benefit from stronger lighting, with a lesser load on your alternator.
41
More Hardwearing
The average LED light can be used continuously for 11 years, or 22 years at
50% activation. That compares with just 5000 hours for a typical halogen
headlight, which are also more prone to failure over the course of their life, on
account of their moving parts. LED headlights are therefore significantly more
hardwearing and long-lasting than traditional halogens, which remains a key
element of their appeal.
Cheaper To Operate
Because LED headlights are significantly more efficient, they are cheaper to
operate. Further, because you may only have to replace LED headlights as often
as you change your car, they are significantly cheaper to buy and maintain over
the total lifecycle of your headlights. This represents several cost savings over
halogen bulbs, which manufacturers use because their initial component cost is
lower than with LED headlights. So as well as benefiting from more effective
lighting on the road ahead, you can also save money into the bargain.
Build Quality
Our solid-state LED headlight kits are built to exacting standards, ensuring they
can realise their full potential over long-term use. With no moving parts, as with
traditional bulbs, you are much less likely to need to switch out your headlights
over the course of their lifecycle. Our high-quality components are
manufactured to last, so when you switch in your LEDs, you can rest assured in
the quality of your headlights.
Safer To Use
Consider a night-time driving scenario, or foggy road conditions. Rather than a

weak, yellow halogen light which illuminates just a few feet directly ahead, or
even reflects against dense fog, LEDs produce a much more penetrating,
illuminating white light. This results in clearer driving conditions ahead, while
making it much easier to see in fog and other poor visibility conditions. As a
result, drivers with LED lights have more time to react to changing conditions
ahead, and therefore can be sure they are as safe as possible on the roads.
Better Lighting Quality
Aside from being brighter, that actual quality of light from LEDs is greater than
the quality of light available from halogens. Rather than a weak, watery yellow
light, LEDs produce a much more piercing, clearer quality of light. This is
warmer than HID xenon bulbs too, so more illuminating and less blinding for
42
other road users. For the optimal lighting quality from your headlights, choose
LEDs.
Use Less Fuel
Because LEDs are so much more energy efficient than halogen and other
headlights, they draw less energy from your vehicle to produce a purer quality
of light. This has the net effect of improving your fuel efficiency, which will
save you money. When you multiply these marginal savings over the full
lifecycle of your LED headlights, this money goes some way towards repaying
the cost of your headlights kit.
These are just a few reasons more motorists are choosing to switch to LED
headlights, and industry projections expect an increasing number to switch to
LED headlights in the years to come. For a long-term, efficient, high quality
solution for any car, choose LED headlights in preference to standard halogen
bulbs.
ADVANTAGES:
small size, allow great manipulation for various shapes

very low energy consumption
brighter than halogen headlights while still offering a warmer light than HIDs
DISADVANTAGES:
high production costs

high temperature created around adjacent assemblies
more difficult to design and cope with the already high engine bay
temperatures
LASER HEADLAMPS
BMW and Audi are pulling hard to make laser headlights happen, with the new
technology promising to be 1,000 times better than LED headlights, while also
coming in a much more compact form. You might know that lasers are quite
dangerous things to play with and they only illuminate a zone about the size of a
dime. So, how do laser headlamps make for a good idea to be implemented on
cars?
Just as the Xenon example from above, the new technology here uses lasers just
for part of the light-creating process. Youre not going to have two sets of high-
power lasers with lenses in front of them burning everything in sight when
using the high-beam.
43
As BMW explained, their system uses three blue lasers positioned at the back of
the headlight assembly, firing onto a set of tiny mirrors that focus their energy
into a tiny lens containing yellow phosphorous gas.
This substance loves to create a very bright white light when coming in contact
with laser beams and this resulting light is then reflected towards the front of the
headlight. So basically, youre looking at the light created by the phosphorous,
not the laser itself, which makes the system road usable.
What happens if the headlight gets damaged or out of focus? BMW says it will
simply shut down automatically.
The light created in this process can be as much as 1,000 times brighter than
LEDs while using about two thirds (or even half) of the power. And thanks to
the phosphorous, the lights color temperature (5,500 - 6,000 K) is quite close to
the one natural daylight offers (around 6,500 K).
Being way more powerful than LED light, laser headlights can illuminate for
twice as long a distance and they are small enough to allow more
styling/packaging flexibility.
The downside is that BMW said their tech will only work on high beams at first
and as you might have thought, this comes at a price. These 6 high tech lasers
per headlamp (12 in total) will set you back about $10,000 (7,800). Price
which should also include auto-dimming technologies because no oncoming
driver would like to get dazzled by these tiny suns from 600 m (1,968 ft) away.
Audis laser technology works in a very similar way, using 4 lasers per
headlamp instead, so summing up what we know for now about laser
headlights:
44
ADVANTAGES:
very energy efficient
small packaging
1,000 times brighter than LED headlights with double the range
DISADVANTAGES:
extremely expensive
currently they cant be used for both low- and high-beams, requiring a regular
LED or HID system to work in tandem
they still need cooling, as they create much more heat than LED systems
CARS WITH ADAPTIVE HEADLIGHT SYSTEM

Audi Adaptive Xenon Plus headlights
Audi's adaptive headlights are available on the Prestige versions of most

models.
BMW Adaptive Headlights with glare-free High Beam Assistant

BMW's adaptive headlights are included as a standard or available feature
on most models.
Buick Adaptive Articulating Headlights

Buicks adaptive headlights are available on the Regal and LaCrosse.
Cadillac Adaptive Forward Lighting

Cadillac's adaptive headlights are available on the LTS, XTS, ATS, CTS,
and ELR Hybrid.
Hyundai Adaptive Front Lighting System
Hyundai's adaptive headlights come standard on the 2016 Equus.
Infiniti Intelligent LED Headlights

Infiniti's adaptive headlights will be available on the 2016 Q60 and QX50.
Jeep Adaptive Intelligent Headlamps
Jeeps adaptive headlights are available on select Grand Cherokee models.
45
Kia Adaptive Front Lighting System
Kias adaptive headlights are available on the Cadenza and K900.
Land Rover Adaptive Headlights

Land Rovers adaptive headlights are available on the Range Rover, Ranger
Rover Sport, and Range Rover Evoque.
Lexus Intelligent High Beam Headlamps
Lexus' adaptive headlights are available on the IS.
Mazda Adaptive Front Lighting
Mazdas adaptive headlights are offered on select models of the Mazda3

and CX-5.
Mercedes-Benz Active Curve Illumination

Mercedes-Benz' adaptive headlights are available on the B-Class, C-Class,
CLA-Class, E-Class, GL-Class, GLA-Class, GLC-Class, GLE-Class, GLK-
Class, M-Class, ML-Class, SL-Class, and SLK-Class.
Nissan Adaptive Front Lighting
Nissans adaptive headlights will be offered on the 2016 GT-R.

Porsche Dynamic Light System
Porsche's adaptive headlights are available as an option on most models.

Volkswagen Adaptive Front Lighting
Volkswagen's adaptive headlights are offered on the Golf, Golf

Sportwagen, GTI, Jetta, Touareg, Tiguan, Eos and CC.
Volvo Active High Beam Control
Volvo's adaptive headlights are available on the XC60 and S60.
46
CONCLUSIONS
Before undertook this project, knowledge about headlights was limited. After
doing an extensive research for this project now have a wider knowledge of this
field in automotive technology, learnt useful information about different types
of headlights. Vehicle has proved that this concept works and although such
lights are widely used nowadays, it helps to reduce black spots while cornering
and therefore reduces the risk of accidents, by auto low beam for front coming
vehicle and helping to notice persons or objects hidden in a bend earlier in
advance. Im looking forward to see more road vehicles equipped with adaptive
headlights in serial production.
REFERENCE
www.wikipedia.com
www.howstuffworks.com
www.cartelligent.com
www.lifewire.com
www.mycardoeswhat.com
www.aaafoundation.com
www.caradvice.com
47

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ARIES POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE 2017-18 AFS

Driver assistance in driving beam use

Modern automotive vehicles include a variety of different lamps to provide

Types of Adaptive Headlights

Vehicle and their Headlight problem

A couple of car manufacturer, however, slowly migrated to high-intensity

Last-generation models incorporate even a more advanced system compared to

ADAPTIVE FRONT LIGHT

adjusting in response to weather conditions, the presence of other vehicles, and

o Foot well module

CAR ACCESS SYSTEM

DYNAMIC STABILITY CONTROL

RAIN/DRIVING LIGHT/SOLAR SENSOR

ROOF FUNCTIONS CENTRE

VERTICAL DYNAMICS MANAGEMENT

ROOF FUNCTION CENTRE

ULTRASONIC PASSENGER-COMPARTMENT SENSOR

ADVANCED CRASH SAFETY MANAGEMENT (ACSM)

SWIVEL MODULE FOR BI-XENON HEADLIGHT

Among other things the swivel module contains following components;

STEPPER MOTOR CONTROLER

The stepper motor controller is mounted on the side of the bi-xenon

SIDE LIGHT /DAY TIM EDRIVING LIGHT

LIGHTS OPERATING UNIT

DIRECTION INDICATOR/HIGH BEAM SWITCH

ROTATING RATE SENSOR

STEERING ANGLE SENSOR

FRONT AND REAR RIDE-HEIGHT SENSORS

BRAKE PEDAL SWITCH

The bus systems are;

HOW DO ADAPTIVE HEADLIGHTS WORK

Another adaptive headlight technology was introduced by Volkswagen in 2011.

What Vehicles Have Adaptive Headlights?

Various adaptive headlamp strategies have been employed in vehicles in at least

Modern directional headlamps are available from manufacturers like Toyota,

General Motors was an early adopter of adaptive technology that could

Do Adaptive Headlights Really Reduce Accidents?

Adaptive headlight systems definitely increase visibility at night, but its

LIGHT IN VARYING CONDITIONS

Applications of adaptive headlights in the

When speaking of actuators or moving mechanisms in the automotive industry,

1. They allow for safer driving

Automatic adaptive headlights is one of the innovations of automotive

2. They avoid blinding other vehicles or pedestrians

3. They improve driving in adverse weather

Automatic adaptive headlights have the ability to:

3. Detect light levels and turn on or off automatically

Leading automotive manufacturers have added this technology to their range

Thanks to a variety of sensors that are connected to a computer, these

Sensors connected to a computer to measure changes

ADAPTIVE HEADLIGHTS WITH SELF-LEVELING

Auto-leveling headlight technology has an additional level sensor which

Adaptive headlights with auto-leveling and electric servomotors react to the

Smart adaptive headlights

Leveling adjustment function:

Lighting range adjustment: adjustment of the headlamp angle is done to

High Intensity Discharge Ballast

Auto Leveling Sensor

Auto Angular Sensor

AFS/ALS Actuation Module

HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS

Rated Voltage 13.5V DC

Operating Voltage Range 6V18V DC

IgnitionVoltage Range 9V17V DC